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Language Students and Interpreters at the Mid-seventeenth-century Habsburg Embassy in Constantinople
No full textThis paper addresses the topic of the early modern Habsburg-Ottoman relationship through the special aspect of interpreting and translating in a multicultural environment at the Sublime Porte. More precisely, it focuses on interpreters – in Ottoman context the so called “dragomans” – of the mid- eventeenthcentury Habsburg embassy in Constantinople: Josephus Barbatus, Giovanni Battista Corel and Nicusio Panaiotti. The analysis of their activity as imperial interpreters gives a solid overview of the professional abilities, competences and personal characteristics which were advantageous or disadvantageous for this position; furthermore, it also sheds light upon the various requirements and selection criteria of the imperial government towards interpreters. The paper also reflects investigations concerning the efforts of the Habsburg Court in Vienna in order to create a corps of loyal and competent professional interpreters trained in Constantinople especially for acquiring the necessary skills of Oriental languages in the mentioned period.This paper addresses the topic of the early modern Habsburg-Ottoman relationship through the special aspect of interpreting and translating in a multicultural environment at the Sublime Porte. More precisely, it focuses on interpreters – in Ottoman context the so called “dragomans” – of the mid- eventeenthcentury Habsburg embassy in Constantinople: Josephus Barbatus, Giovanni Battista Corel and Nicusio Panaiotti. The analysis of their activity as imperial interpreters gives a solid overview of the professional abilities, competences and personal characteristics which were advantageous or disadvantageous for this position; furthermore, it also sheds light upon the various requirements and selection criteria of the imperial government towards interpreters. The paper also reflects investigations concerning the efforts of the Habsburg Court in Vienna in order to create a corps of loyal and competent professional interpreters trained in Constantinople especially for acquiring the necessary skills of Oriental languages in the mentioned period
THE WALL CRANEAND HIS MECHANISMS
No full textPříspěvek popisuje konstrukční návrh modelu otočného nástěnného jeřábu. Jeřábový vozík nástěnného jeřábu, ve formě tažené kočky je osazen zdvihovým mechanismem, je instalován na výložníku modelu nástěnného jeřábu.This entry describe constructional design of a model wall crane. A crane trolley of the wall crane, in design as drawing crane is equipped trolley by lifting device, is situation of a jib of the model wall crane
A LA CARTE PRICING AS A PART OF PRICE MIX OF LOW COST AIR CARRIERS
No full textČlánek je zaměřen na cenový mix užívaný nízkonákladovými leteckými dopravci se zvláštním zaměřením na specifickou cenotvorbu a la carte. V první části jsou nastíněna specifika cenového mixu leteckých nízkonákladových dopravců a postavení cenotvorby a la carte v rámci mixu. Obecná východiska jsou uvažována při realizaci analýzy zaměřené na určení míry a formy aplikace a la carte cenotvorby. V závěru článku jsou diskutovány a zhodnoceny získané poznatky.The paper deals with the price mix used by the low cost air carriers with special focus on pricing specifics in case of a la carte pricing. The first part describes price mix specifics by low cost air carriers and the importance of a la carte pricing within this mix. General way-outs are considered when realizing of the analysis focused on specifying of the application degree and form when using a la carte pricing. Gained findings are discussed and evaluated in the conclusion of the paper
ADVISEMENT OF COORDINATION OF RAILWAY PASSENGER TRANSPORT AND BUS TRANSPORT IN THE SELECTED TRACK SECTION
No full textParallel paths (concurrency) of connections in the public passenger transport has a negative impact on the distribution of subsidies for different types of public passenger transport. In coordination of connections the railway passenger transport and bus services should be assessed several aspects, such as the profitability of operation, time availability, spatial accessibility and continuity of connections, also need to take into account the extent of the transport infrastructure in the specific area
DEFINITION OF SPECIFIC WHEEL AND RAIL PROFILES
No full textPri modelovaní dynamiky jazdy koľajového vozidla je jedným z dôležitých vstupných parametrov geometria profilu jazdnej plochy kolesa a koľajnice. Bežne dostupné simulačné programy disponujú databázami obsahujúcimi niektoré normalizované profily, resp. umožňujú profil do databázy doplniť. Komplikácia však nastáva v prípade, keď je v simulačnej analýze nutné použiť špecifický profil. Jeho geometriu je potrebné zadať v požadovanom tvare nutnom pre zabezpečenie kompatibility so štruktúrou vstupov výpočtového softvéru, teda vo forme koordinát bodov, ktorými je možné preložiť krivku a definovať tak požadovaný profil. Simulačné programy však nedisponujú možnosťou efektívneho generovania týchto koordinát. Nakoľko sa jedná o zdĺhavý proces, autorský kolektív vytvoril program umožňujúci definovanie profilov na základe ich bežnej výkresovej dokumentácie.In modeling the dynamics of a rail vehicle ride, one of the important input parameters is the profile geometry of the wheel and rail treads. Commonly available simulation programs have databases containing some standardized profiles, or allow the profile to be added to the database. However, complications arise when a specific profile is required in the simulation analysis. Its geometry must be entered in the required form necessary to ensure compatibility with the structure of the inputs of the computational software, that is, in the form of coordinates of the knot points that can be used to render the curve and thus define the desired profile. Simulation programs, however, do not have the ability to efficiently generate these coordinates. Since this is a lengthy process, the author team has created a program to define profiles based on their common drawing documentation
The Atheism, Agnosticism and Criticism of Religion of Robert Ingersoll in the Context of the Czech Freethinking Movement
No full textIn the American society in the 19th century, still prevailingly Christian, proclamations of faithlessness and calls for a purely scientific worldview occasionally appeared. Religion was perceived as an obstacle to efforts toward scientific materialism. A leading representative and popularizer of such an attitude was the American humanist, thinker, orator and lawyer Robert Green Ingersoll, whose works have been translated into many languages, including Czech. Ingersoll became a very popular figure, inspiring freethought circles both in the United States and in Europe. As a keen critic of religion, he ranked among the key American advocates for free thought, humanism, and the propagation of scientific knowledge. The paper discusses his specific form of faithlessness (agnosticism rather than atheism) and introduces a typology categorizing strategies of his criticism of the religious worldview in the context of Czech intellectual and freethinking movement of the first third of the 20th century
Passive Dolls and Gothic Escapes: Angela Carter’s and Margaret Atwood’s Early Novels
No full textThe article deals with Shadow Dance (1966) and Love (1971) by Angela Carter; and The Edible Woman (1969) and Lady Oracle (1976) by Margaret Atwood. It focuses on Carter’s and Atwood’s treatment of popular genres, especially the genres of romance and Gothic. Although their early writing depicts passive characters who are often presented as doll-like and paralyzed, they develop from victims to survivors. In this respect, Carter and Atwood exploit romance and Gothic to re-write and parody the pre-determined roles and stereotypical conclusions which these traditional genres contain
Economic Boycott in Response to Anti-Semitism Using the Example of the Second Czechoslovak Republic
No full textThe economic boycott of Nazi Germany became one of the weapons in the fight against the anti-Semitism of the Nazi regime. During the 1930s, it continued in different power and was also directed against other states where anti-Jewish actions were taking place. That is why the Second Czechoslovak Republic, in which the domestic right wing was heard louder and louder and which, at the same time, found itself under the strong pressure from Germany, was affected by the boycott, too. In spite of the government’s effort to preserve the tradition of religious and racial tolerance, anti-Jewish attacks, mostly verbal, but gradually even real, took place at different levels, resulting in attempts to declare a boycott of Czech-Slovak goods exported to democratic states, especially the USA.The economic boycott of Nazi Germany became one of the weapons in the fight against the anti-Semitism of the Nazi regime. During the 1930s, it continued in different power and was also directed against other states where anti-Jewish actions were taking place. That is why the Second Czechoslovak Republic, in which the domestic right wing was heard louder and louder and which, at the same time, found itself under the strong pressure from Germany, was affected by the boycott, too. In spite of the government’s effort to preserve the tradition of religious and racial tolerance, anti-Jewish attacks, mostly verbal, but gradually even real, took place at different levels, resulting in attempts to declare a boycott of Czech-Slovak goods exported to democratic states, especially the USA
The Illusion of Power or Relentless Reality? Ceremonial and Ritual Practices at the Court of Moscow in the Middle of the 17th Century through the Eyes of the Imperial Diplomats
No full textThe main aim of the contribution is to show upon the background of the diplomatic missions of the Habsburg diplomats – Allegretto Allegretti and Johann Theodor of Lorbach (1655–1656), Johann Christoph of Fragstein and Christoph Beuer of Binnen (1657–1658) – how the ceremonial and ritual practices at the Tsar’s court were perceived by these mentioned diplomats. Furthermore, how there were reflected particular means of visualisation of the political status of the Habsburg representatives on the one hand and of the Russian head of state and his councellors and advisers on the other hand. These mutual encounters of at the first sight completely different worlds of thoughts and value systems could not avoid cultural clashes and misunderstandings (the arguments about the usage of right titles, about rules of precendence, the Tsar’s inappropriate gestures during official meetings, the Russians, imposing of their arrogant behaviour on the Habsburg diplomats).The main aim of the contribution is to show upon the background of the diplomatic missions of the Habsburg diplomats – Allegretto Allegretti and Johann Theodor of Lorbach (1655–1656), Johann Christoph of Fragstein and Christoph Beuer of Binnen (1657–1658) – how the ceremonial and ritual practices at the Tsar’s court were perceived by these mentioned diplomats. Furthermore, how there were reflected particular means of visualisation of the political status of the Habsburg representatives on the one hand and of the Russian head of state and his councellors and advisers on the other hand. These mutual encounters of at the first sight completely different worlds of thoughts and value systems could not avoid cultural clashes and misunderstandings (the arguments about the usage of right titles, about rules of precendence, the Tsar’s inappropriate gestures during official meetings, the Russians, imposing of their arrogant behaviour on the Habsburg diplomats)
THE MARITIME ROUTE SOUTHEAST ASIA - EUROPE
No full textPredmetom článku je priblíženie sa k problematike prepravy nákladu medzi juhovýchodnou Áziou a Európou prostredníctvom štruktúry námorného systému. Zvláštna pozornosť je venovaná námorným prieplavom a úžinám na tejto trase.
The goal of the paper are the issues of cargo transport between the Far East and Europy by the structure of maritime system. Special attention is devoted to maritme canals and straits on this route
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