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沖縄の時間意識と文化の時間性について－旧暦、気象季語・天気ことわざの観点からの一考察－
No full textThis paper investigates time consciousness in Okinawa historically. Since Okinawans use the lunar calendar, lunar calendar, weather season words and weather proverbs are analyzed using the semiotic and phenomenological/hermeneutic analyses. The lunar calendar helps unite the Okinawan community and plays a significant role in modern Okinawan lives. The lunar calendar symbolizes the periodicity of rhythms which are in harmony with nature. Gebser calls the calender "the mythical consciousness structure." The analysis of weather season words and proverbs shows that Okinawans perceive time by looking at the signs of nature such as clouds, wind, rain, sun, moon, typhoon, and the blooming of flowers and the growth of animals. My analysis reveals that some of the weather season words and proverbs are closely related to the annual events and festivals. In other words, Okinawan people live according to the changing rhythms of seasons and the annual events and festivals related to the agricultural harvests, especially to rice crop. Cyclical time is manifested in the lives of people who are closely connected to nature, in the time conscious world of those who do physical work, such as farming and fishing, and in the relationship of nature and human, and human and human which can be seen in the annual events and festivals. Cyclical time is also continuous and everlasting, which does not have a beginning and end, but includes a "yuragiyuku jikan", "swaying time" which does not go directly at the same speed seen as in the linear time.departmental bulletin pape
戦争と平和をめぐる沖縄県民の対米国態度に関する研究
Get PDFOkinawa is burdened by 75 percent of the entire US military bases in Japan. In contrast to mainland Japan's average, the load percentage of Okinawa is 497 times greater. How do the people of Okinawa feel about Americans and the U.S. military bases in relation to war and peace? The purpose of this research is to review Okinawans' impressions of the United States. The study was implemented by questionnaire and conducted a survey of the residents of Okinawa and obtained 2285 effective answers (907 men, 1331 women, 47 others). The main findings are as follows: 1. Twenty-eight percent of the people answered that the Japan-U.S. Security Treaty plays a role in maintaining peace in Japan, and about 32 percent evaluated the Treaty negatively. 2. Sixty-eight percent of the people think that the patriotism in the U.S. is pushing the nation into war. 3. Fifty-seven percent of the people thought that Americans were warlike. Americans are thought to conduct war for mere reasons such as honor or pride. 4. Twenty-six percent of the people thought the US military bases' public relations effort might change Okinawan resentment against the military. However, most of the people stand neutral. 5. Younger and older generations hold pessimistic opinions about the U.S. and mid-lifers stay rather flexible. 6. The Liberal Democratic Party supporters, the Komeito supporters, and the Communist Party supporters take optimistic views of the U.S., and Minshuto, Shaminto and Shakai-taishuto supporters take a pessimistic view of the U.S.departmental bulletin pape
Individual Religious Freedom under the Constitution of Japan
Get PDF大日本国憲法(明治憲法)の苦い経験と深い良心の呵責から、日本国憲法には、宗教の自由を保障する特別な規定が取り入れられた。日本国憲法は、1946年に公布され、1947年に効力を発した。この保障には、二つの分野が含まれている。個人の宗教の自由と政教分離の原則である。個人の宗教の自由は、第20条1項の前半に｢信教の自由は、何人に対してもこれを保障する｣とうたわれている。ひき続き、第20条2項は、｢何人も、宗教上の行為、祝典、儀式又は行事に参加することを強制されない｣と明言している。第20粂1項の後半と3項、そして第89条は、宗教と国家の分離原則にのっとり、政治と宗教のいかなる関係をも否定し、その結果、適切な宗教の自由の保障を打ち立てている。この稿では、今まで解釈され、活用されてきた個人の宗教の自由の保障に焦点をあて、論を進める。departmental bulletin pape
復帰に関する沖縄の民衆意識
Get PDFBased on a questionnaire survey conducted in September 2002 for 2,100 Okinawan subjects of five age groups (ranging from 17 to 60 years old or over), the study aims to examine their social awareness. It mainly reviewed the correlation between their attitudes toward the war, autonomy, the human rights in Okinawa and the age groups. The main results were as follows: 1. Many of them thought that the presence of the U.S. military bases in Okinawa is the primary cause of crises such as disturbance of peace, suppression of local autonomy, and violation of human rights. 2. Many of them are rather tolerant of the Japanese Self-Defense Forces stationed in Okinawa. 3. Many of them gave a favorable evaluation for the Japanese government's policies on Okinawa's social welfare. 4. The correlations among the age and the attitudes towards the war, autonomy, and the human rights are statistically significant: the higher-age bracket had explicit opinions; contrary, the youngerage layer showed less concern. 5. Many of them avoided to comment strongly on the issue of re-annexation of Okinawa by Japan: most of them answered; "it was neither good nor bad."departmental bulletin pape
『怒りのぶどう』、読みの層、そして最終場面
Get PDFThe final scene of any fiction can be debatable from the viewpoint of its theme and structure. What additional comment can we make regarding the final scene of The Grapes of Wrath? The final scene where Rose of Sharon, the Joads' daughter, gives her breast to a starving and dying man, has been discussed about its relevancy to the development of the subject matter. How we can read the final scene will give the reader a key to appreciate the novel to the fifth level of reading. So, in this paper, I will argue "five layers" of reading, especially the fifth level of statement in The Grapes of Wrath, which is closely related with Steinbeck's "non-teleological breakthrough" concept. By using it as a tool for discussing "a new awareness" that comes up in the souls of Tom Joad and Rose of Sharon, I will conclude that, in the final scene, Rose of Sharon has broken through the hard and tragic experiences to understanding the Whole; that is, "a new awareness" that gives her an ecological perspective in this context.departmental bulletin pape
現象学・解釈学的アプローチからの異文化適応研究について－日本人企業駐在員の妻たちの調査を基に－
No full textThis study investigated what the phenomenology and hermeneutic methods can do for the studies of cross-cultural adaptation by using the data from the wives of Japanese corporate sojourners returning from the U.S. The result revealed three things: 1) to bracket the existing theories and to see things in a new light, 2) to provide the insight of how the self relates to the outer world in an unfamiliar situation, and 3) to find out the essence of the phenomena of culture shock. Phenomenological speaking, the reason Japanese wives have reintegration problems after returning home is that by leaving the U.S., they are removed from the familiar, in terms of space and time, and placed in an unfamiliar environment as a result of which their life is upset. Space and time is a transcendental manifold which shape all patterns of behavior. The difference in space and time shows not only the physical difference of space and time, but also the difference of the sensory transformation of human beings. In other words, how the human beings in a culture interacts with the outer world through the senses. More precisely, it reveals the difference of how they get knowledge from the outer world, and finally leads to the difference of how they exist in a culture.departmental bulletin pape
沖縄県における小・中学校の「読み聞かせ」活動の現状と課題
Get PDFThis text is one of the researches to pursue the possibility of the language activity, namely in Japanese "YOMIKIKASE", as a type of language art. At the same time, it has the purpose to try to ask the meaning of the language activeity "YOMIKIKASE". At this time, three types of questionnaire surveys were done to the elementary school and junior high school in Okinawa Prefecture. This text analyzes these investigation results, and offers various propals.departmental bulletin pape
｢カクテル・パーティー」と戦後沖縄の言論
Get PDFこの論考は、第57回芥川賞受賞作、大城立裕著「カクテル・パーティー」を、それが書かれた1960年代後半の時代状況との関わりの中で捉える。特に当時の刑事法－刑法と刑事訴訟法－に見られる特異性と不当性を指摘し、こうした刑事司法制度のあり方が、「カクテル・パーティー」の構造と意味に深く影響を与えていることを論じる。執筆後40年近くも過ぎたが、この物語は、沖縄に住む人々の政治的意識や行動に大きな影響を与え続けている。「カクテル・パーティー」を厳密に読み解き、今日の我々自身の政治社会的言論のあり方を問い直したい。departmental bulletin pape
American Myths: Ideals or Infections "An idea is something you have; an ideology is something that has you." ?Morris Berman
No full textこの論考では、様々な米国の利害を広範に吟味し、それらが国際マスメディアや歴史を扱うテキストの中で、いかに現れているのかを明らかにする。米国で広く受け入れられているイデオロギーが、どのようにメディアや教科書などで再生産されるのか、そしてこれらイデオロギーの搬出口が、米国民の一般目的に利するか否かを吟味する。この論考の目的は、近年の米国史にまつわる話が、米国人が目にするニュースメディア企業の報道をいかに反映しているのかを解明することである。歴史とメディアは、互いに交換可能になってしまい、事実であろうとなかろうと、一方で見られるイメージは、他方のイメージを補強するのである。departmental bulletin pape