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O Grande Reformador
No full textA brief overview of the life of the Great Reformer, Deng Xiaoping. He studied in China, France, and Moscow. His professional journey as a laborer in Europe and communist activist led him to serve in the Red Army in China, becoming a prominent figure in political life, always loyal to the CCP. He accepted purges and removals imposed by the Party with resignation, never aspiring to high-ranking positions. He carried out rural and economic development reforms within the framework of liberal socialism for the benefit of the Nation and the people, whom he deeply loved – all of which were accepted for opening China to the world.
China established diplomatic relations with Portugal after the Revolution of April 25, as Portugal abandoned its African colonies – an approach aligned with Deng Xiaoping’s Theory of the Three Worlds, which he presented at the UN General Assembly. Following the signing of the cooperation agreement between Portugal and China, the transition of Macau was carried out peacefully. Ressano Garcia, the Portuguese ambassador in Beijing, strengthened bilateral relations, and Macau’s governor visited Beijing in 1980, leading to the signing of the Luso-Chinese Trade Agreement. In 1987, Cavaco Silva signed the Joint Declaration in Beijing, limiting Portugal’s presence in Macau until December 1999. This was followed by a revision of Macau’s Organic Statute and the establishment of the Legislative Assembly, paving the way for the future Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR).
Deng’s solution within the "One Country, Two Systems" theory for the administrative regions of Macau, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, alongside agrarian reform and economic development policies, transformed China’s rural and urban landscape in the final decades of the 20th century into a modern nation. He reinvigorated cultural identity, which was reflected in economic growth, revoked restrictive education laws by allowing learning opportunities abroad, and oversaw the revival of religious traditions.Breve síntese da vida do Grande Reformador, Deng Xiaoping. Estudou na China, em França e Moscovo. Seu percurso laboral como operário na Europa e ativista do comunismo fê-lo servidor do exército vermelho na China, elemento destacado na vida política, sempre fiel ao PCC. Aceitou com resignação purgas e os afastamentos a que fora sujeito pelo Partido, sem ambicionar cargos muito altos. Fez reformas rurais e de desenvolvimento económico no plano do socialismo liberal para benefício da Nação e do povo, que muito amava, sendo aceites por abrirem a China ao mundo.
Após a Revolução de 25 de Abril, Portugal estabeleceu contactos diplomáticos com a China, porque disposto a abandonar as colónias em África, ideal enquadrado na Teoria dos Três Mundos, proferida por Deng na Assembleia Geral da ONU. Assinado o acordo de cooperação entre Portugal e a China fez-se a transição do território numa solução pacífica. Ressano Garcia, embaixador em Pequim, estreitou as relações bilaterais e o governador de Macau visitou Pequim em 1980, sendo depois assinado o Acordo de Comércio Luso-Chinês. Em 1987, Cavaco Silva assinou em Pequim a Declaração Conjunta, que limitou a presença de Portugal a dezembro de 1999. Fez-se a Revisão do Estatuto Orgânico de Macau, já criada a Assembleia Legislativa para a futura RAEM.
A solução encontrada por Deng na teoria Um País, Dois Sistemas nas zonas administrativas de Macau, Hong Kong e Taiwan, mais a reforma agrária e a orientação económica para o desenvolvimento do país, transformaram a China rural e urbanística nas últimas décadas do século XX numa Nação moderna. Deu novo impulso cultural ao povo, refletido na economia, revogou as leis da escolaridade com a abertura de aprendizagens no estrangeiro, sem esquecer o ressurgimento das tradições religiosas
Peking Opera
No full textConsiderada Património Cultural Imaterial e reconhecida como uma “essência” da China, a Ópera de Pequim tem sido apreciada tanto nacional como internacionalmente desde a sua criação, quase dois séculos atrás. Este artigo pretende fazer uma pequena viagem para conhecer esta forma de arte clássica desde o princípio da sua criação.Considered an Intangible Cultural Heritage and recognized as a quintessential element of Chinese culture, Peking Opera has been appreciated both nationally and internationally since its inception nearly two centuries ago. This article aims to take a brief journey to explore this classical art form from the beginning of its creation
PERCEPÇÃO DO ESTUDANTE DO ENSINO MÉDIO A RESPEITO DO LIVRO DIDÁTICO: Uma revisão integrativa
No full textThis integrative review aimed to synthesize the available evidence on high school students’ perceptions of the textbooks used in classroom instruction. Although students are the primary end users of these materials, research has largely favored teachers’ perspectives, leaving gaps in understanding how learners evaluate and engage with textbooks. The search was conducted in the ERIC, SciELO, CAPES Portal, and Mendeley databases, considering studies published between 2021 and 2024. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies that directly addressed student perceptions were included. The final corpus comprised eight studies conducted in Nigeria, Indonesia, Iran, Ghana, and the United Kingdom, spanning subject areas such as Science, Mathematics, English as a Foreign Language, and English for Specific Purposes. The findings reveal four main trends: (1) textbooks significantly influence conceptual understanding and may hinder learning when explanations are insufficient; (2) students critically evaluate textbook quality, acknowledging strengths while identifying weaknesses related to clarity, aesthetics, and cultural contextualization; (3) learner autonomy is insufficiently supported, as materials show limited alignment with constructivist approaches; and (4) design features, such as diagram integration, shape perceptions of quality and engagement. Although the evidence demonstrates methodological robustness, limitations include small samples, geographically restricted contexts, and reliance on self-reported data. The review concludes that student perceptions are essential for improving high school textbooks. It is recommended that educational policies, teacher training, and material development processes systematically incorporate student voices and promote comparative and experimental studies.Este artigo apresenta uma revisão integrativa cujo objetivo foi sintetizar as evidências disponíveis sobre a percepção de alunos do Ensino Médio a respeito dos livros didáticos utilizados em sala de aula. Embora os estudantes sejam os usuários finais desse material, a literatura tem priorizado a perspectiva dos professores, o que gera lacunas sobre como os alunos compreendem e avaliam o livro didático. A busca foi realizada nas bases ERIC, SciELO, Portal de Periódicos CAPES e Mendeley, contemplando estudos publicados entre 2021 e 2024. Foram incluídos estudos quantitativos, qualitativos e de métodos mistos que investigaram diretamente a percepção discente. O corpus final foi composto por oito estudos conduzidos em diferentes países (Nigéria, Indonésia, Irã, Gana e Reino Unido) e em distintas áreas curriculares, como Ciências, Matemática, Inglês como Língua Estrangeira e Inglês para Fins Específicos. Os resultados revelam quatro tendências principais: (1) os livros didáticos influenciam significativamente a compreensão conceitual, podendo gerar dificuldades quando apresentam explicações limitadas; (2) alunos avaliam criticamente a qualidade dos livros, reconhecendo aspectos positivos, mas apontando falhas de clareza, estética e contextualização cultural; (3) a promoção da autonomia discente é insuficiente, com materiais pouco alinhados a abordagens construtivistas; e (4) elementos de design, como a integração de diagramas, afetam a percepção de qualidade e o engajamento. Embora as evidências apresentem robustez metodológica, limitações incluem amostras reduzidas, recortes regionais específicos e predominância de autorrelatos. Conclui-se que a percepção dos alunos é fundamental para o aprimoramento dos livros didáticos. Recomenda-se que políticas educacionais, formação docente e processos de produção de materiais incorporem sistematicamente a voz discente e promovam pesquisas comparativas e experimentais
Editorial
No full textIt is with great pleasure that we present the first issue of Volume 5 of the International Journal of Business Innovation. This issue continues our commitment to publishing high-quality, interdisciplinary research that addresses contemporary challenges in business, accounting, management, and organizational development. The articles included in this edition reflect the diversity of methodological approaches and research contexts that characterize the journal, reinforcing the link between academic research and practical implications for organizations and society.
In this issue, we present three articles that explore relevant topics in auditing, human resource management, and financial accounting, offering theoretical insights and practical contributions to the field of business innovation.
The first article, “Prevention and Detection of Inventory Fraud: An Active Ethnography-Based Approach” by Maria C. Tavares and Mariana Gomes, examines the role of auditors and organizational practices in the prevention and detection of inventory fraud. Using an active ethnography methodology combined with a narrative literature review, the study highlights the importance of technological tools, internal control systems, and professional judgment in mitigating fraud risks. The findings emphasize that effective fraud detection depends not only on technological solutions but also on auditors’ experience, professional skepticism, and organizational practices.
The second article, “Provisions and Contingent Liabilities: Determinants of Recognition and Compliance with Regulations” by Cristiana Santos, Teresa Eugénio, Vitor Santos, Ana Morais, and Alexandra Seco, investigates the determinants of the recognition of provisions and the level of compliance with accounting standards, particularly IAS 37, among Portuguese companies. Using quantitative analysis and content analysis of annual reports, the study concludes that companies still have significant room for improvement in the recognition and disclosure of provisions and contingent liabilities. The research contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on financial reporting practices and highlighting the importance of transparency and compliance in financial information.
Finnaly, the third article, “Deficiencies in Human Resource Management of Agricultural Enterprises and Countermeasures: A Qualitative Study Based on Key Enterprises in Guangzhou” by Yu-Shen Fang and Li-Chun Fang, explores structural challenges in human resource management within agricultural enterprises undergoing technological and organizational transformation. Through a qualitative multi-case study, the authors propose the “Dual-Suspension” analytical framework to explain the misalignment between institutional policies, organizational culture, and HRM practices. The study provides important insights into strategic human resource management, organizational development, and the role of human capital in supporting organizational performance and adaptability.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the authors and reviewers for their valuable contributions, which ensure the scientific quality and relevance of this publication. Their work reflects the mission of the International Journal of Business Innovation to promote research that bridges theory and practice and contributes to organizational innovation and development.
We hope that the articles presented in this issue will provide valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, and that they will inspire further research in the fields of business innovation, accounting, management, and organizational studies.
Rui Pedro Marques,Elisabete Vieira, Graça Azevedo and Susana MarquesEditorial Tea
Deficiencies in Human Resource Management of Agricultural Enterprises and Countermeasures: A Qualitative Study Based on Key Enterprises in Guangzhou
No full textAgainst the backdrop of global trends toward smart, intensive, and sustainable agriculture and China’s rural revitalization and food-security strategies, this study highlights a significant gap between agricultural enterprises’ internal management systems—particularly human resource management (HRM)—and the rapid advancement of technology and macro-level policy support. Using a case-study approach, we selected five major agricultural enterprises in Guangzhou and triangulated data from semi-structured interviews, corporate documents, and secondary sources, then conducted within-case and cross-case comparative analyses. The study identifies four interrelated structural problems: institutional-system deficiencies leading to “institutional suspension”; an organizational culture that is superficial and disconnected from management, resulting in “ideational suspension”; inadequate and untargeted training systems; and dysfunctional compensation and incentive mechanisms that hinder talent retention. These issues collectively constrain enterprises’ transformation and upgrading. We propose an integrated “Dual-Suspension” analytical framework that combines institutional theory, organizational culture theory, and strategic HRM to explain the mechanisms underlying these HRM problems. Results show a positive correlation between HRM maturity—across three stages (transactional management, institutional construction, and strategic partnership)—and organizational adaptability and performance. Recommendations focus on four areas: strengthening strategic HRM; deepening integration of culture and systems; developing a precise, tiered training system; and optimizing compensation and incentive mechanisms
MEDIAÇÃO INTERCULTURAL NAS ESCOLAS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA ACERCA DE PRÁTICAS, CONTRIBUTOS E DESAFIOS
No full textThis article presents a Systematic Literature Review on intercultural mediation in the teaching environment, based on searches in the SCOPUS, ERIC and Web of Science (WOS) databases. The study aims to identify, describe and characterize the implementation of intercultural mediation in the educational field over the last five years. Published and accessible articles were selected and then inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied; the PRISMA systematic review protocol was used to represent the entire process of searching for and selecting articles. The following were found in the initial article search phase: SCOPUS (n= 125); ERIC (n=153) and WOS (n=67). However, after applying the various inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles remained for qualitative analysis. The content analysis allowed the data to be organized into two (2) main categories: A) Implementation of intercultural mediation and B) contributions and challenges of intercultural mediation. Category A was subdivided into four (4) subcategories: (I) definition of intercultural mediation; II) intercultural mediation practices implemented; III) sectors in which intercultural mediation operates and, V) geographical location of the studies. Category B was subdivided into two (2) subcategories: I) contributions and II) challenges. The results reveal a comprehensive, complex and multifaceted view of how intercultural mediation has been implemented, highlighting its main impacts and challenges.Este artigo apresenta uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura sobre mediação intercultural no contexto educacional, com base em pesquisas nas bases de dados SCOPUS, ERIC e a Web of Science (WOS). O estudo tem como objetivo identificar, descrever e caracterizar a implementação da mediação intercultural no campo educacional nos últimos cinco anos. Foram selecionados artigos publicados e acessíveis, e posteriormente aplicados critérios de inclusão e exclusão; utilizou-se o protocolo PRISMA de revisão sistemática para representar todo o processo de busca e seleção dos artigos. Encontraram-se na fase inicial de pesquisa de artigos os seguintes: SCOPUS (n= 125); ERIC (n=153) e WOS (n=67). Todavia, após a aplicação dos vários critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram 10 artigos para análise qualitativa. A análise de conteúdo permitiu a organização dos dados em duas categorias principais: A) Implementação da mediação intercultural e B) contributos e desafios da mediação intercultural. A categoria A foi subdividida em quatro (4) subcategorias: (I) definição de mediação intercultural; II) práticas de mediação intercultural implementadas; III) sectores de atuação dessa mediação e, V) localização geográfica dos estudos. Já a categoria B foi subdividida em duas (2) subcategorias: I) contributos e II) desafios. Os resultados revelam uma visão abrangente, complexa e multifacetada sobre como a mediação intercultural tem sido implementada, destacando seus principais impactos e obstáculos nas práticas educativas
Ver a essência através do fenómeno: explorando a integração cultural e a autoconfiança a partir da exposição conjunta das seis principais religiões de Macau
No full textThe emergence of Macao’s multiculturalism is not accidental, but inevitable. The history of Macao’s development for more than 400 years has proved that Macao has two ancient and different cultures-Chinese culture and Portuguese culture. These two cultures collided in a creative blend and laid a foundation together. This is the current situation in Macao. From February 25 to March 17, 2023, the six religions in Macao jointly held the “Thousand Miles of Same Wind” Cultural and Cultural Relics Exhibition, exhibiting more than 100 groups of representative cultural relics and artworks of the six religions. This is the first joint cultural event of the six religions since the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region. It showcases the common core values of all religions in Macao and promotes religious exchanges from multiple angles. The joint exhibition of the six religions is a bold attempt and innovation in the religious history of Macao and even the whole country. Starting from the phenomenon of the joint exhibition of the six religions, this article explores the importance and necessity of cultural self-confidence in the process of cultural exchange and the inheritance path of Macao’s culture under multiculturalism.O aparecimento do multiculturalismo em Macau não é acidental, mas inevitável. A história do desenvolvimento de Macau ao longo de mais de 400 anos comprova a existência de duas culturas antigas e distintas: a cultura chinesa e a cultura portuguesa. Estas duas culturas fundiram-se numa fusão criativa e, juntas, construíram uma base sólida. Esta é a situação atual em Macau. De 25 de Fevereiro a 17 de Março de 2023, as seis religiões de Macau realizaram em conjunto a Exposição Cultural e de Relíquias Culturais “Mil Milhas do Mesmo Vento”, exibindo mais de 100 conjuntos de relíquias culturais e obras de arte representativas das seis religiões. Este é o primeiro evento cultural conjunto das seis religiões desde o estabelecimento da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau. O evento apresenta os valores fundamentais comuns de todas as religiões em Macau e promove o intercâmbio religioso sob múltiplas perspetivas. A exposição conjunta das seis religiões é uma tentativa ousada e inovadora na história religiosa de Macau e, até mesmo, de todo o país. Partindo do fenómeno da exposição conjunta das seis religiões, este artigo explora a importância e a necessidade da autoconfiança cultural no processo de intercâmbio cultural e o percurso da herança da cultura de Macau sob o multiculturalismo
A DIMENSÃO AFETIVA E EMOCIONAL DO PROFESSOR E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O ENSINO E A APRENDIZAGEM: UMA ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA
No full textThe present study aims to investigate the emotions experienced by teachers in the school context through the application of the Teacher Emotion Questionnaire (TEQ), an instrument developed to measure the frequency with which educators experience positive and negative emotions in their pedagogical practice. The study will be conducted with basic education teachers working in private schools in the northeastern region of Brazil. Data collection will take place online, following ethical guidelines and ensuring participant anonymity. The TEQ assesses six primary emotions—joy, love, satisfaction, anger, sadness, and discouragement—based on typical situations in teachers’ daily routines. This research will be based on the use of an online questionnaire created through the Google Forms platform, and the responses provided by participants will be analyzed according to the study’s objectives. After analyzing the data, the expected results indicate that teachers who demonstrate more positively developed emotions tend to achieve better outcomes in the teaching–learning process with their students.Este estudo consiste em uma revisão integrativa da literatura nacional e internacional produzida nos últimos cinco anos para investigar a influência da afetividade, das emoções e da motivação docente no processo de ensino e aprendizagem na educação básica. A busca foi realizada em abril de 2025 nas bases de dados CAPES Periódicos, SciELO e ERIC. Seguindo o protocolo PRISMA, foram identificados inicialmente 193 artigos, dos quais 10 atenderam a todos os critérios de elegibilidade para análise qualitativa final. Os resultados reforçam que razão e emoção são indissociáveis; o afeto atua como um elemento estruturante que potencializa a aprendizagem e fortalece os vínculos pedagógicos. Estudantes percebem a identidade docente ligada a traços de cuidado, empatia e dedicação. Além disso, o professor é reconhecido como uma referência ética e moral fundamental, especialmente quando demonstra proximidade afetiva. Docentes com maior inteligência emocional e motivação autônoma lidam melhor com o estresse e promovem ambientes de sala de aula mais positivos. A literatura analisada aponta a falta de preparo dos professores para lidar com valores e emoções no currículo, além de limitações metodológicas em estudos atuais, como amostras reduzidas e recortes geográficos restritos. A pesquisa conclui que o ensino é um ato profundamente relacional. Investir na saúde emocional do professor e em práticas que integrem cognição e afeto é essencial para uma educação humanizadora e para o desenvolvimento integral dos sujeitos
Provisions and Contingent Liabilities: Determinants of recognition and compliance with regulations
No full textProvisions and contingencies are one of the topics involving the calculation of estimates and the need to exercise professional judgement, thus playing an important role in the work of the accountant. This study aims to identify the determinants of the recognition of provisions by Portuguese companies and to assess the information disclosed as well as the degree of compliance with accounting standards (IAS 37). The first objective focuses on the individual financial statements of Portuguese companies for the year 2021. The data were collected from the Sabi database. The following variables were analysed: sector of activity; firm size; the influence of legal proceedings and audit status. The second objective focuses on Portuguese listed companies, using their annual reports for 2021. The information was collected through content analysis. Descriptive analyses and statistical tests were conducted to obtain the results of the study. It was concluded that Portuguese companies still have a long way to go in terms of the recognition and disclosure of provisions and contingent liabilities. This study contributes to the literature by analysing a particularly important issue in financial accounting, as it involves the use of estimates and requires professional judgement. Accordingly, it is essential to understand the determinants of provision recognition. Furthermore, this study encompasses both listed and unlisted companies. It is also worth noting that knowledge of compliance with accounting standards is of primary interest not only to internal and external stakeholders but also to financial institutions and others interested in financial information