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Webrooming e Showrooming: Uma Revisão de Literatura sobre o Comportamento de Compra dos Consumidores
Get PDFWe are living in times of great change, where events unfold at an exponential pace. In order to keep up with this evolution, it is imperative for organisations to develop strategies that not only monitor consumers’ online and offline behaviours but also anticipate them. The adoption of omnichannel strategies—combining digital and analogue channels—thus becomes essential, both to meet the needs of potential consumers and to gain competitive advantages. Ongoing research appears to confirm an increasing offline presence when it comes to the final purchase, while product information is typically sought online—known as webrooming—reflecting the consumer’s need to physically experience a product. Conversely, the selection and examination of products through offline means followed by purchase via online stores, in pursuit of more attractive prices—known as showrooming—is also identified as a trend. It has also been found that combining offline and online channels allows for more informed decision-making, as consumers are better equipped to assess products, facilitating the purchasing process. The synergy between the two channels is therefore crucial, involving an operational flow from online to offline and vice versa, based on the consumer’s subjective perception of product or service value. In the midst of digital transformation, it is clear that brand presence is not exclusively online, as different consumers use platforms in diverse ways to meet their daily needs and desires. The main objective of this article is to present the state of the art on this subject through a literature review of specialised sources.Vivenciam-se tempos de grandes mudanças, nos quais os acontecimentos ocorrem a uma velocidade exponencial. Para acompanhar esta evolução é imperativo para as organizações desenvolver estratégias que permitam não apenas conhecer os comportamentos online e offline dos consumidores mas, também, prever esses mesmos comportamentos. Torna-se assim fundamental a adoção de estratégias omnichannel - combinação dos canais digitais e analógicos - na tentativa de, por um lado, corresponder às necessidades dos potenciais consumidores e, paralelamente, adquirir vantagens competitivas. Da investigação em curso, parece confirmar-se a existência de uma presença crescente no offlineno que concerne à efetivação da compra, sendo a pesquisa de informação acerca dos produtos realizada no ambiente online – webrooming – resultado da necessidade do consumidor sentir o produto fisicamente para melhor experienciá-lo. A escolha e examinação de produtos através de meios offline e posterior compra em lojas digitais com vista à obtenção de preços mais acessíveis e atrativos – showrooming – apresenta-se também como uma tendência. Constatou-se igualmente que a combinação entre offline e online permite uma tomada de decisão consciente visto que, os consumidores ao terem maior conhecimento dos produtos, conseguem avaliá-los melhor, facilitando o processo de compra. A sinergia dos dois canais torna-se, no entanto, crucial, existindo a operacionalização online para offline e vice-versa, baseada na perceção subjetiva de valor do produto/serviço por parte do consumidor. Vivendo em plena transformação digital, verificou-se que a presença das marcas não é totalmente online, sendo que diferentes consumidores utilizam as plataformas com vista a atender às suas necessidades e desejos quotidianos. Este artigo tem como objetivo principal apresentar o estado da arte sobre esta realidade, recorrendo a uma revisão de literatura em fontes especializadas
El catálogo bibliográfico de Alfonso Chacón: la Bibliotheca
No full textAmong the numerous works of the humanist Alfonso Chacón we find handwritten, printed and lost once. Much of the cataloging of the work that he left unsigned has been possible thanks to his work Bibliotheca, a bibliographic catalog in which he tried to bring together in alphabetical order the works and authors from Antiquity to 1583, in addition to including his “auto-bibliography”. We will stop at the main data of this work and discuss the importance it had for the dissemination of the works contained therein, as well as the problems for its publication and its different editions.Entre las numerosas obras del humanista Alfonso Chacón hallamos manuscritas, impresas y perdidas. Buena parte de la catalogación de la obra que dejó sin firma ha sido posible gracias a su obra Bibliotheca, un catálogo bibliográfico en el que trató de reunir por orden alfabético las obras y los autores desde la Antigüedad hasta 1583, además de incluir su “auto-bibliografía”. Nos detendremos en los principales datos de este trabajo y trataremos la importancia que tuvo para la difusión de las obras allí contenidas, así como los problemas para su publicación y sus distintas ediciones
Elementos de ética estoica en la segunda parte de la Monarquía mística de Lorenzo de Zamora
No full textFrom very early on, Christianity in its evangelizing desire not only adopted many of the teachings of the different philosophical schools, especially those coming from academics, Neoplatonists and Stoics, but also strove to present itself as true philosophy. In this way, theoretical precepts and vital attitudes became perfectly integrated into Christian doctrine in its diferente manifestations. Monasticism inherited, without a doubt, everything related to the interior life and the praxis of philosophical exercise. We propose in this work to demonstrate that issues such as self-knowledge and contemptus mundi reached the work of Brother Lorenzo de Zamora entitled Monarquía mística not only through the use of anthologies but also through the monastic rule of the monastic order to which he belonged, the Cistercian.Desde bien temprano el cristianismo en su afán evangelizador no solo hizo suyas muchas de las enseñanzas de las diferentes escuelas filosóficas, especialmente las procedentes de académicos, neoplatónicos y estoicos, sino que además se esforzó en presentarse como verdadeira filosofía. De este modo, preceptos teóricos y actitudes vitales pasaron a integrarse perfectamente dentro de la doctrina cristiana en sus diferentes manifestaciones. El monacato heredó, sin duda, todo lo relativo a la vida interior y a la praxis del ejercicio filosófico. Nosotros nos proponemos en este trabajo demostrar que asuntos como el del autoconocimiento y el contemptus mundi llegaron a la obra de fray Lorenzo de Zamora titulada Monarquía mística no solo a través del uso de antologias sino también a través de la regla monástica de la orden monástica a la que él pertenecía, el Císter
Threat Modeling a Health Web3 DApp
No full textThe healthcare sector increasingly explores Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and Health Web 3.0 Decentralized Applications (DApps) as promising solutions for patient-centric data management, data sovereignty, and privacy-preserving systems. Despite significant research at the intersection of blockchain and healthcare, current efforts predominantly address isolated technical challenges—focusing narrowly on specific mechanisms such as confidentiality, privacy, or individual smart contract vulnerabilities. Even cybersecurity assessments typically examine discrete attack vectors rather than comprehensive threat landscapes. This fragmented approach limits our ability to build trustworthy systems and delays real-world adoption, as stakeholders lack frameworks to holistically evaluate security posture.This study addresses this gap by conducting a comprehensive threat modeling analysis of Health Web 3.0 DApps, taking into account the complex and interconnected security challenges inherent in blockchain-based healthcare systems. We employ a multi-framework approach integrating LINDDUN threat modeling methodology, OWASP Top 10 Smart Contract Vulnerabilities catalog, and Threat Dragon analytical tool to systematically identify, categorize, and evaluate security risks across the entire application stack. Our analysis maps threats spanning smart contract design flaws, cross-chain interaction vulnerabilities, decentralized identity management weaknesses, unauthorized data access risks, and denial-of-service attack vectors.The primary contribution of this work is demonstrating the critical importance and practical value of holistic threat modeling in blockchain healthcare systems. Our findings reveal interdependencies between seemingly isolated vulnerabilities and show how comprehensive security assessment enhances data privacy protection, smart contract integrity, and overall application resilience. This research provides stakeholders with a systematic methodology for deriving trust in blockchain healthcare solutions, advancing both regulatory compliance and user confidence in decentralized medical data management systems
Perspectives for a More-Than-Human Design Practice
No full textThe escalating environmental crisis of the Anthropocene challenges conventional design paradigms, which predominantly center on human users and linear consumption models. This article explores emerging perspectives of more-than-human design practices that seek to decenter the human, embracing ecological interconnectedness and multispecies coexistence. We examine three main approaches – biomimetic design, interspecies design, and speculative design – highlighting projects and methodologies that promote ethical engagement, empathy, and mutual benefits between humans and nonhuman agents. Through case analyses such as biomimetic bird-safe glass, interspecies collaboration with albatrosses to monitor illegal fishing, and speculative design imagining posthuman futures, we discuss how these practices challenge anthropocentrism and contribute to sustainability. We argue for a shift from user-centered design to more inclusive, ecologically responsible design practices that foster multispecies flourishing and planetary well-being
Friction in Games and Computational Media (Editorial)
No full textThe issue is organised into four groups: Play; Art; Human; More-than-Human. The articles in the first group, Play, aim at exploring roles and expressions of friction within play and games. In Exploring Friction in Refugee Narratives: The Cases of Bury Me, My Love and Nour’s Choice, Cátia Ferreira explores how friction in interactive narrative games reflect and critiques sociopolitical issues by means of their game mechanics, providing insight on how friction deepens player engagement and challenges dominant game conventions. In Meaning in Videogames: Ludonarrative Loops, Friction, and Philosophical Play, João P. Ribeiro explores how friction can contribute to the creation of meaning in videogames, proposing a new theoretical lens centred on what he terms “ludonarrative friction”. In Video Game Frictions: Grammars of Normativity, Aesthetics of Trouble, Brice Roy examines the tension between seamless and friction-based game design, arguing that friction, often seen as a flaw, can be a powerful aesthetic and political tool, revealing the unstable nature of the digital medium.
The second group, Art, explores how media become hypermediated, thus creating friction in their use. In Bizarre Love Triangle: Generative AI, Art, and Kitsch, Dejan Grba explores expressive flaws in Generative AI art, introducing into professional artists’ work kitsch, superficiality, feeble critique, and overreliance on AI as a cultural signifier, highlighting the normalisation of these issues within the art world. In Chiasmic Play: Exploring Embodied Experience Through Live Haptic Theatre, Jung In Jung, Haocheng Yang, Naman Merchant, Navis Binu Mariya Dass, Ecem Berfin Ince, and Andrea Szymkowiak present an experimental live theatre performance that uses haptic technologies to create a multisensory environment, researching how it influences narrative perception, engagement, and empathy.
The third group, Human, provides insight on how friction strategies can place humans at the centre of the design process. In The Generative Value of Friction in Digital Media: Neuroscience, Education, and Play, Agnese Rosati, Keren Ponzo, and Leonardo Silvagni challenge the notion of “zero friction” in digital design, arguing for friction as a valuable resource for learning, engagement, and transformation. They explore how friction, often seen as a hindrance, can stimulate attention, meaning, and critical interaction, enriching human experience beyond mere efficiency. In Provoking Value Reflection Through Play and Speculative Design, Ricardo Melo, Inês Silva, Joana Couto Silva, and Diana Liebetrau, explore how healthcare technology design can be informed by value systems. Through ethnographic fieldwork, a value elicitation game, and speculative design workshops, the research proposes a bottom-up methodology for value identification, prioritising patient perspectives. Their findings aim to advance human-centred design beyond efficiency and usability, and towards more value-sensitive user experiences. In Productive Friction: An Interdisciplinary Framework for Critical Thinking in Digital Media, Vincenzo Galatro, Ema Di Petrillo, and Alfonso J. López Rivero propose “productive friction” as a design principle in human-centred design, introducing challenges to activate metacognition, creativity and critical reflection, and presenting a conceptual framework that categorises types of friction, identifies psychological and pedagogical mediators, technical mechanisms, and evaluative metrics.
Finally, the texts in the fourth group, More-than-Human, look at how friction challenges human-centred designs. In Perspectives for a More-than-Human Design Practice, Fabrício Fava and Camila Mangueira explore more-than-human design practices that challenge anthropocentrism and promote ecological interconnectedness. They examine biomimetic, interspecies, and speculative design approaches, highlighting projects that foster ethical engagement and mutual benefits between humans and nonhuman agents. In Friction Matters: Exploring Friction in Non-Anthropocentric Gameplay, Filipe Pais explores friction in interactive media design, particularly in non-anthropocentric game studies, arguing that friction, when applied thoughtfully, can challenge human-centric perspectives and highlight more-than-human experiences.
This issue has been invaluable for our learning on the design of friction and on its conceptual development, contributing to expand the state of the art and to problematise friction as a design resource in the four groups of action in which it is practised – Play, Art, Human, More-than-Human – with distinct purposes and methods, and to find a community of people working on friction design. We would like to thank all the authors who submitted their papers, the reviewers whose invaluable expertise improved its quality, and to the editorial team at JDMI. Further thanks go to i2ADS for housing this project, FCT for funding it, and to the project’s consultants – Miguel Sicart and Laura Beloff – and partners – DigiMedia, Fraunhofer AICOS, and INESC TEC
Antígona sob o universo da intertextualidade: literatura, feminino, liberdade
No full textThe dramatic text Antes que a noite venha (1992), by Eduarda Dionísio, has as its theme the speeches of Juliet, Antígona, Inês de Castro and Medea, historical-mythological characters marked by love, but who meet a tragic destiny. Based on the conception that concrete time – the night – becomes mythical time, the space in which these characters will inhabit, we will focus our attention, this time, on the lines dedicated to Antigone. We intend to start from the dialogue that the Dionysian character has with the mythical Antigone, considering aspects such as the specificities of dramatic writing. Furthermore, we must examine the discussion about the female condition, which crosses the diegesis, and the character’s relationship with the Portuguese context at the end of the century, since the text is from 1992, but also with the current moment in which the 50th anniversary of the recovery of freedom. Such a concept that must always be remembered so that we never forget that without freedom we are nothing.O texto dramático Antes que a noite venha (1992), de Eduarda Dionísio, tem por mote as falas de Julieta, Antígona, Inês de Castro e Medeia, personagens histórico-mitológicas marcadas pelo amor, mas que encontram um destino trágico. A partir da concepção de que o tempo concreto – a noite – transforma-se no tempo mítico, espaço em que essas personagens vão habitar, centraremos nossa atenção, desta feita, nas falas dedicadas a Antígona. Pretendemos partir da interlocução que a personagem dionisiana trava com a Antígona mítica, considerando aspectos como as especificidades da escrita dramática. Além disso, devemos examinar a discussão acerca da condição feminina, que atravessa a diegese, e a relação da personagem com o contexto português finissecular, já que o texto é de 1992, mas também com o atual momento em que se comemoram os 50 anos da recuperação da liberdade. Tal conceito que deve ser sempre lembrado para que jamais esqueçamos que sem liberdade não somos nada
Antígona Gelada: Um manifesto gnóstico
No full textThe present study aims to observe the points of connection between Sophocles’ Antigone and Armando Nascimento Rosa’s Antígona Gelada in light of a Gnostic understanding of the myth. This analysis is supported by an interview conducted with the latter author (January 2021) and by the study of works on Greek tragedy, science fiction, and Gnosticism. Noting that the play Antígona Gelada stems from the same archetypal nature as Sophocles’ Antigone, the first is analyzed as a dramatic reception of the Sophoclean myth in the light of a radical Gnosticism, as outlined by Harold Bloom in his various works on the subject.It is concluded that the Gnostic influence in Antígona Gelada reveals, through the protagonist’s archetype, an ontological discourse on the inadequacies of the human condition. Despite indicating a departure from the materialist interpretations of the Antigone myth in the modern period, this influence makes Antigone confront the polis with an alternative concept of empathy, one not inscribed in the ideological apparatuses of a democratic state, thus maintaining a political discourse.O presente estudo pretende observar os pontos de conexão entre as obras Antígona de Sófocles e Antígona Gelada de Armando Nascimento Rosa à luz de uma compreensão gnóstica do mito. Esta análise é suportada na entrevista realizada a este último autor (janeiro de 2021) e no estudo de obras de tragédia grega, de ficção científica e do gnosticismo. Verificando-se que a peça teatral Antígona Gelada parte da mesma natureza arquetípica da Antígona de Sófocles, analisa-se a primeira enquanto receção dramática do mito sofocliano à luz de um gnosticismo radical, elencado por Harold Bloom nas várias obras suas dedicadas a este tema. Conclui-se que a influência gnóstica de Antígona Gelada revela, no arquétipo da protagonista, um discurso ontológico perante as insuficiências da condição humana. Este, apesar de enunciar um desvio às leituras materialistas feitas ao mito de Antígona no período moderno, faz Antígona confrontar a polis com um alternativo conceptual de empatia não inscrita nos aparelhos ideológicos de um estado democrático, não deixando, por esta razão, de ser um discurso político
Antígona en el aire
No full textThe play Antigone by Sophocles is one of the best known and most representative tragedies of its author, but the reading that emerges from it makes it a subversive work at certain times. For this reason it has been censored. In the radio broadcasting in Spain in the second half of the 20th century, it was replaced by versions of this tragedy that were able to overcome the hard censorship of Franco’s regime.La obra Antígona de Sófocles es una de las tragedias más conocidas y más representativas de su autor, pero la lectura que se desprende de ella la convierte en determinadas épocas en una obra subversiva. Por esa razón ha sido censurada. En las emisiones radiofónicas en España en la segunda mitad del siglo XX fue sustituida por versiones de esta tragedia que pudieron superar la dura censura franquista
Retratos trágicos de la resignación política: Ismene y Crisótemis en la literatura dramática gallega
No full textThe reworking of the themes, characters and motifs from Greek-Latin mythology is a verified trend in contemporary Galician drama since the second half of the 20th century to the present day. Many of the playwrights who remake these myths for Galician drama know the original Greek or Latin texts and usually engage in a dialogue with their current situation through the canonical paradigm of the classic, being tragedy and the tragic sense of drama the preferred ways of all the authors who approach that dialogue. For this reason, there are many tragic characters who stand as a model and reference for a certain political reading of ancient texts, highlighting those figures of tragic heroism who do so in a positive sense. However, for this paper, we will try to offer a critical and analytical reading of the characterization of two of the most reviled secondary characters of the ancient tragic imaginary in the Galician theater that reworks them: Ismene (daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta and sister of Antigone) and Chrysothemis (daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra and sister of Electra). Their recharacterization will be reviewed in the Galician plays in which these characters appear, paying attention to the reference of the Greek hypotexts and highlighting the main differences and concomitances found in the comparative reading of the texts, without neglecting the different reinterpretations in a political and social key that underlie the reworkings of the Galician authors.La reelaboración de los temas, personajes y motivos de la mitología grecolatina es una tendencia constatada en el teatro gallego contemporáneo desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX hasta nuestros días. Muchos de los dramaturgos y dramaturgas que rehacen estos mitos para la escena gallega tienen un conocimiento directo de los textos griegos o latinos originales y suelen entablar un diálogo con su actualidad a través del paradigma canónico de lo clásico, siendo la tragedia una de sus formas preferidas para abordar ese diálogo. Por este motivo, son muchos los personajes trágicos que se erigen en modelo y referencia de una determinada lectura política de los textos antiguos, destacando aquellas figuras del heroísmo trágico que lo hacen en un sentido positivo. Sin embargo, en estas líneas se intentará ofrecer una lectura crítica y analítica de la caracterización de dos de los personajes secundarios más denostados del imaginario trágico antiguo en el teatro gallego: Ismene (hija de Edipo y Yocasta y hermana de Antígona) y Crisótemis (hija de Agamenón y Clitemnestra y hermana de Electra). Para ello, se revisará su caracterización en las obras teatrales gallegas en las que aparecen estos personajes, teniendo en cuenta la referencia de los hipotextos griegos y destacando las principales diferencias y concomitancias halladas en la lectura comparativa de los textos, sin descuidar las distintas reinterpretaciones en clave política y social que subyacen en las reelaboraciones de los autores gallegos