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IMPACT OF NEUTRALIZATION OF TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE ROAD CARRIER
No full textV roku 1956 bol prijatý významný dokument v oblasti cestnej nákladnej dopravy - Dohovor CMR. Jeho prijatím sa zjednotili niektoré pravidlá v medzinárodnej preprave tovarov. Zjednotila sa najmä sprievodná dokumentácia zásielky a zodpovednosť cestného dopravcu. Od prijatia Dohovoru CMR sa zmenil spôsob výpočtu zodpovednosti dopravcu, ktorý zaviedol Protokol k Dohovoru CMR. Protokol zmenil systém výpočtu zodpovednosti zo zlatého franku na systém založený na zvláštnych právach čerpania Sprievodná dokumentácia je zjednotená v cestnej nákladnej doprave v podobe nákladného listu CMR. Preukázalo sa, že neutralizácia nákladného listu sa v niektorých prípadoch využíva pri podvode na odosielateľovi. Cieľom príspevku je zistiť dopad využívania neutralizácie nákladného listu na zodpovednosť dopravcu a postoj poisťovne voči dopravcovi v prípade preukázania neutralizácie nákladného listu CMR. Z dôvodu, že prijatie Protokolu nie je samozrejmosťou, existujú členské krajiny Dohovoru, ktoré Protokol neprijali. Vzhľadom na to, že v súčasnosti teda existujú dva spôsoby ohraničenia zodpovednosti cestného dopravcu, chceme taktiež poukázať na dôležitosť prijatia Protokolu k Dohovoru CMR a jeho vplyv na konkurencieschopnosť v prípade ak dopravcovi hrozí riziko z vykonania neutralizácie.In 1956, an important document in the field of road freight transport was adopted - the CMR Convention. Its adoption unified certain rules in the international carriage of goods. This unified in particular the accompanying documentation of the consignment and the liability of the road carrier. Since the adoption of the CMR Convention, the method of calculating the liability of the carrier, which has introduced the Protocol to the CMR Convention, has changed. The Protocol changed the system for calculating liability from a gold franc to a system based on special drawing rights. The accompanying documentation is unified in road freight transport in the form of a CMR consignment note. In recent years, carriers have been required to neutralize this accompanying document. It has been shown that neutralization of the consignment note is used in some cases for fraud on the consignor. The aim of the paper is to determine the impact of the use of neutralization of the CMR consignment note on the liability of the carrier and the attitude of the insurance company towards the carrier in case of proving the neutralization of the CMR consignment note. As the adoption of the Protocol is not a matter of course, there are the Member States of the Convention which have not accepted the Protocol. Given that there are currently two ways of limiting the liability of a road carrier, we also want to point out the importance of adopting the Protocol to the CMR Convention and its impact on competitiveness if the carrier is exposed to the risk of neutralization
THE INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION OF SEMITRAILERS
No full textThe paper focuses on intermodal transportation systems for semitrailers in Europe. Transportation of semitrailers by rail is a good alternative to direct road transport. In the paper, individual systems are presented and their characteristics are explained. The characteristics of individual transportation systems are the inputs into the WSA and the TOPSIS methods. The results of the methods answers the question which semitrailer transportation system is the most suitable (beneficial) for trucking companies today. The paper may be a source of information for state authorities, trucking companies, intermodal transportation operators and terminal operators
Cardinal Purple for Maximilian of Pernstein. A Contribution to Aristocratic Women’s Political Communication
No full textThe aim of the study is to show what means and methods served noblewomen in the early modern period when communicating with the papal court. The studied issue will be analysed through the example of Maria Manrique de Lara, who at the beginning of the 1590s attempted to help her second-born son Maximilian of Pernstein work his way up to the College of Cardinals.The aim of the study is to show what means and methods served noblewomen in the early modern period when communicating with the papal court. The studied issue will be analysed through the example of Maria Manrique de Lara, who at the beginning of the 1590s attempted to help her second-born son Maximilian of Pernstein work his way up to the College of Cardinals
DESIGN OF STRUCTURE AND KINEMATIC LAYOUT OF PARTS OF MECHANISM WITH ROTATING CYLINDERS
No full textČlánok sa zaoberá konštrukčným návrhom kinematického usporiadania mechanizmu s rotujúcimi valcami a jeho využitia najmä v piestových spaľovacích motoroch v modifikácii zážihového alebo vznetového a to dvojtaktného alebo štvortaktného motora. Celý mechanizmus bude navrhovaný s cieľom úplnej eliminácie bočnej (normálovej) sily na piest tým spôsobom, že uhol β kyvu ojnice musí byť v každej polohe mechanizmu nulový. To bude zabezpečené kinematikou ojnice, ktorá by sa mala pohybovať iba v osi valcaThe paper deals with the constructional design of kinematic arrangement of mechanism with rotating cylinders and its use especially in piston combustion engines (spark-ignition engine and diesel engine), which may be two or four-stroke engines. The entire mechanism will be designed with the aim to completely eliminate the side (normal) force acting on the piston by ensuring a zero angle of connecting rod swing β at each mechanism position. This will be ensured by connecting rod’s kinematics – it should only be moved in the cylinder axis
Redefining the Terms of National Belonging in War and Peace in Randolph Bourne’s Critique of the Great War
No full textThis paper looks into Randolph Bourne’s cultural critique at the time of the United States entry into World War I. As one of the few intellectuals who opposed the war, Bourne brought into light the interdependence between war and the State: “War is the health of the State” is his phrase and has resonated ever since. He looked well beyond nationalist hysteria and economic imperialism to examine the reasons for the State to support militarism, but he also sought concrete pacifist alternatives to the U.S. intervention in the war that involved the intellectuals in particular. This paper sheds light on these alternatives based on Bourne’s anti-war writings, namely his proposals for an educational service to prepare the nation for creative rather than destructive action, and the intellectuals’ renewal of the dialogue between democracy and pacifism en route to a transnational understanding of community and belonging
Language Planning and Policy Issues in Speeches and Addresses of the United States’ Presidents from 1789 to 1901
No full textThis study analyzes language policy and planning (LPP) in the US through presidential communications and speeches during the period from 1789 to 1901, i.e. the period from the George Washington administration ending with the William McKinley administration. The study examines documents of 25 presidents in the target period. It addresses the question of how LPP were understood in presidential documents during the early years of the US foundation. To examine the LPP issues which appeared on the presidential agenda, the searchable “Public Papers” archive of “The American Presidency Project” (http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/), maintained by John Woolley and Gerhard Peters, was used. For clarifying LPP statements the study uses Wiley (1999) and Ruiz (1984) classifications. The study finds that in the examined period, conflicts of values between “national unity” and “equality” were not yet appearing in presidential communication. Discourse in the period is more closely associated with internationalism and pluralism, i.e. nativism, Americanism, “English-only” and human rights movements were still beyond the LPP field. Language policy and planning in the oratory of the first century of the US presidency were oriented towards international relations, treaty negotiations and linguistic accommodation
Formable Fluidity: The Key Consequence of Information Flow in Cyberpunk Fiction
No full textCyberpunk is one of the most recent subgenres to emerge in science fiction. In the represented world of this subgenre, information is the constituting element of all the flows, frameworks and interactions. Within the cyberpunk world, information exercises both fluidity and formability in its manipulations. The fluidity occurs when information manipulates different aspects of the represented world through commodifying and simulative operations, and the formability and containment of the fluidity occur when the conventional conceptualizations of aspects such as time and labor resist losing ground to simulations and its various informational manipulations. As a result, an uneasy coexistence of formability and fluidity is materialized in various aspects of the cyberpunk world, a coexistence which the present study will address as formable fluidity. Through reviewing some key works in the subgenre, the present study investigates the impact of the formable fluidity on the temporal and the occupational aspects of the presented world in cyberpunk fiction. The study assumes that due to the highly fluid and speculative nature of information in cyberpunk fiction, time loses its durational historicity. This subgenre also favors modalities of ownership, capital and labor which have the highest level of mobility and networking, with the commitment to conventional fixities and centralities in the occupational aspects becoming contingent, unstable and temporary
Life Path of Therese Dalberg (1866–1893) to Recovery. Pilgrimage to Lourdes in France
No full textIn the year 2017, the authors of this article published a book called The Life and Works of Therese Dalberg. The Noble Poetess from the Castle of Dačice where they captured the life of this young noblewoman. Unfortunately, they were not able to find out the cause of her death and so Therese\u27s fight against the illness was still shrouded in mystery. However, the presented article should uncover some of unanswered questions related to Therese’s path to recovery, including her stays in various European spas, mainly in Lourdes in France. Most of Therese\u27s life was connected with unending pain, paralysing her body, and seeking solace in God, giving her hope for recovery. Not only Therese, but also the whole family of Dalberg put hope in a pilgrimage place in Lourdes, where Therese travelled with her sisters. This unique pilgrimage became inseparable part of lthe whole family\u27s life. Therefore it is described in detail in this study. Sadly, in spite of all the effort, Therese’s life could not be saved and she passed away before her 27th birthday in 1893.In the year 2017, the authors of this article published a book called The Life and Works of Therese Dalberg. The Noble Poetess from the Castle of Dačice where they captured the life of this young noblewoman. Unfortunately, they were not able to find out the cause of her death and so Therese\u27s fight against the illness was still shrouded in mystery. However, the presented article should uncover some of unanswered questions related to Therese’s path to recovery, including her stays in various European spas, mainly in Lourdes in France. Most of Therese\u27s life was connected with unending pain, paralysing her body, and seeking solace in God, giving her hope for recovery. Not only Therese, but also the whole family of Dalberg put hope in a pilgrimage place in Lourdes, where Therese travelled with her sisters. This unique pilgrimage became inseparable part of lthe whole family\u27s life. Therefore it is described in detail in this study. Sadly, in spite of all the effort, Therese’s life could not be saved and she passed away before her 27th birthday in 1893
THE INFLUENCE OF RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE QUALITY ON COMUTING AND SPATIAL MIGRATION
No full textDemografický vývoj společnosti výrazně ovlivňuje také poptávku po dopravě a opačně změny v kvalitě dopravní infrastruktury mají pozitivní i negativní vliv na demografii měst a obcí. Oba tyto jevy mají společné to, že jsou dlouhodobé, resp. že mají dlouhou dobu náběhu. Tento článek poukazuje na tyto efekty.The demographic development of the society has an influence also on the transport demand and contrary changes in quality of the railway infrastructure have positive and also negative impact on the demography. Both of those effects are long term. This article describes both of those effects
ANALYSIS OF THE TIRE CONTACT AREA PRESSURE ON THE ROAD
No full textThe scientific article is dedicated to tires and the pressure they exert on the road surface. In the paper, we have defined the main structural elements of a tire. We analysed the dimensions of the contact areas and compared the measured values with the calculated ones. The article also deals with legislative conditions in road construction. In the next section we compare the design axle with the contact surfaces of the most frequently used tires. The results are summarized in tables and with a percentage difference. Based on this analysis, we came to the conclusion which tires have an impact on the road. At the end of the article we present possible solutions tothe problem with their advantages and disadvantages
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