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Cinema in childhood curricula: possibilities and pedagogical connections
Get PDFAiming reflection on formative possibilities of cinema in addressing thematic diversity related to children and childhoods in the curriculum, this text discusses a doctoral research project on cinema and education, which involved a course titled Cinema, Childhood, and Education, offered in a Pedagogy program at a federal public university in southern Brazil. Based on a cycle of film screenings focused on themes of childhoods, through short and feature films of different narrative genres - drama, fiction, suspense, humor, animation and documentary — the curated selection included wellknown international productions and lesser-known ones, alongside national, regional, and local works, allowing reflection on how certain themes are present in pedagogical and cinematographic discourses about childhoods. Such questions are relevant for considering alternative narratives in childhood curricula and for expanding the cultural references of both teachers and children regarding cinematic production. The considerations in this article reaffirm the relevance of cinema in the curricular component of childhoods, encompassing the multiple languages of art, the plurality and specificities of children\u27s universes, and the contextual aspects in which many children live and interact.Con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre las posibilidades formativas del cine para abordar la diversidad temática relacionada con la niñez y la infancia en el currículo, este artículo se basa en una investigación doctoral sobre cine y educación, desarrollada a partir de la materia Cine, Infancia y Educación, ofrecida en un curso de Pedagogía de una universidad pública federal del sur de Brasil. Mediante un ciclo de proyecciones de cortos y largometrajes de distintos géneros narrativos —drama, ficción, suspenso, humor, animación y documental—, la curaduría incluyó tanto producciones internacionales reconocidas como otras de menor circulación, así como obras nacionales consolidadas y de alcance regional o local. Esta selección permitió analizar cómo ciertas temáticas están presentes en los discursos pedagógicos y cinematográficos sobre las infancias. Las reflexiones presentadas son relevantes para pensar otras narrativas en los currículos para las infancias, de manera que docentes, niños y niñas amplíen las referencias culturales respecto a la producción cinematográfica. Las consideraciones del artículo reafirman la importancia del cine en los componentes curriculares para y sobre las infancias, al integrar múltiples lenguajes artísticos, la pluralidad y especificidades de los mundos infantiles, así como los contextos en los que la niñez vive y se relaciona.Aiming to reflect on the formative possibilities of cinema in addressing diverse themes related to children and childhoods in the curriculum, this text discusses a doctoral research project on cinema and education, involving a course titled Cinema, Childhood, and Education, offered in a Pedagogy program at a federal public university in southern Brazil. Based on a cycle of film screenings focused on childhoods themes, through short and feature films of different narrative genres - drama, fiction, suspense, humor, animation and documentary — the curated selection included well-known international productions and lesser-known ones, alongside national, regional, and local works, enabling the reflection on how certain themes are present in pedagogical and cinematographic discourses about childhoods. These questions are relevant for considering alternative narratives in childhood curricula and for expanding the cultural references of both teachers and children regarding cinematic production. The considerations in this article reaffirm the relevance of cinema in the curricular component of childhoods, encompassing the multiple languages of art, the plurality and specificities of children\u27s universes, and the contextual aspects in which many children live and interact
Curricula for children: disputes, resistance, and the creation of a possible emancipatory, anti-racist, and teacher-valuing education
Get PDFThis article analyzes the disputes and resistances within curricula directed toward childhoods in the Brazilian context, based on the dialogue between three doctoral theses focused on public schools to examine the relationships among childhoods, curriculum, and teachers’ continuing education. This is a qualitative and bibliographic study (Gil, 2009), grounded in documentary analysis (Laville & Dionne, 1999) of the theses, and employing content analysis (Bardin, 2016) as its methodological procedure, identifying convergences, tensions, and possibilities for articulation. The research reveals that the curriculum constitutes a field of ideological struggles, marked by attempts to control narratives through the exclusion of themes related to race, class, and Afro-Brazilian religions, thereby promoting curricular whitening. Such control is evident both in basic education and in initial and continuing teacher education, through movements such as Escola Sem Partido (ES?P – “School Without Party”) and programs such as the Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD – National Textbook and Teaching Material Program). In contrast, the recognition of the knowledge production processes by student-children within the school context, through the Philosophy of Children approach, stands out as an emancipatory curricular proposal, centered on listening and questioning, in opposition to standardized and exclusionary teaching models. In this sense, childhood—historically constructed and in constant re-signification—emerges in the contemporary educational scenario not only as a stage of development, but as a fertile field of cultural and social production in which curricula play a central role (Arroyo, 2013). Thus, the analysis indicates that teachers’ continuing education is a strategic space to strengthen professional autonomy and emancipation, and to promote inclusive, democratic, and anti-racist curricula. This fosters a broader understanding of these fields of dispute and reinforces the role of public schools as spaces of freedom, resistance, and social transformation that value both childhoods and teachers.
Este artículo analiza las disputas y resistencias en los currículos dirigidos a la infancia en Brasil, en busca de una educación emancipadora. Se basa en el diálogo de tres tesis doctorales que exploran las relaciones entre infancia, currículo y formación continua docente en el contexto de las escuelas públicas. El objetivo es analizar las disputas y resistencias en los currículos dirigidos a la infancia en Brasil, en busca de una educación emancipadora. La investigación revela que el currículo es un campo de batalla de lucha ideológica, donde movimientos como Escola Sem Partido intentan controlar las narrativas excluyendo temas sobre raza, clase y religiones de origen africano, promoviendo un blanqueamiento del currículo. Esta postura restringe la autonomía docente y limita el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, especialmente para la infancia negra e indígena. En contraste, la Filosofía de la Infancia propone un currículo basado en la escucha y la capacidad de cuestionar, desafiando los modelos de enseñanza estandarizados. La formación continua surge como un espacio estratégico para fortalecer la autonomía docente y promover currículos más inclusivos y diversos. El estudio refuerza la importancia de defender la autonomía de los docentes y de la escuela pública como espacios de libertad, resistencia y transformación social, fundamentales para una educación crítica, democrática y antirracista que valore la infancia y empodere a los docentes.This article analyzes the disputes and resistances within curricula directed toward childhoods in the Brazilian context, based on the dialogue between three doctoral theses focused on public schools to examine the relationships among childhoods, curriculum, and teachers’ continuing education. This is a qualitative and bibliographic study (Gil, 2009), grounded in documentary analysis (Laville & Dionne, 1999) of the theses, and employing content analysis (Bardin, 2016) as its methodological procedure, identifying convergences, tensions, and possibilities for articulation. The research reveals that the curriculum constitutes a field of ideological struggles, marked by attempts to control narratives through the exclusion of themes related to race, class, and Afro-Brazilian religions, thereby promoting curricular whitening. Such control is evident both in basic education and in initial and continuing teacher education, through movements such as Escola Sem Partido (ES?P – “School Without Party”) and programs such as the Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD – National Textbook and Teaching Material Program). In contrast, the recognition of the knowledge production processes by student-children within the school context, through the Philosophy of Children approach, stands out as an emancipatory curricular proposal, centered on listening and questioning, in opposition to standardized and exclusionary teaching models. In this sense, childhood—historically constructed and in constant re-signification—emerges in the contemporary educational scenario not only as a stage of development, but as a fertile field of cultural and social production in which curricula play a central role (Arroyo, 2013). Thus, the analysis indicates that teachers’ continuing education is a strategic space to strengthen professional autonomy and emancipation, and to promote inclusive, democratic, and anti-racist curricula. This fosters a broader understanding of these fields of dispute and reinforces the role of public schools as spaces of freedom, resistance, and social transformation that value both childhoods and teachers
Efeitos de um programa de exercícios físicos utilizando exergames no desenvolvimento motor amplo em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista
Get PDFIntroduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is classified in the literature as a disorder of human neurodevelopment and present in a unique way in each individual. It can alter various behaviors related to communication, speech, social interaction, repetitive movements, and fine and gross motor coordination. In this sense, various functional impairments are observed in people with the disorder. Because of these functional deficiencies, much research has been done on the motor functions and conditions of these individuals, given the detrimental impact that deficits in motor coordination and executive functions have on independence and the development of social skills, as well as their direct impact on health conditions and physical and mental integrity. Objective: To assess the gross motor development of children diagnosed with ASD before and after a period of therapeutic physiotherapy intervention using exergames as a tool. The study included nine prepubertal males between the ages of 7 and 10 who underwent a 12-week intervention with two weekly half-hour sessions of exergames. Results: A significant difference was observed in overall performance on the Global Motor Quotient and in subtests assessing object control and locomotor performance. Conclusion: The intervention using exergames as a therapeutic tool was the main factor responsible for improving the gross motor development of the children diagnosed with ASD.Introdução: O transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) é classificado como um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento humano e se apresenta de maneira particular em cada indivíduo, podendo alterar comportamentos diversos que envolvem a comunicação, a fala, interação social, as movimentações repetitivas e a coordenação motora fina e ampla. Neste sentido, prejuízos funcionais diversos são observados em pessoas com o transtorno. Por conta destas deficiências funcionais muito tem se pesquisado sobre as funções e condições motoras destes indivíduos visto o impacto prejudicial que os déficits na coordenação motora e funções executivas têm sobre a independência e desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais, além de afetar diretamente condições de saúde e integridade física e mental. Objetivo: Avaliar o desenvolvimento motor grosso de crianças diagnosticadas com TEA antes e após um período de intervenção terapêutica de fisioterapia, utilizando como ferramenta exergames. Métodos: Foram incluídos no estudo nove indivíduos do sexo masculino, pré-puberes, com idade entre 7 e 10 anos, que passaram por uma intervenção de 12 semanas, realizando duas sessões semanais de meia hora com exergames. Resultados: Observou-se diferença significativa no desempenho geral do quociente motor global e nos subtestes que avaliavam controle de objetos e desempenho locomotor. Conclusão: A intervenção com exergames como instrumento terapêutico foi uma colaboradora diferencial para a melhora do desenvolvimento motor grosso de crianças diagnosticadas com TEA
¿Existe lógica en la aplicación del castigo penal? Un estudio basado en el análisis económico del derecho penal
Get PDFThe purpose of this article is to bring Criminal Law and Economics closer together using the method of Economic Analysis of Law. The reference point for this research is the so-called “Chicago School,” the genesis of modern studies in Economic Analysis of Law and Criminal Law and Economics, with Gary Becker\u27s 1968 article as its theoretical framework. After immersing itself in the literature on the subject, this work assumed the existence of individual rationality in decision-making and, based on the postulates of cost-benefit analysis and Pareto efficiency as a way of exploring changes in the behavior of the rational offender who chooses to commit a crime, the hypothesis of an optimal criminal sanction was verified, which would serve as an incentive in the individual\u27s rational decision to avoid committing typical criminal offenses, with effects on general deterrence. Through a review of the literature, data analysis, and the results of empirical research on the subject, the study challenged the conclusion that custodial sentences are irrational and illustrated a new way of thinking about restrictive penalties and fines as drivers of general deterrence and Pareto equilibrium in the application of criminal sanctions.El propósito es acercar el Derecho Penal y la Economía utilizando el método del Análisis Económico del Derecho. El punto de referencia de esta investigación es la llamada "Escuela de Chicago", génesis de los modernos estudios de Análisis Económico del Derecho y de Derecho Penal y Economía, con el artículo de Gary Becker publicado en 1968 como marco teórico. Tras la inmersión en la literatura sobre el tema, este trabajo asumió la existencia de racionalidad individual en la toma de decisiones y, a partir de los postulados del análisis coste-beneficio y de la eficiencia de Pareto como forma de explorar los cambios en el comportamiento del delincuente racional que opta por delinquir, se verificó la hipótesis de una sanción penal óptima, que serviría de incentivo en la decisión racional del individuo para evitar la comisión de infracciones penales típicas, con efectos sobre la disuasión general. A través de la revisión de la literatura, del análisis de datos y de los resultados de investigaciones empíricas sobre el tema, el trabajo confrontó la conclusión de la irracionalidad de las penas privativas de libertad e ilustró una nueva forma de pensar las penas restrictivas y las multas como impulsoras de la disuasión general y del equilibrio paretiano en la aplicación de sanciones penales.El propósito de este artículo es acercar el Derecho Penal y la Economía utilizando el método del Análisis Económico del Derecho. El punto de referencia de esta investigación es la llamada "Escuela de Chicago", génesis de los modernos estudios de Análisis Económico del Derecho y de Derecho Penal y Economía, con el artículo de Gary Becker publicado en 1968 como marco teórico. Tras la inmersión en la literatura sobre el tema, este trabajo asumió la existencia de racionalidad individual en la toma de decisiones y, a partir de los postulados del análisis coste-beneficio y de la eficiencia de Pareto como forma de explorar los cambios en el comportamiento del delincuente racional que opta por delinquir, se verificó la hipótesis de una sanción penal óptima, que serviría de incentivo en la decisión racional del individuo para evitar la comisión de infracciones penales típicas, con efectos sobre la disuasión general. A través de la revisión de la literatura, del análisis de datos y de los resultados de investigaciones empíricas sobre el tema, el trabajo confrontó la conclusión de la irracionalidad de las penas privativas de libertad e ilustró una nueva forma de pensar las penas restrictivas y las multas como impulsoras de la disuasión general y del equilibrio paretiano en la aplicación de sanciones penales
A crise como oportunidade: estratégias do lobby mineral contra as normas ambientais
Get PDFThe interconnections between Law, State, and Power are widely studied in various theoretical fields. In this article, we investigate the strategies of incidence of the mining sector on the state agency, aiming to observe its influence on reducing the normative level of sector regulation and environmental protection in the country. It is argued that the mining sector has been using periods of economic and social crisis to stimulate and accelerate processes of flexibilization of environmental protection norms, treated as obstacles to the paradigm of development anchored in economic reprimarization. The temporal scope considers the incidences used during the pandemic period as a window to visualize the problem. The investigation is qualitative in nature, conducting literature review, documentary analysis, and clipping in four national portals, handling and organizing primary data to systematize the analysis axes. In the results, it is observed that there is an anti-environmentalism that manifests itself in four distinct lobbying strategies: i) fostering public officials to propagate the expansion of the mining sector; ii) promoting events where the defense of socio-environmental deregulation was mentioned as a measure to attract economic investments; iii) normative initiatives to deregulate socio-environmental protection in legal and infralegal scope; iv) management alignment initiatives to favor mineral expansion through public agencies. The articulation between these axes reveals an impoverishment of the pluralism of interests represented in the public sphere, since the business discourse tends to expand and colonize public debate from the perspective of private interests.As imbricações entre Direito, Estado e Poder são largamente estudadas em diversos campos teóricos. Neste artigo, investigam-se as estratégias de incidência do setor minerário na agência estatal, tendo como escopo observar sua influência para a redução do patamar normativo de regulação do setor e da tutela ambiental no país. Argumenta-se que o setor mineral vem se utilizando de períodos de crise econômica e social para estimular e acelerar processos de flexibilização das normas de proteção ambiental, tratadas como empecilhos ao paradigma do desenvolvimento ancorado na reprimarização econômica. O recorte temporal considera as incidências utilizadas durante o período pandêmico como janela de visualização da problemática. A investigação tem natureza qualitativa, realiza revisão de literatura, análise documental e clipping em quatro portais nacionais, manuseando e organizando dados primários para sistematizar os eixos de análise. Nos resultados, observa-se que há um antiambientalismo que se expressa em quatro distintas estratégias de lobby: i) o fomento para que agentes públicos propagandeiem a expansão do setor mineral; ii) a promoção de eventos em que a defesa da desregulamentação socioambiental foi mencionada como medida de atração de investimentos econômicos; iii) iniciativas normativas de desregulamentação da proteção socioambiental no âmbito legal e infralegal; iv) iniciativas de alinhamento de gestão para favorecer a expansão mineral por intermédio das agências públicas. A articulação entre estes eixos revela um empobrecimento do pluralismo de interesses representados na esfera pública, uma vez que o discurso empresarial tende a se ampliar e colonizar o debate público sob a ótica dos interesses privados
Paternalismo e promoção da saúde: (in)justiças epistêmicas e sociais
Get PDFIndividual attitudes influence public health issues, and it is essential that the government intervene to reduce inequalities and encourage healthy behaviors, even if this measure may be considered paternalistic. Taking this into account, the article analyzes the extent to which paternalism in regulatory actions can promote public health. In this sense, paternalism is questioned as a government measure aimed at protecting individuals from rational errors and promoting their health. The research problem analyzes the epistemic and social injustices related to paternalism and health promotion, considering current movements that seek to increase interest in and access to public and private health services. Methodologically, the approach is deductive, based on a review of literature, using bibliographic research and dialectical methods. In conclusion, it is observed that health awareness campaigns can increase inequalities, while nudging in public policies proves to be more effective in reducing these disparities, despite the controversies.As atitudes individuais influenciam os problemas de saúde pública, e é fundamental que o governo intervenha para diminuir as desigualdades e incentivar comportamentos saudáveis, mesmo que essa medida possa ser considerada paternalista. Levando isso em consideração, o artigo analisa em que medida o paternalismo nas ações regulatórias pode favorecer a saúde pública. Nesse sentido, questiona-se o paternalismo como uma medida governamental voltada a proteger os indivíduos de erros racionais e a promover sua saúde. O problema de pesquisa analisa as injustiças epistémicas e sociais relacionadas ao paternalismo e à promoção da saúde, considerando os movimentos atuais que buscam ampliar o interesse e o acesso aos serviços de saúde pública e privada. Metodologicamente, a abordagem é dedutiva, fundamentada na revisão da literatura, utilizando pesquisa bibliográfica e método dialético. Em conclusão, observa-se que as campanhas de conscientização em saúde podem aumentar as desigualdades, enquanto o nudging em políticas públicas se revela mais eficaz na redução dessas disparidades, apesar das controvérsias.
O papel da tutela jurídica na recuperação ambiental dos sítios arqueológicos: um estudo de caso em sambaquis de Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brasil
Get PDFThis article analyzes the evolution of the integration of pre-colonial archaeological sites, specifically sambaquis, into the territorial zoning guidelines and urban planning policies of the municipality of Joinville, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil. It addresses the research question: How have urban and rural zoning, along with municipal legislation, influenced the conservation of sambaquis over time? To answer this, a comparative analysis is conducted between the environmental assessment carried in 2000 and the current scenario defined by Complementary Laws No. 470/2017 and No. 620/2022, spanning a 23-year interval. The methodology is based on literature review, document analysis, and photointerpretation of the recorded sites. The results
show that, although there have been advances in urban legislation and the creation of Conservation Units, significant gaps remain in the effective protection of archaeological sites. It was found that most sambaquis are still located in zones lacking specific safeguarding guidelines. Furthermore, recent urban planning has neglected the archaeological dimension of these territories, jeopardizing the preservation of these cultural assets in the face of urban expansion. The study highlights the need for greater integration between archaeological heritage management policies and municipal territorial planning instruments.Este artigo analisa a evolução da inserção dos sítios arqueológicos pré-coloniais, especificamente sambaquis, nas diretrizes de ordenamento territorial e planejamento urbano do município de Joinville/SC. Parte-se do problema de pesquisa: como o zoneamento urbano e rural, bem como a legislação municipal, têm influenciado a conservação dos sambaquis ao longo do tempo? Para tanto, realizou-se uma análise comparativa entre o diagnóstico ambiental realizado em 2000 e o cenário atual delineado pelas Leis Complementares nº 470/2017 e nº 620/2022, com um intervalo temporal de 23 anos. A metodologia baseou-se em revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e fotointerpretação dos sítios registrados. Os resultados indicam que, embora tenha havido avanços na legislação urbanística e na criação de Unidades de Conservação, ainda persistem lacunas significativas na proteção efetiva dos sítios arqueológicos. Constatou-se que a maioria dos sítios permanece situada em zonas sem diretrizes específicas de salvaguarda. Além disso, observou-se que o planejamento urbano recente negligência a dimensão arqueológica dos territórios, comprometendo a preservação desses bens culturais frente à expansão urbana. O estudo reforça a necessidade de integração entre a política de gestão do patrimônio arqueológico e os instrumentos de planejamento territorial municipal
Local Authorities and Public Finances: Between Administrative Autonomy and the Demands of European Union Economic Governance
Get PDFLocal authorities in Portugal have played an important role in the development and dynamization of the territories. Since its constitution, through the strengthening of its powers with the revolution of April 25, 1974, to more recent times, local power has managed to adapt to the realities of the times, greatly influenced by constant popular pressure, as a result of the proximity that they have with the people. It is in this contexto that this study intends to develop the role of local authorities and their impact, with current legislation, particularly regarding the powers attributed at the level of local and regional finances, special into the topic at the level of the autonomous region of the Azores.
Keywords: Local finances. Authorities. Regional development. Territorial cohesion. Sources of financing.Local authorities in Portugal have played an important role in the development and dynamization of the territories. Since its constitution, through the strengthening of its powers with the revolution of April 25, 1974, to more recent times, local power has managed to adapt to the realities of the times, greatly influenced by constant popular pressure, as a result of the proximity that they have with the people. It is in this context that this study intends to develop the role of local authorities and their impact, with current legislation, particularly regarding the powers attributed at the level of local and regional finances, emphasising the need to reconcile constitutional autonomy with the financial constraints imposed by European Union economic governance. The impact of the European Union\u27s economic governance on the fiscal responsibility of local authorities is also addressed, demanding greater budgetary rigour and compliance with EU criteria. The paper argues that strengthening legal and financial instruments for municipalities is essential to achieving a balanced multilevel governance framework in Portugal. The importance of effective coordination between levels of government is emphasised, promoting a balance between local autonomy and the financial discipline imposed by the European legal framework
Panorama da Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo
No full textEste artigo investiga a hipótese de que os municípios que possuem dinâmica imobiliária podem ter se interessado mais por regular o instrumento da Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Utiliza método cartográfico, produz análises espacializadas da produção imobiliária (lançamentos imobiliários EMBRAESP); identificação e analisa a regulação urbana e seus parâmetros. Os resultados mostram que dentre os 31 municípios com produção imobiliária no período analisado, 20 regulamentaram, sinalizando que hoje, a ideia de cobrar pelos direitos de construir estrutura-se conceitual, teoricamente e empiricamente robusta. No entanto encontramos 11 cidades com dinâmica imobiliária e sem regulação, outras sem nenhum dos dois, parâmetros permissivos, ou inócuos, muita isenção e descontos na cobrança. A calibragem permissiva dos parâmetros sugere um afastamento de parâmetros de “comando e controle” do zoneamento ou de definição de “forma urbana” – como gabarito, etc. – e uma aproximação das lógicas econômicas e de mercado. O estudo sugere que haja cooperação entre as cidades, um “regrar metropolitano”, extrapolando os limites do município dado pelo planejamento urbano após o Estatuto da Cidade, evitando a “guerra de parâmetros” que a lógica econômica do instrumento impõe