Repository of the Institute for Migration Research
Not a member yet
176 research outputs found
Sort by
Hvar’s Campanilism – Stereotypes and Collective Nicknames on the Island of Hvar (Abstract)
Get PDFU ovom se radu nastojao definirati pojam kampanilizam. Hvarski je kampanilizam istražen kroz mikroteritorijalnu analizu i identifikacije na razini susjednih otočnih zajednica. Zamijećena su tri kruga kampanilističkih rivaliteta i odnosa na otoku Hvaru, a potvrđeno je da mjesto koje se doživljava kao susjedno ne prelazi udaljenost veću od 10 kilometara. Prikazani su složeni sustavi rivaliteta i animoziteta kroz stvaranje stereotipa, podrugljivih etnika te njihovo potvrđivanje anegdotama, vicevima i uzrečicama. Stereotipi i podrugljivi etnici za stanovnike pojedinih otočnih naselja podijeljeni su u nekoliko dominantnih tematskih skupina i podskupina. Oni dodatno potvrđuju kompleksnost i pluralnost identifikacijskih strategija stanovnika otoka Hvara.The aim of this paper is to define the term campanilism. Hvar’s campanilism was researched through micro-territorial analysis and identification on the level of neighboring island communities. On the island of Hvar there are three circles of campanilistic rivalries and relationships and it was confirmed that a place which is seen as neighboring does not exceed a distance of more than 10 kilometers. The work presents complex systems of rivalry and animosity through the creation of stereotypes, collective nicknames and their confirmation through anecdotes, jokes and sayings. Stereotypes and mocking collective nicknames for the inhabitants of some island’s villages are divided into a few dominant thematic groups and subgroups. They additionall
“The age of light has arrived! Stratiko has came to Hvar!” - Bishop and Enlightenment scholar Ivan Dominik Stratiko on the people of Hvar
Get PDFRad obuhvaća analizu pisma o hrvatskom, srednjodalmatinskom otoku Hvaru i njegovim stanovnicima koje je nastalo u 18. st. (1786.). Pismo je napisao talijanski i dalmatinski (hrvatski) prosvjetitelj i hvarski biskup: Ivan Dominik Stratiko (1732. – 1799.), koji pripada prosvjetiteljskom krugu povezanom uz otok Hvar (Alberto Fortis, Julije Bajamonti i Ivan Dominik Stratiko). Pismo je prikaz otočnoga prostora tada pod vlašću Mletačke Republike, prvenstveno intelektualnoj europskoj prosvjetiteljskoj publici te opis otočana kao europskih Drugih. Stratikov opis stanovnika mjesta Bogomolja (na istoku Hvara) u mnogome se podudara s Fortisovim opisom Morlaka u Putu po Dalmaciji i nasljeđuje stereotip o “dobrome divljaku” utjelovljenom u liku stanovnika planinskog zaleđa Dalmacije. Ono je ujedno i imaginarij, zbirka predodžbi o otočnim “domorocima” koja se koristi za opis hvarskih gorštaka.This paper offers an analysis of an 18th-century letter on the Croatian central-Dalmatian island of Hvar and its inhabitants. Ivan Dominik Stratiko (1732–1799), Italian and Dalmatian enlightenment scholar and the Bishop of Hvar, who belonged to the enlightenment circle associated with the island of Hvar (Alberto Fortis, Julije Bajamonti and Ivan Dominik Stratiko), composed this letter in 1786. Stratiko’s description of the inhabitants of the village of Bogomolje (in the eastern part of Hvar) largely corresponds to Fortis’s description of Morlachs in his Travels into Dalmatia and inherits the stereotype of the “noble savage”, embodied in the figure of the inhabitant of the mountainous Dalmatian hinterland. The letter provides a representation of the island space, at the time ruled by the Venetian Republic, which is primarily directed at the intellectual European public of the Enlightenment era; it further describes the islanders as the European Others. The letter is moreover an imaginarium, a collection of ideas about the island “natives” used to describe the Hvar highlanders
The Novak Collection as an Inspiration: Characteristics of Some Rare Maps of the Northern and Central Dalmatian Coastline and the Role of Local Cartographers
Get PDFTekst je nastao u namjeri da se njime oda dužno poštovanje ideji i velikom trudu koji je svjetski putnik, liječnik rendgenolog, ali i kartograf, kolekcionar i zaljubljenik u stare karte, prof. dr. Drago Novak uložio u nastanak kartografske Zbirke Novak. Ujedno autorica analizira neke od rijetkih izvornih karata dalmatinskog priobalja iz ranoga novog vijeka, ulogu domaćih kartografa i grafičara (Martina Rote i Natala Bonifacija) u nastanku tih karata te njihov utjecaj na daljnji razvoj kartografije.The article is a tribute to the ideas and efforts of Prof. Dr. Drago Novak, who founded and compiled the Novak Map Collection (Zbirka Novak). As a world traveller and professional radiologist, he was also a cartographer, collector and lover of old maps. The author also analyses some original, early, modern maps of the Dalmatian coastline and the role of local cartographers and copperplate engravers (Martin Rota and Natale Bonifacio) in the production of these maps and their significance for further cartographic development
Begrenzte Konzeptualisierung der residentialen Segregation: Rückkehr zum sozialen Raum?
Get PDFU članku se prikazuju pokušaji konceptualiziranja i objašnjenja segregacije te se ukazuje na činjenicu da općenite klasifi kacije i taksonomije ne mogu objasniti fenomen, a pogotovo ne mogu predvidjeti koncentraciju populacija i grupa u analitički ciljanim fi zičkim prostorima. Segregacija populacija u različitim sredinama varira prema demografskim karakteristikama segregirane populacije kao i prema stupnju koncentriranosti i miješanja s ostalim populacijama u određenom fizičkom prostoru. Osim u slučajevima potpune segregacije, poput geta, nije moguće teorijski utvrditi koliki stupanj koncentracije i odvojenosti od ostalih populacija nedvosmisleno određuje fenomen segregacije. Upravo zato su pokušaji postavljanja teorija koji se temelje većinom samo na opažanju koncentracije sličnih populacija te post hoc objašnjenjima vrlo ograničeni te se njihove tvrdnje često ne mogu transferirati na druge, čak i slične slučajeve. Čini se da jedino teorije socijalnih prostora, posebice konzekventnija primjena teorije socijalnog prostora i prisvojenog fizičkog prostora Pierrea Bourdieua može konceptima segregacije dati objašnjavajuću i predviđajuću moć te ih tako riješiti površnosti i zatvorenosti deskripcije i paušalne klasifikacije.Th is paper presents attempts to conceptualize and explain segregation and emphasizes the fact that general classifications and taxonomies cannot explain this phenomenon, and certainly cannot predict the concentration of populations and groups in analytically targeted physical spaces. Segregation of populations in different areas varies according to demographic characteristics of the segregated population
and the degree of concentration and mixing with other populations in a given physical space. Except in cases of complete segregation, such as ghettos, it is not possible to theoretically ascertain which level of concentration and separation from other populations unambiguously determines the phenomenon of segregation. Th is is why attempts to create a theory, based mostly on observation of concentration of similar populations and post hoc explanations, are very limited and their claims often cannot be applied to other, even similar cases. It seems that only theories of social spaces, especially consequent application of Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of social space and appropriated physical space, can provide explanatory power for the concepts of segregation and resolve them of superficiality of description and arbitrary classification.Im vorliegenden Artikel werden Versuche des Konzeptualisierens und Erklärungen der Segregation gezeigt, es wird außerdem auf die Tatsache hingewiesen, daß allgemeine Klassifi kationen und Taxonomien das Phänomen nicht erklären können, vor allem können sie die Konzentration von Populationen und Gruppen in analytisch gezielten physischen Räumen nicht voraussehen. Die Segregation der Populationen in verschiedenen Kreisen variiert abhängig von demographischen Merkmalen der segregierten Population sowie von der Konzentrationsstufe und vom Mischen mit anderen Populationen im bestimmten physischen Raum. Außer in Fällen der völligen Segregation, wie im Ghetto, ist es nicht möglich theoretisch festzustellen, welche Stufe der Konzentration und des Getrenntseins von anderen Populationen das Phänomen der Segregation eindeutig bestimmt. Gerade deswegen sind Versuche, Theorien aufzustellen, die meistens nur auf dem Bemerken von Konzentrationen ähnlicher Populationen, sowie auf post hoc Erklärungen beruhen, sehr beschränkt und ihre Behauptungen können auf andere, sogar ähnliche Fälle oft nicht übertragen werden. Es scheint, daß nur die Theorie der sozialen Räume, insbesondere eine konsequentere Anwendung der Theorie des sozialen Raumes und des angeeigneten sozialen Raumes von Pierre Bourdieu den Segregationskonzepten eine erklärende und vorhersehende Macht geben kann und sie dadurch von Oberfl ächlichkeit und Geschlossenheit der Deskription und der pauschalen Klassifikation befreien kann
Socio-geographic changes in small island communities - the example of the Island of Zlarin
Get PDFAutorice na primjeru otoka Zlarina istražuju temeljne sociogeografske procese i najvažnije promjene u načinu života zajednica malih hrvatskih otoka od 1970-ih godina do danas. U radu je prezentiran dio rezultata istraživanja kvalitete života stanovništva Zlarina, provedenog metodom ankete i promatranja sa sudjelovanjem na uzorku od 67 ispitanika. Rezultati pokazuju da se zbog želje za demografskim opstankom zajednice, Zlarinjani sve više otvaraju prema strancima – prije svega doseljenicima, a onda i turistima, u kojima vide nadu demografske i gospodarske revitalizacije. Modernizacija je donijela i određene negativne promjene u mentalitetu i načinu shvaćanja zajednice, koje se ogledaju u smanjenoj solidarnosti članova i izraženijem materijalizmu. Ipak otočani i dalje iskazuju snažni osjećaj pripadnosti relativno homogenoj i intimnoj otočnoj zajednici u kojoj još uvijek postoji čvrsti osjećaj povezanosti.On the example of the island of Zlarin, the authors investigate fundamental socio-geographic processes and the most important changes in the way of life of communities on small Croatian islands from 1970s until today. This paper presents a part of the results of a study conducted in February 2011 on Zlarin, within the framework of researching the quality of life of the population on the islands of Šibenik. It presents partial results of research on the quality of life of the population of Zlarin which was conducted using questionnaire and observation methods on a sample of 67 respondents. The results show that, due to their desire to assure the demographic survival of their community, Zlarin islanders are increasingly opening up towards foreigners – first of all to immigrants, and then to tourists, in whom they place their hopes for demographic and economic revitalisation. However, the islanders still show a strong sense of affiliation to their relatively homogeneous and intimate island community, to which they still have a strong sense of belonging
Le nationalisme méthodologique en sciences sociales : conséquences pour les recherches sociales
Get PDFSAŽETAK
Društveni znanstvenici postaju sve svjesniji činjenice da se društvo ne može i ne treba izjednačivati s »nacionalnim društvom«, zamišljenim totalitetom društvenih odnosa unutar granica nacija-država. Zato je prvo desetljeće 21. stoljeća obilježeno raspravom o metodološkom nacionalizmu, pogrešnoj ideji da se društvo i nacija-država preklapaju, sadržanoj u pretpostavkama brojnih istraživanja. Usprkos dalekosežnim zaključcima unutar te rasprave, malen je broj radova koji pokušavaju dati smjernice istraživačima kako istraživati društvene fenomene bez pogrešaka metodološkog nacionalizma. Zato je cilj ovog rada izvući najvažnije zaključke iz rasprava o metodološkom nacionalizmu kao i formulirati jasne konzekvence tih rasprava za koncipiranje i provedbu suvremenih istraživanja u društvenim znanostima, posebice u području istraživanja migracija.Social scientists are becoming increasingly aware of the fact that human society cannot and should not be equated with the “national society”, an imagined aggregate of social relations within the boundaries of nation-states. The first decade of the 21st century was marked by the discussion on methodological nationalism, i.e. the biased idea that the society and the nation-state overlap, which is embedded in the assumptions of numerous studies. Despite the far-reaching consequences of this discussion, there are only a few articles which try to give directions to the researchers for studying social phenomena without the bias of methodological nationalism. The goal of this article is to extrapolate main conclusions from the discussions on methodological nationalism and to formulate clear outcomes of these discussions for the conceptualization and for the conducting contemporary research in the social sciences, particularly in the field of migration research.Les chercheurs en sciences sociales prennent de plus en plus conscience de l’inexactitude de l’équation entre « société » et « société nationale », ç.à.d. un ensemble de rapports sociaux perçu dans les limites d’un Etat-nation. Dans ce contexte, la première décennie du 21e siècle a été marquée par une série de débats sur le nationalisme méthodologique, à savoir cette idée fallacieuse d’une superposition de la société à l’Etat-nation, reflétée dans nombre d’études et de recherches. En dépit de la longue portée des conclusions desdits débats, rares sont les travaux tâchant de donner des directives aux chercheurs sur la manière d’étudier les phénomènes sociaux sans l’erreur du nationalisme méthodologique. Le présent article a, dès lors, pour objectif de mettre en évidence les conclusions essentielles des débats sur le nationalisme méthodologique de même que de définir clairement les retombées de ces débats sur la conception et la réalisation d’études contemporaines dans le domaine des sciences sociales, particulièrement au plan des études migratoires
Caractéristiques des flux migratoires et intégration de nouveaux groupes immigrants sur le marché du travail dans les pays du sud-est européen, membres de l’Union Européenne
Get PDFPočetkom devedesetih godina 20. stoljeća, a posebno nakon pristupanja Europskoj uniji, južnoeuropske zemlje susreću se s povećanim imigracijskim priljevom, osobito državljana trećih zemalja. Većina migracijskih tokova odnosi se na ilegalne migracije. U radu se pomoću teorije segmentiranog tržišta rada analizira integracija novih imigrantskih grupa na tržištu rada. Visoki stupanj segmentacije i nezakonitosti na tržištima rada u analiziranim zemljama posebno je prisutan u građevinarskom, poljodjelskom i uslužnom sektoru (kućanstva, hotelijerstvo i ugostiteljstvo). Nezakonito zapošljavanje važan je privlačni čimbenik za ilegalne migrante i potiče razvoj ilegalnih migracija. Učestalom provedbom regulacijskih programa tek se djelomično uspijeva riješiti problem ilegalnih migranata, a njima se usporedo »privlači« sve veći broj novih imigranata. Zbog posebnih obilježja novijih migracijskih tokova u južnoeuropskim zemljama, moguće je primijeniti Kingov i Ribas-Mateosov »južnoeuropski imigracijski model« koji te tokove prikazuje triangularno. U tom se modelu masovni imigracijski priljev povezuje s visokom razinom nezakonitosti u gospodarskom sektoru i sa slabom socijalnom državom. Neujednačen gospodarski razvoj zemalja podrijetla i primitka imigranata te percipiranje novih imigranata (državljana trećih zemalja) isključivo kroz prizmu homo economicusa ne ulijevaju odviše optimizma da će se njihov položaj na tržištu rada i u društvu u dogledno vrijeme bitno poboljšati. Zalažući se za pravednije postupanje prema novim imigrantskim grupama, od vlada zemalja primitka trebalo bi zahtijevati veće uvažavanje imigrantskih grupa te uređenje njihova položaja uvođenjem novih i drugačijih normi i standarda utemeljenih prije svega na univerzalnim ljudskim pravima.In the early 1990s, and especially after the accession to the European Union, southern European countries were faced with an increased influx of immigration, particularly by third country citizens. The majority of migration flows refers to illegal migration. In this paper, the integration of new immigrant groups in the labour market has been analysed by using the theory of the segmented labour market. A high degree of labour market segmentation and irregularities in the analyzed countries is particularly present in the construction, agricultural and service sectors (households, hotels and catering). Illegal recruitment is an important attractive factor for illegal migrants, and encourages the development of illegal migration. Frequent implementation of control programmes solves the problem of illegal migrants only partially while, at the same time, an increasing number of new immigrants is being “attracted”. Due to special features of more recent migration flows in southern European countries, it is possible to apply the “South European immigration model” by King and Ribas-Mateos, portraying these flows triangularly. In this model the mass influx of immigration is connected to a high level of irregularities in the economic sector and a weak welfare state. The uneven economic development of sending and receiving countries, as well as the perception of new immigrants (third country citizens) exclusively through the prism of homo economicus, does not inspire too much optimism that their position in the labour market and in society will significantly improve in the foreseeable future. On behalf of more equitable treatment of new immigrant groups, their greater recognition should be demanded from receiving countries’ governments as well as the regulation of their position by introducing new and different norms and standards, based in the first place on universal human rights.A l’aube des années ‘90 du 20e siècle, plus particulièrement suite à leur entrée dans l’Union européenne, les pays de l’Europe du sud-est se sont vus confrontés à un flux d’immigration croissant, principalement de ressortissants de pays du tiers-monde. Les flux migratoires relèvent, dans la plupart des cas, à la migration illégale. La présente étude se propose d’analyser, au moyen de la théorie du marché du travail segmenté, l’intégration des nouveaux groupes immigrants sur ce marché où il a, d’ailleurs, été observé un degré élevé de segmentation et d’illégalité particulièrement présent dans les secteurs de la construction, de l’agriculture et des services (aide à domicile et CHR). Or, le recrutement au noir constitue un important facteur d’attraction pour les aspirants à l’immigration clandestine et contribue, de ce fait, à son développement. En outre, l’application fréquente de programmes de régularisation, bien qu’ils ne soient qu’une solution partielle à la situation des immigrés illégaux, a également pour effet d’en « attirer » un nombre croissant. Les spécificités des flux migratoires en Europe du sud-est sont présentées sous format triangulaire dans le « modèle d’immigration du sud-est européen » de King et Ribas-Mateos. Dans ce modèle le flux d’immigration massive y est ainsi mis en relation avec des niveaux élevés de l’illégalité dans le secteur économique et avec les faiblesses de l’Etat-providence. Les disparités du développement économique entre les pays d’origine et d’accueil de migrants ainsi que la perception de ces derniers, souvent originaires de pays du tiers-monde, à travers le seul prisme de l’homo economicus ne sont pas propices à l’optimisme quant à l’amélioration essentielle, à terme, de leur statut sur le marché du travail et dans la société. Il serait donc judicieux de plaider pour un traitement plus juste de ces nouveaux groupes d’immigrés et de revendiquer, dès lors, auprès des gouvernements des pays d’accueil une plus grande prise en considération de ces populations en vue de régler leur situation par l’instauration de nouvelles normes émanant primordialement des droits de l’homme universels
Analytical Dimensions for the Research of Transnational Activities: An Example of Chinese Migrants in Croatia
Get PDFKoncept transnacionalnih socijalnih prostora polako zamjenjuje koncept transnacionalizma, koji se kritizira zbog promašenosti termina, konceptualne nejasnosti, nemogućnosti određivanja granica fenomena kojim se bavi i sl. Usprkos tome, samo neki slučajevi migrantskih transnacionalnih veza prerastaju u transnacionalne socijalne prostore, koje je vrlo teško istraživati s ograničenim sredstvima i brojem istraživača jer zahtijevaju kontinuirano i sinkronizirano praćenje svakodnevnih praksi u više međunarodnih lokaliteta. Stoga je odabir analiziranja migrantskih transnacionalnih aktivnosti kao i eventualna procjena njihove saturacije i intenziteta puno pouzdaniji postupak od pretpostavljanja, pa zatim potvrđivanja ili odbacivanja postojanja transnacionalnih socijalnih prostora u određenom slučaju. U radu se prezentiraju rezultati istraživanja transnacionalnih aktivnosti kineskih migranata u Hrvatskoj metodom polustrukturiranih intervjua. Iz radova o migrantskom transnacionalizmu izdvojene su dimenzije i analitičke kategorije za istraživanje transnacionalnih aktivnosti, a rezultati su strukturirani prema sadržajnim sferama aktivnosti (ekonomske, socijalne, kulturne i političke transnacionalne aktivnosti). Objašnjavajuća moć i transferabilnost ustanovljenoga analitičkog modela, koji je dosad bio primjenjivan na druge migrantske skupine u drugim kontekstima, ocjenjuje se kroz prikaz transnacionalnih aktivnosti kineskih migranata u Hrvatskoj.The concept of transnational social spaces is slowly replacing the concept of transnationalism, which is being criticised as a failed term, due to its conceptual ambiguity, inability to determine the boundaries of the phenomenon that is being dealt with, etc. However, only some cases of migrant transnational ties grow into transnational social spaces, which are very difficult to investigate with limited resources and a limited number of researchers since they require continuous and synchronized observation of daily practices in several international localities. Therefore, the selection of analysis of migrant transnational activities as well as any assessment of their saturation and intensity is a more reliable procedure than assuming and then confirming or discarding the existence of transnational social spaces in a particular case. This paper presents the results of the research of transnational activities of Chinese migrants in Croatia using semi-structured interviews. Dimensions and analytical categories for researching transnational activities are selected from the research on migrant transnationalism, and the results are structured according to the content of activities (economic, social, cultural and political transnational activities). The explanatory power and transferability of the established analytical model, which has so far been used in the research of other migrant groups in other contexts, is assessed through the presentation of transnational activities of Chinese migrants in Croatia
Visualisation cartographique et représentation de l’Autre dans les espaces aux frontières multiples
Get PDFU članku se preispituju komunikacijske mogućnosti ranonovovjekovne karte kao povijesnog izvora u teorijsko-metodološkim okvirima povijesne imagologije i konstrukcionističke teorije. Komparativnom analizom otkrivaju se višestruke reprezentacije i slike Drugoga. One su ovisne ne samo o kartografskim vještinama autora, njihovu odabiru ponuđenih informacija i primijenjenim kartografskim tehnologijama nego i o habsburškim, mletačkim i osmanskim imperijalnim strategijama te kartografskim politikama na višegraničnim prostorima u Hrvatskoj ranoga novog vijeka. Zahvaljujući njihovoj sugestivnosti kartama se često interpretiralo geografske, ideološke, konfesionalne, kulturne i lingvističke slike i značenja, pa čak i manipuliralo njima. Drugi nije uvijek oslikavan kao drugačiji s druge strane granice, nego i kao različitost »među nama«. Kroz cijelu lepezu složenih prikaza Drugoga, nekad i imperijalno impostiranih, europski su, ali i hrvatski kartografi stvorili strukturirani i hijerarhijski pristup u kartografiranju i kartiranju Drugoga. Suvremeno iščitavanje tih izvora zahtijeva dobro poznavanje okolnosti nastanka pojedinačne karte, ali i kritički pristup ne samo izvorima već i interpretacijskim obrascima. Na kraju je nužno sravniti kartu s komplementarnim povijesnim izvorom »druge strane« radi premošćivanja i prerade postojećih mentalnih mapa i nadogradnje interkulturnih kompetencija da bismo bolje upoznali Drugoga.The article examines the communication possibilities of early modern maps as historical sources within the methodological frame of imagology and constructionist theory. A comparative analysis reveals numerous visualisations or images of the Other, which depend not only on the author’s cartographic skills, the selection of the offered information and applied cartographic code, but also on the Habsburg, the Venetian or the Ottoman imperial strategic and cartographic policies on the multiple borderlands of early modern Croatia. Due to their highly suggestive nature, maps were easily used for interpretation and even manipulation with geographic, ideological, confessional, cultural and even linguistic images and denotations. The Other was not always illuminated as being different on the other side of the border, but also as diversity “among us”. Through the whole panoply of complex images of the Other, some of them imposed by a certain imperial power, European as well as Croatian cartographers have created a structured and hierarchical approach to cartography and mapping of the Other. Contemporary rereading of these sources requires a good understanding of the circumstances in which an individual map was made, but also a critical approach not only to sources but to interpretative patterns as well. In the end, it is necessary to compare the map in question with a a complementary source from the “Other side” in order to bridge the gap and remake the existing mental maps, adding intercultural competence aimed at getting to know better the Other.L’article se propose de réexaminer les compétences communicationnelles de la cartographie du début des temps modernes, en tant que source historique, sous l’angle théorique et méthodologique de l’imagologie historique et de la théorie constructiviste. L’analyse comparative permet de découvrir de multiples représentations et images de l’Autre. Celles-ci sont non seulement tributaires des compétences cartographiques des auteurs, de leur sélection d’informations et des techniques cartographiques appliquées mais aussi des desseins impérialistes habsbourgeois, vénitiens et ottomans ainsi que des politiques cartographiques en vigueur dans les espaces aux multiples frontières en Croatie au cours du début des temps modernes. Suggestives, les cartes ont souvent servi à l’interprétation d’images et de notions géographiques, idéologiques, confessionnelles, culturelles et linguistiques, les amenant à être l’objet de manipulations. L’Autre n’est pas toujours dépeint comme étant différent de l’autre côté de la frontière, mais plutôt comme étant une différence « parmi nous ». Par un large et complexe éventail de représentations de l’Autre, parfois même imposées par les empires, les cartographes européens, y compris croates, ont créé une approche structurée et hiérarchique au plan de la cartographie de l’Autre. La lecture contemporaine de ces sources historiques requiert donc une connaissance approfondie des circonstances ayant vu l’émergence de la carte individuelle, de même qu’une étude critique tant des sources que de leurs modèles interprétatifs. Enfin, il s’avère indispensable de raccommoder les cartes avec leurs équivalents de « l’autre côté » afin de surmonter et de remanier les cartes mentales existantes et de compléter leurs compétences interculturelles en vue d’acquérir une meilleure connaissance de l’Autre
Spazio ecostorico della zona dell'Istria limitrofe come quadro dello sviluppo delle malattie endemiche
Get PDFAutorica se u radu usredotočila na pitanja fenomena malaričnosti Istre, njezina utjecaja na život običnog čovjeka, ali i na međuzavisne geografske fenomene krških nizina, demografske trendove, utjecaj imperijalnih politika na pograničju kao čimbenik »odozgo«, odnosno na kontekstualizaciju sviju navedenih faktora koji su utjecali na svakidašnjicu 17. i 18. stoljeća. U radu se upozorava da su tijekom tog razdoblja endemične bolesti pod utjecajem brojnih vanjskih podražaja promatrane kao posljedica, ali istovremeno i kao uzrok općeg stanja u Istri.Eco-historical prerequisites for the interaction between man and landscape and for the development of a complex system of permanently maintained, i.e. endemic diseases of Istria from the early Modern Age until the 20th century. An eco-historical analysis of such a complex and dynamic ecosystem and of the bordering historical area (and time) calls for an extremely interdisciplinary approach and a comparative analysis of heterogeneous sources (in this case primarily cartographic). They enable the reconstruction of environmental, geographical and economic, political and administrative, medical and demographic particularities of the area. This paper will focus on environmental, historical and geographical prerequisites of the development of Istrian economic niches, processes in them and consequences. Endemic diseases, along with epidemics and war hardship, led the inhabitants to general poverty, famine and depopulation. Migrations and spreading of herding also contributed to a high level of dependence on the physical environment. All these elements together caused a poor sustainability of area management. As a particular case study, isolated in time, we will examine the case of the grand project of drainage, land improvement and eradication of malaria on the Brijuni Islands led by the Austrian industrialist Paul Kupelwieser at the beginning of the 20th century.
The adverse political and economic circumstances and the lack of understanding by the local population, administration and central authorities for innovations of a “foreigner” interrupted the project even though it had provided a permanently changed and economically self-sustaining environment.Analizzeremo le condizioni ecostoriche preliminari per l’attività reciproca tra l’uomo ed il paesaggio nonche lo sviluppo dello sistema complesso delle malattie presenti permanentemente cioè delle malattie endemiche dell’Istria dal primo evo moderno al 20° secolo. L’analisi ecostorica di questo ecosistema complesso e dinamico e dello spazio (e tempo) storico limitrofe richiede un approccio estremamente interdisciplinare e un’analisi comparativa di fonti diverse ( in questo caso soprattutto cartografiche). Esso rende possibile la ricostruzione delle particolarità ecologiche, geografico-economiche, politico- amministrative, mediche e demografiche dello spazio. Quest’ opera punterà sulle condizioni preliminari ecologiche e storico-geografiche dello sviluppo delle nicchie economiche istriane, sui loro processi interni e sulle conseguenze. Le malattie endemiche, accanto alle epidemie e alle stragi di guerra, portavano la gente alla povertà generale, alla carestia ed alla depopolazione. Le migrazioni e la diffusione dell’allevamento del bestiame hanno contribuito altrettanto all’alto grado di dipendenza dall’ambiente fisico e tutti questi elementi hanno causato la scarsa sostenibilità della gestione dello spazio. Da caso separato nel tempo, case study, considereremo il caso del grande progetto privato di disseccamento, meliorazione ed eradicazione della malaria delle isole di Brioni da parte di un industriale austriaco Paul Kupelwieser all’inizio del 20° secolo. Allora le condizioni politico-economiche sfavorevoli e l’ incomprenssione da parte della popolazione locale, dell’amministrazione e dell’ autorità centrale per le idee innovative di uno „straniero“ hanno interrotto il progetto nonostante esso abbia reso possibile la creazione di un ambiente permanentemente trasformato ed economicamente autosostenibile