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Contribution to the Issue of Determining Nationality and Citizenship on the Basis of Racial Criteria in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
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This paper focuses on the Nazi conception of citizenship in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, revealing the contradictions between ideology and the practical possibilities of nationality policy. The Nazis aimed to capture not only the indigenous German minority but also the so-called “national middle layer” in linguistically mixed areas. It often happened that opportunists or collaborators sought German citizenship, while people of German or mixed origin had reservations about joining the Volksgemeinschaft. The study analyses the chaos associated with granting German citizenship until 1941, when it was decided to subject applicants to racial assessment according to SS criteria. Granting German citizenship became a tool of the Germanisation policy, with racial criteria also being applied to mixed marriages. The research reveals the pseudoscientific nature of Nazi racial policy. The study brings new insights into the practical application of Nazi racial policy in the context of the occupation of the Czech lands and performs a critical evaluation of its impact on the fates of specific individuals
Jan HRUBECKÝ – Jiří VANĚČEK, Boj v těžkém opevnění. O osádkách pevností a jejich činnosti v míru i v boji, Olomouc, Ing. Jiří Vaněček 2024, 304 s. ISBN 978-80-11-04390-2.
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Metamorphoses of Over a Hundred Years of Research on the Artistic Legacy of the Kłodzko Jesuits (Prologue to the Full Catalogue of Kłodzko Design Drawings from the 17th and 18th Centuries)
No full textThe overview article outlines 140 years of research into the Baroque art of the Kłodzko Jesuits. It remained in close connection with the activities in the towns and villages near Kłodzko, belonging to the post-war aristocracy, among whom were many of the donors of the Kłodzko college. This art was insufficiently perceived in the context of the rest of Bohemia, and after World War II, it even weighed on the work of Polish art historians the ahistorical, even absurd paradigm of “Silesian Kłodzko.” Over the past 30 years or so, it is continuously being broken through. However, there is still little interest in the Kłodzko Baroque from Czech researchers. Meanwhile, a still little-studied phenomenon of this art is the existence of a collection of more than 200 design drawings from the 17th-18th centuries that were left by the Jesuits (including works by Simon Pitz and Carlo Lurago). This set was scattered after 1945. The larger part is in the archives of the Jesuits in Kraków, while a smaller and only recently discovered one is in the rectory of the parish church in Kłodzko. Both of these sets should be comprehensively compiled, first of all, in the form of a scientific catalogue, especially since its separation is completely artificial and haphazard; moreover, the Kłodzko set remains uninventoried (the drawings lack signatures), and the whole represents Bohemian (Czech) cultural heritage beyond the borders of Czechia
RÁMEC PRE HODNOTENIE CESTOVNÝCH APLIKÁCIÍ VO VEREJNEJ OSOBNEJ DOPRAVE
No full textS rozmachem digitálních technologií se cestovní aplikace staly základním prvkem veřejné osobní dopravy. Jejich význam však přesahuje základní vyhledávání spojení, ovlivňují mobilitní rozhodování, formují uživatelskou zkušenost a přispívají k udržitelnosti dopravy. Cílem tohoto článku je navrhnout rámec, který bude sloužit jako základní teoretický rámec, který umožňuje systematicky hodnotit kvalitu a komplexnost těchto digitálních nástrojů. Tento rámec je dostatečně robustní pro systematické srovnání, ale zároveň dostatečně flexibilní pro přizpůsobení různým cílům. Umožňuje propojit technické charakteristiky aplikací s očekáváními uživatelů a posílit tak kvalitu a efektivitu veřejné dopravy v digitálním prostředí. Cílem navrhovaného rámce pro hodnocení cestovních aplikací ve veřejné osobní dopravě je objektivně a systematicky vyhodnotit digitální cestovní aplikace používané ve veřejné osobní dopravě z hlediska jejich funkčních, technologických a behaviorálních parametrů.With the rise of digital technologies, travel applications have become a fundamental element of public passenger transport. However, their importance goes beyond simple route planning, they influence mobility decision-making, shape user experience, and contribute to the sustainability of transport. The aim of this article is to propose a framework that serves as a theoretical basis for systematically evaluating the quality and complexity of these digital tools. This framework is sufficiently robust for systematic comparison, yet flexible enough to adapt to various objectives. It enables the connection of technical characteristics of applications with user expectations, thereby enhancing the quality and efficiency of public transport in the digital environment. The proposed framework for evaluating travel applications in public passenger transport aims to objectively and systematically assess digital travel applications used in public transport in terms of their functional, technological, and behavioral parameters.S rozmachom digitálnych technológií sa cestovné aplikácie stali základným prvkom verejnej osobnej dopravy. Ich význam však presahuje základné vyhľadávanie spojení, ovplyvňujú mobilitné rozhodovanie, formujú používateľskú skúsenosť a prispievajú k udržateľnosti dopravy. Cieľom tohto článku je navrhnúť rámec, ktorý bude slúžiť ako základný teoretický rámec, ktorý umožňuje systematicky hodnotiť kvalitu a komplexnosť týchto digitálnych nástrojov. Tento rámec je dostatočne robustný pre systematické porovnanie, ale zároveň dostatočne flexibilný na prispôsobenie rôznym cieľom. Umožňuje prepojiť technické charakteristiky aplikácií s očakávaniami používateľov a posilniť tak kvalitu a efektivitu verejnej dopravy v digitálnom prostredí. Cieľom navrhovaného rámca pre hodnotenie cestovných aplikácií vo verejnej osobnej doprave je objektívne a systematicky vyhodnotiť digitálne cestovné aplikácie používané vo verejnej osobnej doprave z hľadiska ich funkčných, technologických a behaviorálnych parametrov
“Persistence of Difference”: the National-Cultural Identity of the Cornish as a People on the Periphery of Britain
No full textCornish identity has been shaped by both Celtic and English influences. The county’s proximity to other Celtic peoples and its position on the periphery of Britain has fostered a “persistence of difference,” which, in turn, helped create a clear national-cultural identity, unique among other English counties. Cornish identity is also tied to forces of nature, industry, and tourism and, since the 19th century, the region and its people have experienced many changes, threats, and challenges. It has been during these times of upheaval and change that the Cornish have sought outlets to express and preserve their culture and infuse them with a distinct Cornish identity. The present paper discusses such cultural markers as language variety, politics, sport, and religion in this context and suggests that the Cornish, as a minority population group, have a national-cultural identity distinct from that of the majority English population, and that the position of the Cornish, as an ethnic group, is similar to that of minority groups in other countries (e.g. Basques, Catalans, or Rusyns)
Rewriting the Mothers in Joyce’s Dubliners for the 21st Century: Oona Frawley’s “The Boarding House” and Elske Rahill’s “A Mother”
No full textWithin the multifaceted portrayals of the people in James Joyce’s seminal short story collection Dubliners (1914), a complex and not particularly positive portrayal of motherhood emerges, as the mothers attempt to support their children in ways that may appear rather problematic. For example, in “The Boarding House,” Mrs Mooney manoeuvres the well-off Mr Doran into an affair and, consequently, a wedding with her daughter, knowing he will be careful not to harm his reputation. Similarly, in “A Mother,” Mrs Kearney attempts to use the Irish Revival to improve her family’s social standing by arranging for her daughter Kathleen to be hired as an accompanist for four concerts, and then later insists on Kathleen being paid all the promised money regardless of the changing circumstances. In 2014, the collection Dubliners 100: Fifteen New Stories Inspired by the Original was published, with each story set in the early twenty-first century and adapted by a different contemporary Irish writer. This article thus aims to show how two women writers, Oona Frawley and Elske Rahill, rewrite and update Joyce’s portrayal of Irish motherhood in their versions of “The Boarding House” and “A Mother.
Contactless System for Wheelsets’ Angle of Attack Measurement
No full textPříspěvek se zabývá návrhem senzorického systému, který je schopen spojitě měřit úhel náběhu dvojkolí. Cílem je vyvinout bezkontaktní způsob měření úhlu náběhu dvojkolí pomocí senzorů umístěných na vozidle, který je aplikovatelný při testech dle EN14363 a potencionálně i v reálném provozu jako součást systémů aktivního radiálního stavění dvojkolí. Příspěvek se zaměřuje na nalezení vhodného typu senzorů a jejich umístění a výsledky testování v laboratorních podmínkách.The paper deals with the design of a sensor system for the detection of angle of attack of wheelsets relative to the track. The goal is to develop a contactless, vehicle-mounted method of measuring the angle of attack of wheelsets applicable in tests according to EN14363 and potentially also on vehicles in real operation as part of active radial wheel steering systems. The paper focuses on selection the appropriate type of sensors and their placement, as well as the results of testing in laboratory conditions
Electromagnetically Excited Resonance States of a Membrane Coupling and a Pinion of a Locomotive Fully-Suspended Drive and Their Sensitivity on Torsion Stiffnesses
No full textČlánek se zabývá jevem torzních oscilací ve zcela odpruženém pohonu lokomotivy. Konkrétně se zaměřuje na vybuzené rezonanční stavy membránové spojky a pastorku a na jejich citlivost na torzní tuhosti přiléhajících torzních pružin. Zdrojem buzení tohotorezonančního kmitání jsou harmonické složky elektromagnetického momentu trakčního asynchronního motoru. Předchozí výzkum ukázal, jak jsou amplitudy budících harmonických složek závislé na otáčkách motoru. Navazující výzkum, prezentovaný v tomto článku, se dále věnuje zkoumání možností eliminace vybuzených rezonančních stavů přeladěním této torzní soustavy prostřednictvím změn torzní tuhosti konkrétních torzních pružin. Ty v konstrukci reálného zcela odpruženého pohonu představují hřídel rotoru a membránu spojky.The article deals with the phenomenon of torsion oscillations in a fully-suspended drive of a locomotive. Specifically, it focuses on excited resonance states of a membrane coupling and a pinion and on their sensitivity on torsion stiffnesses of adjacent torsion springs. The source of excitation of this resonance oscillations are harmonic components of the electromagnetic torque of a traction asynchronous motor. Subsequent research, presented in this article, is further oriented on investigation of elimination possibilities of the resonance states via retuning of torsion stiffnesses of specific torsion springs. These represents a rotor shaft and a membrane coupling in the real fully-suspended drive
The Installation of Maximilian Oldrich of Kounic-Rietberg as the Moravian Land Captain
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The Moravian Land Captain represented a leading figure who headed the Moravian royal tribunal and presided over the proceedings of the Land Diet and other provincial bodies. The path to this office was not an easy one. Candidates were required to meet high standards, and influential supporters at court were also indispensable. The pinnacle of this journey for the new captain was the ceremonial installation at the Land House in Brno. The aim of this study is to analyse the process of the Land Captain’s installation, from his selection to the subsequent celebrations
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