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DETERMINATION OF THE OCTANE NUMBER OF AUTOMOTIVE GASOLINES BY FTIR SPECTROMETRY WITH CHEMOMETRICS
No full textThe quality of motor fuels is more and more strictly controlled in connection with many factors - users are particularly interested in the anti-knock resistance of automotive gasolines, quantitatively expressed by the value of the research octane number (RON). The paper presents FTIR spectrometry in conjunction with chemometry as an alternative method to the standardized determination of the octane number of gasoline by a research method according to ČSN EN ISO 5164. An FTIR-PLS regression model working with spectra in the range of 650–4000 cm-1 was proposed for ON prediction. With this model, a very strong dependence (R=0.996) was achieved between the predicted of octane number values and the values determined by the standardized method; the calibration error was 0.414.The quality of motor fuels is more and more strictly controlled in connection with many factors - users are particularly interested in the anti-knock resistance of automotive gasolines, quantitatively expressed by the value of the research octane number (RON). The paper presents FTIR spectrometry in conjunction with chemometry as an alternative method to the standardized determination of the octane number of gasoline by a research method according to ČSN EN ISO 5164. An FTIR-PLS regression model working with spectra in the range of 650–4000 cm-1 was proposed for ON prediction. With this model, a very strong dependence (R=0.996) was achieved between the predicted of octane number values and the values determined by the standardized method; the calibration error was 0.414
Alain CORBIN, Dějiny ticha: Od renesance do naší doby, Praha, Argo 2022, 114 s. ISBN 978-80-257-3857-3.
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VPLYV PANDÉMIE COVID-19 NA VYUŽÍVANIE SLUŽIEB ŽELEZNIČNEJ DOPRAVY NA SLOVENSKU
No full textThis paper deals with the impact of measures introduced in the first half of 2020 on rail passenger transport in the Slovak Republic in order to slow down the spread of the virus during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper contains a chronological list of measures introduced by carriers and infrastructure managers during the first wave of the pandemic in rail transport. The main objective of the paper is to investigate and analyze the drop in transport performance in each month of the first half of 2020 and the subsequent estimation of the impact of these changes on the passenger rail sector. The transport performance is then analyzed during three important transport sessions in the Slovak Republic, comparing the years 2018, 2019, and 2020.Uvedený príspevok sa zaoberá dopadom opatrení zavedených v prvom polroku 2020 na železničnú osobnú dopravu v Slovenskej republike za účelom spomalenia šírenia vírusu počas prvej vlny pandémie COVID-19. Príspevok obsahuje chronologický zoznam opatrení zavedených dopravcami a správcom infraštruktúry počas prvej vlny pandémie v železničnej doprave. Hlavným cieľom príspevku je skúmať a analyzovať prepad prepravných výkonov v jednotlivých mesiacoch prvého polroku 2020 a následný odhad vplyvu týchto zmien na sektor osobnej železničnej dopravy. Prepravné výkony sú následne analyzované na troch významných prepravných reláciách v Slovenskej republike, pričom sú porovnávané roky 2018, 2019 a 2020
AN OVERVIEW OF TEST INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS ON OPEN ROADS TO TEST CONNECTED AND AUTOMATED VEHICLES
No full textOpen road testing is an essential stage of the process of approving driver assistance and other self-driving functions. However several countries have opened their network with or without limitations for autonomous vehicle testing, there are some sections where the infrastructure was designed to support testing. The aim of this article is to give an overview of such open road testing facilities around the world, introducing the main purposes, the used infrastructure (eg. sensor network, communication) and features (eg. data processing, and control functions), and compare them to the planned investments in Hungary
The Postmodern Challenge of Historiography in Contemporary Canadian Fiction: : Kate Pullinger’s Weird Sister and the Silent Voices in History
No full textAs defined by Georg G. Iggers and promoted by Hayden White, the postmodern challenge of historiography calls into question the objective enquiry and truth value of history writing. Many works of fiction have embodied this trend, embracing the challenge by exploring objectivity and the retrievability of the past. In contemporary Canadian literature, such cases are also to be found. The novel Weird Sister (1999) by Kate Pullinger thematizes history and history writing, utilizes Gothic elements, and employs the elements of historiographic metafiction, e.g. as characterized by Linda Hutcheon. The book features characters representing the so‐called silent voices whose testimony had remained lost in the official historical record. This paper aims to show that the depiction of the impossibility of uncovering the truth about the past represents a significant contribution by contemporary fiction authors to the postmodern challenge of historiography, with Pullinger’s novel emerging as a notable contribution to this discourse
The Social Impact of the American Eugenics Movement
No full textThis paper explores the American eugenics movement and the manifestation of its ideas in society. Americaneugenics thought is mainly characterized by its strong focus on the elimination of socially undesirable individuals. The two main targets of American eugenics, the feebleminded and new immigrants, are discussed in this text, with the main focus legally implemented measures such as forced sterilization and restrictions on immigration, along with the legacy of these actions. This examination of American eugenics points out a clear continuity with Nazi ideology, an association which in the end also contributed to the fall of the official American eugenics movement. To explore the theoretical framework of the movement, works by Charles Davenport and Madison Grant are examined
Murders on the Campus
No full text[Review of The Contemporary Academic Mystery Novel: A Study in Genre by Elżbieta Perkowska-Gawlik (Peter Lang, 2021)
VZŤAH MEDZI SPIRITUALITOU A VÝSKYTOM DEPRESÍVNYCH PRÍZNAKOV U SENIOROV
No full textVýchodiská: Svet v súčasnosti čelí globálnemu nárastu starnúcej populácie, čo súvisí s nárastom disability a zvyšovaním výdavkov na sociálnu a zdravotnú starostlivosť. Depresia je jednou z najčastejších príčin disability. Súčasné výskumy poukazujú na významný dosah spirituality a religiozity vo vzťahu k depresii a duševnému zdraviu. Cieľ: Analyzovať vzťah medzi spiritualitou a výskytom depresívnych príznakov u seniorov. Metódy: Emitovaná bola Škála spirituality a Zungov sebahodnotiaci dotazník depresie. Pearsonov korelačný koeficient, analýza rozptylu a lineárna regresná analýza boli použité na analýzu dát. Výsledky: Vo vzorke 250 seniorov, miera závažnosti depresívnej symptomatológie signifikantne stúpala s vekom, u seniorov žijúcich osamele, so základným vzdelaním a tých, ktorí sa nepovažovali za spirituálnu alebo náboženskú osobu. Signifikantne vyššia miera spirituality s kladnou valenciou bola zaznamenaná u starších seniorov, žien, vysokoškolsky vzdelaných a tých, ktorí sa považovali za veľmi spirituálnu alebo náboženskú osobu. Nižšia frekvencia depresívnych symptómov bola signifikantne predikovaná vyššou mierou spirituality, vyšším vekom a nižším vzdelaním. Podobný efekt vo vzťahu k depresívnym prejavom mala aj vnímaná dôležitosť náboženstva, v živote seniorov, modlitby a čítanie náboženskej literatúry. Závery: Spiritualita/náboženstvo bolo identifikované ako malý, ale signifikantný protektívny faktor v prevencii depresie. Vzhľadom na to sa ako vhodné javí aplikovanie spirituálnych/náboženských intervencií do starostlivosti o seniorov.Background: The world is currently facing a global increase in ageing population, which is associated with an increase in disability, and an increase in social and health care spending. Depression is one of the most common causes of disability. Current research shows the significant impact of spirituality and religiosity in relation to depression and mental health. Objectives: To analyse the relationship between spirituality and the prevalence of depressive symptoms among seniors. Methods: The Spirituality Scale (SS) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were administered. Pearson\u27s correlation coefficient, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression analysis were used for data analyse. Results: In a sample of 250 seniors, the severity level of depressive symptomatology increased significantly with age, in seniors living alone, those with primary education and those who did not consider themselves to be spiritual or religious. Significantly higher levels of spirituality with positive valence were observed among older seniors, women, those with a university education, and those who considered themselves to be a very spiritual or religious person. Lower frequency of depressive symptoms was significantly predicted by higher levels of spirituality, older age, and lower education. The perceived importance of religion in the lives of seniors, praying a reading the Bible predicted a lower frequency of depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Spirituality/religion was identified as a small but significant protective factor in the prevention of depression. In view of this, the application of spiritual interventions in care of the elderly appears to be appropriate. Východiská: Svet v súčasnosti čelí globálnemu nárastu starnúcej populácie, čo súvisí s nárastom disability a zvyšovaním výdavkov na sociálnu a zdravotnú starostlivosť. Depresia je jednou z najčastejších príčin disability. Súčasné výskumy poukazujú na významný dosah spirituality a religiozity vo vzťahu k depresii a duševnému zdraviu. Cieľ: Analyzovať vzťah medzi spiritualitou a výskytom depresívnych príznakov u seniorov. Metódy: Emitovaná bola Škála spirituality a Zungov sebahodnotiaci dotazník depresie. Pearsonov korelačný koeficient, analýza rozptylu a lineárna regresná analýza boli použité na analýzu dát. Výsledky: Vo vzorke 250 seniorov, miera závažnosti depresívnej symptomatológie signifikantne stúpala s vekom, u seniorov žijúcich osamele, so základným vzdelaním a tých, ktorí sa nepovažovali za spirituálnu alebo náboženskú osobu. Signifikantne vyššia miera spirituality s kladnou valenciou bola zaznamenaná u starších seniorov, žien, vysokoškolsky vzdelaných a tých, ktorí sa považovali za veľmi spirituálnu alebo náboženskú osobu. Nižšia frekvencia depresívnych symptómov bola signifikantne predikovaná vyššou mierou spirituality, vyšším vekom a nižším vzdelaním. Podobný efekt vo vzťahu k depresívnym prejavom mala aj vnímaná dôležitosť náboženstva, v živote seniorov, modlitby a čítanie náboženskej literatúry. Závery: Spiritualita/náboženstvo bolo identifikované ako malý, ale signifikantný protektívny faktor v prevencii depresie. Vzhľadom na to sa ako vhodné javí aplikovanie spirituálnych/náboženských intervencií do starostlivosti o seniorov
The Attitudes of Nurses Towards Inpatient Aggression And Selected Staff Characteristics: a Cross-sectional Study
No full textIntroduction: The attitude of nurses to the patient aggression may also reflect how they interpret its function or what meaning they attribute to aggressive patient behaviour. These attitudes are subsequently manifested in the way, in which nurses behave towards aggressive patients and manage aggression. Methods: The study aimed to identify the attitudes of nurses from various clinical areas to the inpatient aggression and to reveal differences in attitudes based on selected staff characteristics. The study has a quantitative cross-sectional design. Nurses’ attitudes towards the inpatient aggression were identified by means of the Attitude Towards Aggression Scale (ATAS©) distinguishing five types of attitudes represented by five domains named as offensive, destructive, intrusive, communicative, and protective domains. The prevalence of patient aggression towards nurses was determined using the Violence and Aggression of Patients Scale (VAPS). The sample consisted of 1220 nurses from nine selected faculty or university hospitals in the Slovak Republic. Results: The highest scores were identified in the ATAS© domains representing a negative perception of patient aggression in terms of destruction, offensive, or intrusion; on the other hand, nurses were open also to a positive perception of patient aggression. Conclusion: The results of our study point to the need for a deeper investigation into the issue of nurses’ attitudes towards aggressive patients. Nurses’ negative attitudes towards patient aggression can have an adverse effect on the quality of care provided to aggressive patients, thus it is crucial to identify these attitudes and implement lifelong-learning interventions to reduce them.Introduction: The attitude of nurses to the patient aggression may also reflect how they interpret its function or what meaning they attribute to aggressive patient behaviour. These attitudes are subsequently manifested in the way, in which nurses behave towards aggressive patients and manage aggression. Methods: The study aimed to identify the attitudes of nurses from various clinical areas to the inpatient aggression and to reveal differences in attitudes based on selected staff characteristics. The study has a quantitative cross-sectional design. Nurses’ attitudes towards the inpatient aggression were identified by means of the Attitude Towards Aggression Scale (ATAS©) distinguishing five types of attitudes represented by five domains named as offensive, destructive, intrusive, communicative, and protective domains. The prevalence of patient aggression towards nurses was determined using the Violence and Aggression of Patients Scale (VAPS). The sample consisted of 1220 nurses from nine selected faculty or university hospitals in the Slovak Republic. Results: The highest scores were identified in the ATAS© domains representing a negative perception of patient aggression in terms of destruction, offensive, or intrusion; on the other hand, nurses were open also to a positive perception of patient aggression. Conclusion: The results of our study point to the need for a deeper investigation into the issue of nurses’ attitudes towards aggressive patients. Nurses’ negative attitudes towards patient aggression can have an adverse effect on the quality of care provided to aggressive patients, thus it is crucial to identify these attitudes and implement lifelong-learning interventions to reduce them.Úvod: Postoj sestier k agresii pacientov môže reflektovať aj to, ako interpretujú jej funkciu resp. aký význam pripisujú agresívnemu správaniu sa pacientov. Tieto postoje sa následne odrážajú v správaní sestier voči agresívnym pacientom a v spôsobe manažmentu agresie, pričom sú ovplyvnené viacerými faktormi, vrátane osobnej skúsenosti s agresiou pacientov. Metódy: Cieľom štúdie bolo identifikovať postoje sestier z rôznych klinických pracovísk k agresii hospitalizovaných pacientov a odhaliť rozdiely v postojoch na základe vybraných charakteristík. Štúdia má kvantitatívny prierezový dizajn. Postoj sestier k agresii hospitalizovaných pacientov bol identifikovaný prostredníctvom škály Attitude Towards Aggression Scale (ATAS©) rozlišujúcej päť typov postoja reprezentovaných piatimi doménami pomenovanými ako ofenzívna, deštruktívna, intruzívna, komunikatívna a protektívna doména. Prevalenciu agresie pacientov voči sestrám sme zisťovali prostredníctvom škály Violence and Aggression of Patients Scale (VAPS). Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 1220 sestier z deviatich vybraných fakultných alebo univerzitných nemocníc Slovenskej republiky. Výsledky: V súbore sme identifikovali najvyššie skóre v doménach ATAS© reprezentujúcich negatívne vnímanie agresie pacienta v zmysle deštrukcie, ofenzívy alebo intrúzie; na druhej strane, sestry boli otvorené aj pozitívnemu vnímaniu agresie pacientov. Zistili sme, že postoje sestier boli signifikantne ovplyvnené klinickým pracoviskom, kde sestry aktuálne pracovali, prevádzkou pracoviska, vzdelaním sestier a osobnou skúsenosťou s agresiou pacientov v priebehu posledného roku ich praxe. Záver: Výsledky našej štúdie poukazujú na potrebu hlbšieho výskumu problematiky postojov sestier voči agresívnym pacientom. Negatívne postoje sestier voči agresii pacientov môžu mať nepriaznivý dopad na kvalitu starostlivosti poskytovanej agresívnym pacientom, nevyhnutné je preto identifikovať tieto postoje a realizovať intervencie v rámci celoživotného vzdelávania zamerané na ich redukciu
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