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Formação em Gestão de Alojamentos Turísticos: Estudo de caso da Escola Superior de Turismo e Hotelaria
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Wayfinding as a Universal Language for Inclusivity in Hospitality and Tourism
Get PDFTitle: Wayfinding as a Universal Language for Inclusivity in Hospitality and Tourism
Wendi Hulme, Fanshawe College, Canada.
Kristi Julian, Ph.D., Middle Tennessee State University, USA.
Key Words | Virtual Exchange, Intercultural and Global Competence, Experiential Learning, Wayfinding, Inclusivity, Universal Language
Abstract |
The requirement for multi-lingual skills in all realms of public domain is more than just an asset, but a necessary component to ensure inclusive and equitable experiences for all. This is especially true in international experiences, such as hospitality and tourism settings. In this presentation, visual language will be presented as the universal language that removes typical language barriers that may occur due to a lack or minimal fluency in multiple languages. For example, a tour guide fluent in German, Portuguese, and English, guiding a group of tourists who only speak Arabic.
Visual language is presented as a method for intercultural and global communication within the context of tourism and hospitality via Wayfinding. Wayfinding is a comprehensive approach of orienting people in and through a space, providing a frame of reference to identify immediate location and intended destinations. Avoiding disorientation is critical to prevent associated stress and anxiety (Zimring, in press). This method facilitates the ability of people to competently, confidently and comfortably move between locations in and around objects, people, and spaces. Whether the wayfinding cue is literal, contextual, graphic or textural, the visual construct of Wayfinding is what makes it a universal language.
As an extension of the ProGlobe Interdisciplinary and International Virtual Exchange project between institutions from USA, Canada, Portugal and Germany, Interior Design students and Tourism and Hospitality students from USA and Canada collaborated through an experiential learning activity to develop wayfinding solutions for hospitality and tourism spaces. Expanding upon the student learning and experiences from the ProGlobe project focused on Promoting the Global Exchange of Ideas on Sustainable Goals, Cultural Diversity and Inclusivity, four student teams reviewed and evaluated the communication and navigation challenges presented to a diverse set of patrons in a hypothetical hospitality scenario. Each group addressed the scenario through the lens of a different wayfinding cue to develop their solution using visual language.
Students who participated in both the virtual exchange project and experiential activity learned that the integration of visual language for intercultural communication can be transferred to scenarios universally, beyond tourism, and demonstrated their ability to transfer this learned knowledge and skills to subsequent projects. Representative students will join the authors of this presentation to share their perspectives and discuss how they developed universal language and communication skills and gained cultural competence for diverse tourists in local and global communities
Interpreting ethnic and minority cultures for heritage tourism in Poland
Get PDFObjectives The development of tourism in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989 should be considered in the context of transition processes that created new conditions for mobility and returned the region to the world map of tourist destinations. On the one hand, we can talk about the structural dimension, including the transformation of institutions and entities responsible for the development of tourism in individual countries of the European Union and beyond, and on the other hand, about the specificity of the tourism market offer in the perspective of renegotiating the past (Banaszkiewicz and Owsianowska, 2022). In this project, we refer to the historical multiculturalism of the region, which was erased from the official public discourse in the post-war era. Of particular interest are the ways in which cultural minorities are represented in tourism practices and performances, which are the result of the revival of local and ethnic identities. What deserves special attention in this process is the so-called dissonant/difficult heritage, which includes the legacy of wars, the Holocaust and totalitarian times (Tunbridge and Ashworth, 1996; Diekman and Smith, 2015; Owsianowska, 2018; Potz and Schefler, 2023). The main goal of this study is to understand how elements of ethnic and minority cultures are incorporated into the tourism promotion of Central and Eastern European countries, on the example of southern and south-eastern regions of Poland.
Methodology The theoretical context of qualitative research in the presented project is the anthropological perspective. The case studies included in the presentation discuss how Jewish heritage is being renegotiated, reactivated and restored in the memory of local communities. Examples are three destinations in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship: Kraków, Mszana Dolna and Dobczyce and two destinations in the Lublin Voivodeship: Lublin and Kazimierz Dolny. The first stage of the project was desk research, resulting in identification of themes and coding. Then field research in the above-mentioned locations were conducted and the methods include observation, participant observation, interviews with creators and managers of heritage tourism products. Finally a multimodal discourse analysis of the collected material was undertaken, based on narratives of participants of festivals, workshops, performances and thematic trips.
Main Results and Contributions The interpretation of cultural heritage, discussed in the proposal, relates to tourist activities leading to places or events for which the main motivation for the visit is the legacy of various ethnic and religious groups inhabiting the southern and south-eastern Poland before World War II. Heritage is defined not as specific resources, but as a dynamic relationship between the past and the present, with particular emphasis on the recipients of cultural heritage attractions and the narratives in which they talk about their experiences and which they share with others in a variety of media. The case studies included in the presentation discuss how Jewish heritage is renegotiated, reactivated, and restored in the memory of the local community, using the examples of destinations in Malopolska region (Kraków, Mszana Dolna, Dobczyce) and Lubelskie region (Lublin, Kazimierz Dolny). The results show that the involvement of the representatives of inhabitants is crucial in the commemorative practices and educational, cultural, recreational or similar performances.
Limitations The study is based on chosen destinations and events in Poland; therefore one should consider the particular characteristics of the socio-cultural and political context. Moreover, this is a qualitative and interpretative research, conducted from an anthropological perspective; the study does not refer to quantitative data and methodologies.
Conclusions The recipients of heritage are both visitors and residents, who often decide what elements of the past will be accepted, adapted, promoted, and made available to others. This relationship includes, of course, the role of the mediators of experiences, such as professional guides, local stakeholders and managers. However, the modern approach to the dissonant heritage interpretation attributes key importance to bottom-up initiatives and the involvement of the local community in the activities carried out which is evident in all cases presented in this project.
References
Banaszkiewicz, M. & Owsianowska, S. (2022). Poland, [in:] A. Gohar, ed., Tourism Governance. A Critical Discourse on a Global Industry. De Gruyter Studies in Tourism, De Gruyter, 179-196; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110638141-011.
Diekman, A. & Smith, M.K., eds. (2015). Ethnic and Minority Cultures as Tourist Attractions. Aspects of Tourism: 65, Channel View Publications.
Owsianowska, S. (2018). Mediating Central and Eastern Europe in Tourism Discourse, [in:] S. Owsianowska & M. Banaszkiewicz, eds., Anthropology of Tourism in Central and Eastern Europe. Bridging Worlds. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, 143-161.
Potz, P. & Scheffler, N. (2023). Integrated Approaches to 20th Century Dissonant Heritage in Europe. Multi-vocal perspectives and strategies explored in the Urban Agenda. In Situ [online], 49, accessed 19 February 2024. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/insitu/36614; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/insitu.36614
Tunbridge, J. & Ashworth, G. (1996). Dissonant Heritage: The Management of the Past as a Resource in Conflict, Chichester, Wiley
Digital technologies as tools for the sustainable management of coastal tourist destinations: the case of Barra and Costa Nova
Get PDFObjectives | As tourism is a growing sector, with 80% of its development occurring in coastal areas where ecosystems are extremely sensitive (Lins-De-Barros, 2017; Moritz et al., 2014), it is crucial to consider sustainable approaches to minimize negative impacts and maximize positive ones. Although the theme of sustainability is increasingly recognized and is a highly important topic, it has not yet been fully explored (Pan et al., 2018; Santos et al., 2022). With the growing implementation of technology in tourism, it is important to study the best ways to use these technologies to ensure a balanced approach in destination management for their sustainability (El Archi et al., 2023). Most studies on sustainable destination management focus solely on sustainability as important. Thus, this article aims to investigate how the integration of emerging technologies in the management of coastal destinations can enhance sustainable practices.
Methodology | The article is still in the development phase, and the techniques to be adopted have not been defined at this stage. However, a comprehensive understanding of the integration of technologies in the sustainable management of coastal destinations is intended. The empirical study will take place in Barra and Costa Nova, areas belonging to the municipality of Ílhavo, Aveiro district. The application of semi-structured interviews to various experts in the fields of tourism and technology is envisaged to extract in-depth qualitative insights into the perceived benefits of technologies, challenges faced by coastal destinations, and potential opportunities related to the adoption of emerging technologies in such tourist destinations. Additionally, semi-structured interviews are also planned with different stakeholders involved in destination management, including destination managers, residents, and tourists. This survey will provide a broader perspective on the viewpoints of the various stakeholders in the destination management under study. The integrated analysis of these data will facilitate the development of a more holistic understanding of how emerging technologies can be effectively integrated into the management of coastal destinations, promoting sustainable practices, and meeting the expectations and needs of different stakeholders.
Key Findings and Contributions | With the development of this study, it is expected to identify the main sustainability challenges in destinations with the particularities of coastal areas, seeking technological solutions and contributing to the development of sustainability issues (Pan et al., 2018; Santos et al., 2022). By interviewing renowned experts and various stakeholders, the aim is to capture a variety of perspectives on the challenges, opportunities, and expectations associated with the integration of emerging technologies in the management of coastal destinations. It is anticipated that the qualitative results of these interviews will provide important insights into the perceptions and experiences of different stakeholders. The study seeks to contribute to the effective implementation of strategies guiding the integration of technologies, fostering a conscious and informed approach to the management of coastal destinations based on sustainability best practices.
Limitations | Despite the anticipated positive contribution of this study to the development of literature and tourism activity, it is important to acknowledge some inherent limitations in the research. Firstly, interviews with experts and stakeholders will represent a limited sample of the diverse perspectives existing in the industry, and therefore, conclusions drawn from these interactions may not fully encompass the complexity of all the dynamics involved. Additionally, the technological and touristic landscapes can undergo rapid changes, necessitating continuous updates to the recommendations and strategies proposed. Furthermore, result generalization may be limited, as each coastal destination has its unique characteristics. Given its qualitative nature, the methodology itself presents a limitation, as responses rely on the honesty and perception of the participants.
Conclusions | This study will provide a comprehensive analysis of the integration of emerging technologies in the management of coastal destinations. Visitors are drawn to these areas for their beaches, landscapes, and the possibility of engaging in various activities (Moritz et al., 2014). However, the tourist development in coastal regions increases the vulnerability of ecosystems, raising concerns related to environmental pressure (Lins-De-Barros, 2017; Moritz et al., 2014). The adoption and application of digital technologies in sustainable tourist destinations are in their early stages, requiring more theoretical and conceptual research, as it is an ever-evolving area (El Archi et al., 2023; Özköse et al., 2023). Tourism in Coastal Zones, being directly related to the quality of its environment, requires a balance between that environment and economic, social, and environmental development (Lu et al., 2019). For the sake of sustainable tourism development, it is crucial to have a carefully designed plan for coastal zone management to minimize often overlooked negative impacts (Moritz et al., 2014). The results highlight not only the significant opportunities that arise with the adoption of emerging technologies but also the intrinsic challenges to this process. The diversity of perspectives from stakeholders, ranging from destination managers to local communities and tourists, will enrich the overall understanding with different expectations and concerns, allowing for the grounding of suggested strategies.Objetivos | Sendo o turismo um setor em crescimento e 80% desenvolvido em zonas costeiras cujos ecossistemas são extremamente sensíveis (Lins-De-Barros, 2017; Moritz et al., 2014) é crucial que se pensem em formas sustentáveis para minimizar os seus impactos negativos e maximizar os impactos positivos. Embora a temática da sustentabilidade seja cada vez mais reconhecida e seja um tópico de elevada importância, não foi ainda totalmente explorada (Pan et al., 2018; Santos et al., 2022). Com a crescente implementação da tecnologia no turismo é importante que se estudem as melhores formas de utilização dessas tecnologias para garantir uma abordagem equilibrada na gestão dos destinos em prol da sustentabilidade dos mesmos (El Archi et al., 2023). A maioria dos estudos sobre a gestão de destinos sustentável aponta apenas a sustentabilidade como importante. Desta forma, este artigo tem como objetivo central investigar de que forma a integração das tecnologias emergentes na gestão de destinos costeiros pode potenciar práticas sustentáveis.
Metodologia | O artigo encontra-se ainda em fase de desenvolvimento, não tendo sido definidas nesta etapa as técnicas que serão adotadas. Contudo, pretende-se uma compreensão abrangente da integração de tecnologias na gestão sustentável de destinos costeiros. O estudo empírico terá lugar na Barra e na Costa Nova, zonas pertencentes ao município de Ílhavo, distrito de Aveiro. Prevê-se a aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturada a diferentes especialistas na área do turismo e das tecnologias como forma de extrair insights qualitativos profundos sobre os benefícios percebidos das tecnologias, desafios enfrentados pelos destinos costeiros e oportunidades potenciais relacionadas à adoção de tecnologias emergentes neste tipo de destinos turísticos. A par disso, prevê-se também a aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas a diferentes stakeholders que atuam da gestão de destinos, abrangendo gestores dos destinos, residentes locais e turistas. Este levantamento proporcionará uma visão mais ampla das perspetivas dos diferentes intervenientes da gestão do destino em estudo. A análise integrada desses dados permitirá o desenvolvimento de uma visão mais holística sobre a forma de como as tecnologias emergentes podem ser integradas na gestão de destinos costeiros de forma eficaz, promovendo práticas sustentáveis e atendendo às expectativas e necessidades das diferentes partes interessadas.
Principais resultados e contributos | Com a elaboração deste estudo, é esperado que se identifiquem os principais desafios de sustentabilidade em destinos com as particularidades das zonas costeiras, procurando respostas tecnológicas e contribuindo para o desenvolvimento da temática da sustentabilidade (Pan et al., 2018; Santos et al., 2022). Ao entrevistar especialistas de renome e diversos stakeholders, procura-se captar uma variedade de perspetivas sobre os desafios, oportunidades e expectativas associadas à integração das tecnologias emergentes na gestão de destinos costeiros. Espera-se que os resultados qualitativos dessas entrevistas forneçam insights importantes sobre as perceções e experiências dos diferentes intervenientes. O estudo procura contribuir para a implementação eficaz de estratégias que guiem a integração de tecnologias, fomentando uma abordagem consciente e informada na gestão de destinos costeiros, fundamentada em boas práticas de sustentabilidade.
Limitações | Apesar de se prever que este estudo contribua positivamente para o desenvolvimento da literatura e para a atividade turística, é importante reconhecer algumas limitações inerentes à pesquisa. Em primeiro lugar, as entrevistas com especialistas e stakeholders refletirão uma amostra limitada das diversas perspetivas existentes no setor, pelo que as conclusões derivadas dessas interações podem não abranger completamente a complexidade de todas as dinâmicas envolvidas. Para além disso, os panoramas tecnológico e turístico podem sofrer mudanças rápidas, pelo que é necessária uma constante atualização das recomendações e estratégias a serem propostas. Além disso, a generalização dos resultados pode ser limitada, uma vez que cada destino costeiro tem as suas particularidades. Uma vez qualitativa, a própria metodologia apresenta uma limitação, sendo que as respostas dependem da honestidade e da perceção dos participantes.
Conclusões | Este estudo proporcionará uma análise abrangente da integração de tecnologias emergentes na gestão de destinos costeiros. Os visitantes são atraídos para estas zonas pelas suas praias, pela paisagem e pela possibilidade de realizarem diversas atividades (Moritz et al., 2014). No entanto, este desenvolvimento turístico nas regiões costeiras aumenta a fragilidade dos ecossistemas, gerando preocupações relacionadas com a pressão ambiental (Lins-De-Barros, 2017; Moritz et al., 2014). A adoção e a aplicação de tecnologias digitais em destinos turísticos sustentáveis está a dar os primeiros passos, exigindo mais investigações teóricas e conceptuais, uma vez que é uma área em constante evolução (El Archi et al., 2023; Özköse et al., 2023). O Turismo em Zonas Costeiras, estando diretamente relacionado com a qualidade do seu ambiente, requer que exista um equilíbrio entre esse mesmo ambiente e o desenvolvimento económico, social e ambiental (Lu et al., 2019). Em prol de um desenvolvimento turístico sustentável, é crucial que exista um plano desenhado para a gestão das zonas costeiras, de forma a minimizar os impactos negativos que são, muitas vezes, ignorados (Moritz et al., 2014). Os resultados destacam não apenas as oportunidades significativas que surgem com a adoção de tecnologias emergentes, mas também os desafios intrínsecos a esse processo. A diversidade de perspetivas dos stakeholders, desde gestores de destinos até comunidades locais e turistas, enriquecerá a compreensão global com diferentes expectativas e preocupações, o que permitirá a fundamentação das estratégias a ser sugeridas
Are destination perceptions and recommendation intentions the same for residents, domestic and international visitors? A case study of the city of Aveiro
Get PDF Objectives | Destination image is a subjective construct, and the way in which different groups perceive it differs (Casali et al., 2021). Previous studies concluded that domestic and international visitors’ perceptions of a destination tend to diverge (Iordanova & Stylidis, 2019). Also, residents are recognized as key informants that could influence visitors’ perceptions of the destination, and so it is important to know their image of the place they live in (Stylidis, 2022; Woosnam et al., 2020). In this context, the objective of this study is to analyse and compare perceptions of a destination of three groups (i.e. residents, domestic and international visitors) and their intentions to recommend (i.e. cognitive, affective image and intention to recommend the destination to friends and relatives).
Methodology | This is an exploratory study carried out in the context of a coastal tourist destination, the city of Aveiro (Portugal). In this study, a quantitative approach was adopted to analyse image variations and recommendation intentions between the three groups. Data were collected from 1033 usable questionnaire surveys from Aveiro (Portugal) residents (n = 307), domestic visitors (n = 381) and international visitors (n = 345), between August and October 2019 in the city centre, using heterogeneous purposive sampling. The questionnaire was self-administered, and participants were approached at a random day/time. The representativeness of the sample was increased by applying the questionnaire either during weekdays or weekends, at different times of day. Respondents were approached in the city centre, near the Aveiro canals, where most tourist experiences occur, and this was thus deemed an appropriate place to collect their impressions regarding the construct involved in the study. Data protection was assured since the survey is anonymous and the confidentiality of the responses was assured. Destination image attributes were defined using established scales. All items were assessed using a five-point Likert scale “0 = totally disagree” to “5 = totally agree”. The data analyses were carried out using SPSS v.25 and adopted the one-way ANOVA procedure, with Tuckey and Games-Howell post-hoc tests, which are considered the most suitable when groups are of different sizes (Field, 2017). These tests were then carried out to examine differences between the three sample groups (i.e. residents, domestic and international visitors) regarding cognitive and affective image and intention to recommend Aveiro to friends and relatives.
Main Results and Contributions | The sample included respondents aged over 18 years old.
The three groups are mainly composed by women (residents – 57%; domestic – 58.5% and international – 63.2%). More than 50% of residents and domestic visitors are in the age range 18–34 years old and the international visitors in the range 18–44 years old. All groups are dominated by participants with university or higher studies; however, it is in the residents group where the highest percentage can be observed (i.e. 89%). The results indicate that there are significant differences in most of the attributes of cognitive image and affective image, as well as in recommendation intentions between the groups. Further, they show that the most valuable attributes for the three groups are scenic beauty, interesting natural heritage, a secure and safe place, friendly local people and ease of access. It is also revealed that domestic visitors have higher intentions to recommend the destination to friends and relatives (M = 4.67) when compared with the other two groups (residents M = 4.1 and international M = 4.52), which can be related to the fact that this group includes 77% of repeat visitors that know the city well. The international group is the opposite, being mainly composed of first-time visitors (79%). The fact that they are the group that value local friendly people most (M = 4.37) when compared with the other two (domestic M = 4.21 and residents M = 4.09) could be an interesting result as considering residents as friendly local people could promote resident–visitor interactions; residents are also considered key informants for visitors as they are seen as being more knowledgeable than other informants (Stylidis et al., 2022).
In this study, the aim was to evaluate the perceptions of three distinct groups of residents and visitors (domestic and international) regarding a coastal tourist destination. It contributes to providing some strategic information for destination managers and planners as it reveals relevant information regarding the way residents and visitors perceive the destination and adopt recommendation intentions.
Limitations |This study has several limitations. One is related to the generalization of the results, which is limited. The study was carried out in one Portuguese coastal city in an urban context and during the peak season, with the effect of tourism pressure, and the results could be different in low season. Another is that is an exploratory study and control variables, e.g. gender, were not considered. Also, it would be interesting to replicate the study after the COVID-19 pandemic to assess whether the results reveal differences and also to adopt a longitudinal approach, collecting low season data to assess if there are differences in perceptions.
Conclusions | Residents, domestic and international visitors play an important role in a tourist destination. Their image perceptions of a destination or the place they live in could have several repercussions for the destination economy, as destination image is recognized as a powerful tool for the tourism industry (Afshardoost & Eshaghi, 2020). Residents are ambassadors that can establish an interaction with visitors, which can influence their perceptions of the place (Stylidis et al., 2022). Visitors are important assets for tourist destinations as they contribute to their economy (Stylidis et al., 2017). The way the three groups perceive image and adopt intentions to recommend the destination to their friends and relatives are of key relevance for destination promotion. The value of this study lies in making destination managers and planners aware of the importance of residents, domestic and international visitors’ image perceptions and intentions for the destination dynamics in the tourism market
Cultivating Change: Exploring the Positive Impacts of Regenerative Tourism on Local Food Systems
Get PDFRecent studies demonstrate that there is no universal definition of regenerative tourism (Bellato et al., 2023). Notwithstanding, some approaches argue that regenerative tourism goes beyond sustainability, as it focuses on tourists leaving the places better than they found them (Duxbury et al., 2020). Related activities have the potential to revitalise and regenerate destinations by creating a cycle of positive impacts on local people and their economies, regenerating local culture and biodiversity, through authentic, unique, and memorable travel experiences (CBI, 2022). It is a holistic view and understanding that the future of tourism development includes local communities, the environment, and the commitment of visitors to the preservation and protection of natural, social, and cultural dimensions of the place (Fusté-Forné, & Hussain, 2022) and supporting the long-term renewal of social and natural environments (Dredge, 2022). Despite the absence of an academic definition for the term “regenerative tourism”, there are innovative tourism experiences that can be addressed as transformational as they create net positive effects by regenerating cultural, natural, social or economic ecosystems. Food, and food tourism play a crucial role, as every destination has unique gastronomic traditions that offer meaningful experiences with local culture. In this context, regenerative gastronomic tourism practices can create the opportunity to bring small local food producers into the tourism ecosystem, by creating new, more sustainable business models. The objectives of this study are: i) to develop a conceptual framework for the study of Regenerative Tourism practices, providing a solid methodological approach; ii) to conduct an exploratory analysis of the concept of Regenerative Tourism and emerging practices, particularly within food producers and the tourism ecosystem through relevant case studies illustrating regenerative initiatives, providing valuable guidance for destinations seeking to adopt Regenerative Food Tourism principles and practices; iii) to empower local food producers and to bring them into the tourism ecosystem through regenerative food-based tourism experiences contributing to a more resilient and regenerative global tourism industry
Introdução: novas abordagens em linguística contrastiva. Da teoria à aplicação
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O futuro de conjuntivo nas orações condicionais introduzidas por si; uma área de dificuldade para lusófonos aprendentes de ELE
No full textThe portuguese future subjunctive possesses a great vitality, in contrast to its disuse in the Spanish language. The analysis of its use in conditional clauses introduced by se/si shows how the system of verb tenses/modes is organized according to similar, but not identical, criteria in both languages. The differences verified in this work by the Contrastive Analysis constitute the area of difficulty in SFS learning for Portuguese speakers, and these difficulties are evidenced not only by the transfer of the future subjunctive through calcs or hybrid/creative forms, but also by a restructuring of verb tenses/modes of this syntactic context in the students’ interlanguage, as can be seen in the studies referred to in this work. Therefore, it is intended, on the one hand, to establish theoretical lines that support the linguistic analysis of this syntactic context and, on the other hand, to underline the need to deepen the empirical research on how learning happens and what are the specific difficulties that Lusophone SFS learners manifest in their academic path.O futuro do conjuntivo português goza de uma grande vitalidade, em contraste com o seu desuso na língua espanhola. A análise da sua utilização nas orações condicionais introduzidas por se/si mostra como o sistema de tempos/modos verbais é organizado segundo critérios semelhantes, mas não idênticos, nas duas línguas. As diferenças verificadas neste trabalho pela Análise Contrastiva constituem a área de dificuldade na aprendizagem de ELE para lusofalantes, sendo que essas dificuldades são evidenciadas não só pela transferência do futuro de conjuntivo através de calcos ou formas híbridas/criativas, mas também por uma reestruturação dos tempos/modos verbais deste contexto sintático na interlíngua dos discentes, como é possível comprovar nos estudos referidos neste trabalho. Portanto, pretende‑se, por um lado, estabelecer linhas teóricas que sustentem a análise linguística deste contexto sintático e, por outro lado, sublinhar a necessidade de aprofundar a investigação empírica sobre como acontece a aprendizagem e quais as dificuldades específicas que os aprendentes lusófonos de ELE manifestam no seu percurso académico.aprendentes lusófonos de ELE manifestam no seu percurso académico
Análisis de interlengua de los marcadores discursivos empleados por aprendientes angloparlantes de Español como lengua extranjera
Get PDFThis article shows an interlanguage contrastive study that compares the use of cohesion resources between English speakers learning Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL) at different proficiency levels, and a control group of Spanish speakers, extracted from the corpus in Spanish CEDEL2 (Lozano, 2009). The analysis focused on two macro‑functions: to expose and to argue.|It was carried out in English as mother tongue, SFL, and Spanish as mother tongue, to compare the productions between them. For each language group and proficiency level, the count of connectors was framed by a template carried out by Mizón and Oyanedel (1999). The frequency of use and the percentage relationship between words per language group and connectors used were calculated. This allowed us to observe that in both mother tongues the use of discursive markers is lower than in SFL and that the performance in the native languages shows a preference for other resources for the control of textualization: pronominal and verbal ellipses, lexical substitutions, anaphoric co‑reference or a good control of the punctuation, among other resources that we observed.Este artigo apresenta um estudo contrastivo da interlíngua que compara o uso de recursos de coesão entre falantes de inglês aprendentes de Espanhol como Língua Estrangeira (ELE) de diferentes níveis de proficiência e um grupo controle de falantes de espanhol, extraído do corpus emespanhol CEDEL2 (Lozano, 2009). A análise focou‑se em duas macrofunções: expor e argumentar e foi realizada em inglês como língua materna, ELE e espanhol como língua materna, para comparar as produções entre si. Para cada grupo linguístico e nível de proficiência foi realizada a contagem de conectores definidos por um modelo Mizón e Oyanedel (1999) e calculada a frequência de uso e a relação percentual entre palavras por grupo linguístico e conectores utilizados. Isto permitiu‑nos observar que em ambas as línguas maternas o uso de marcadores discursivos é menor do que em ELE e que o desempenho nas línguas nativas mostra preferência por outros recursos para o controle da textualização: elipses pronominais e verbais, substituições lexicais, correferência anafórica ou um bom controle da pontuação, entre outros recursos.observar que em ambas as línguas maternas o uso de marcadores discursivos é menor do que e