International journal of health sciences
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Formulation and in-vivo evaluation of nanosponges based tramadol HCL C/R tablets using design of experiment
Get PDFThe current study was aimed to develop a controlled release formulation of tramadol utilizing the cyclodextrin based nanosponges. Box-Behnken design was employed to study the effect of each independent variable on dependent variables. Five types of nanosponges from β-cyclodextrin (NS1-NS5) were purposely designed. The prepared nanosponges by freeze drying method were characterized and formulated into tablets and evaluated for in-vitro and in-vivo studies. The particle sizes of tramadol-nanosponges are in between 34.38 to 134.26 nm, encapsulation efficiency of 41.13-86.72% and drug release% at 6h of 52.34-81.12%. More than 90 % of drug was found to be released from nanosponge formulations. The FTIR, DSC and XRPD studies confirmed the interaction of Tramadol with nanosponges. The nanosponges Cmax of 915.24±1.67 ng/ml was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the marketed product's Cmax of 411.5±1.25 ng/ml. Both the nanosponges formulation and the commercial product had Tmax values of 1.5±0.06 and 2.0±0.05 hours, respectively. When compared to the marketed product (342.6±0.65 ng h/ml), the AUC0-t of the nanosponges formulation (643.2±0.56 ng h/ml) was substantially greater (p<0.05) indicating better systemic drug absorption from nanosponges formulation. Cyclodextrin based nanosponges showed enhanced solubility with increased bioavailability of poorly soluble Tramadol for controlled drug delivery
Acute respiratory distress syndrome: A dreadful medical condition
Get PDFThere are several medical conditions that directly or indirectly lead to pulmonary destruction or acute lung injury or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome e.g. Sepsis, Inhalation of harmful substances, severe pneumonia, Head, chest, or another major injury, Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), massive blood transfusions and burns. Due to some incidences involved in the etiology of ARDS and limited information about the epidemiology, recognition, management, and less significant results regarding patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), shows intense research on ARDS is needed. From an earlier time, this syndrome has been given many names, including congestive atelectasis, traumatic adult respiratory distress syndrome and shock lung. Recently, the new definition of ARDS has been published, and this definition suggested severity-oriented respiratory treatment by introducing three levels of severity consistent with PaO2/FiO2 and positive end-expiratory pressure. Lung-protective ventilation is still the key to a better outcome in ARDS. ARDS is said to a selection of etiologies, carries high morbidity, mortality (10to 90%), and financial cost. This review is an attempt to compile all aspects of the management of ARDS
Effectiveness of an instructional program on mothers knowledge toward child vaccines at primary health care centers in AlـNajaf City
Get PDFObjective(s): The objective of this article is to identify the effectiveness of an instructional program toward mothers' knowledge of child vaccines as well as find the relationship between mothers' knowledge of child vaccines and their demographic data. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study is conducted for the period of October 4th, 2021 to April 19th, 2022. A nonprobability "purposive" sample of (60) mothers (30) for the control group and (30) for the study group was used in the study. Six basic health care centers in the Iraqi city of Al-Najaf were chosen for the sampling. The data is collected using a self-report questionnaire with two parts: the first part deals with the mothers' demographic information and previous history, and the second portion deals with the mothers' knowledge of child vaccines. Results: According to the findings, there is a significantly difference in mothers' knowledge about child immunizations between the study group's post-test knowledge score Except for the educational and occupational status, where there is a statistically significant association. In the control group, there is no significant relationship between mothers' knowledge and demographic characteristics such as age, education, or socio-economic status. 
Causal factors affecting vaccine acceptance behavior of people in Bangkok, Thailand
Get PDFVaccination does not only reduce the severity of the disease, severe morbidity and mortality rates but it also help building herd immunity. This is why the government is trying to push people to get the COVID-19 vaccine as much and as fast as possible. However, what is interesting is that some people refused or do not accept to be vaccinated. The objective of this research was to study the causal factors affecting vaccine acceptance behavior. This research used the quantitative research method. The sample group was people in Bangkok who received the COVID-19 vaccine at least 1 dose for a total of 380 persons. The data were collected with questionnaires and analyzed with a structural equation modeling. The results revealed that cues to action had the greatest overall effect on vaccine acceptance behaviors, followed by perceived barriers, recognition of benefits of treatment and self-efficacy, respectively. The findings can be applied by Ministry of Health to planning operations or guidelines for communicating and understanding with people through various channels to raise knowledge, understanding, and attitudes that will lead to people’s behavior of vaccination acceptance. This is a desirable behavior that is absolutely necessary in the present situation
Managing strategies of transformational leadership to create service standard of boutique hotel in Thailand
Get PDFThe boutique hotels were more of an independent kind of lodging are unlike other hotels in terms of architecture and decoration, as the majority of them are tall buildings. The boutique hotels will exude a distinct sense of place. The tourists are interested in learning about the local culture. Boutique hotels are popular with guests who want to learn about diverse cultures and traditions. Investigate the techniques of change agents in order to build a boutique hotel service standard. Study change leaders' common or unique techniques for building a standard of service boutique hotel in Thailand, and define change leaders' strategies for establishing a standard of service boutique hotel. The major informants were 25 hotel managers and directors from boutique hotels. Grounded theory research of qualitative research using in-depth interview within observation method. The results of the study revealed that, in the idealized influence aspect, hotels leaders used experiences. Expertise in management and problem solving in terms of inspiration motivation, the focus is on communication mainly through discussion, intellectual stimulation, and leadership listening to opinions and support problem solving ideas of employees Individualized consideration take care of employees individually and affect to employees feeling valued and important technology. 
Critical evedenciarcy analysis of 26/11 attacks with reference to cyber-terrorism
Get PDFBy thorough analysis of Mumbai terrorist attacks of 26/11, it was observed that the attacks were form of Cyber terrorism as it was done to convey particular destructive message to the government, sending of threatening emails, defacing of government websites, hacking and cracking of crucial government systems. 'Protected systems' were compromised and civil amenities were disrupted. Digital information systems computer networks which not only affected governing system but also the population of a target area was affected to create a panic or situation of threat. Computer and digital communication networks were main tools of extremists in this case. Also, Supreme Court judgement on Mumbai Attacks case, in para number 57 specifies about use of Google Earth, tampering with telecommunication networks and digital networking shows that the Attack was done by was done by Hi-Tech offenders. Although electronic eavesdropping often yields valuable data, even tantalizing clues can be missed if the technology is not closely monitored, the intelligence gleaned from it is not linked with other information, or analysis does not sift incriminating activity from the ocean of digital data as traced by Inteligence agencies of US, UK and India during investigation of attacks
Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using marasmius palmivorus MG717877.1 and their antifungal activity
Get PDFSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced utilizing Marasmius palmivorus MG717877.1 in the current investigation. The fungal cell filtrate was used to accomplish external production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate (AgNo3) solution. The aqueous silver (Ag) ions in a 1mM AgNo3 aqueous solution were decreased when it was exposed to fungal cell filtrate, resulting in highly stable AgNPs. When challenged with 1mM AgNo3 solution, the fungal biomass acquired AgNPs on its surface, inside the cytoplasmic membrane, and within the cytoplasm in 72 hours. UV was used to characterize the AgNPs that had been produced. For M.palmivorus MG717877.1, the greatest absorbance of AgNPs was recorded at 400nm in the visible spectrum. Furthermore, the FTIR and SEM analyses of silver nanoparticles on these fungus were used to characterize silver nanoparticles. In addition, we tested the antifungal activity of M.palmivorus MG717877.1 at various concentrations, including 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg/ml. The findings revealed that silver nanoparticles produced in a concentration-dependent manner have strong antifungal activity on isolates. At 150 mg of AgNPs, the highest decrease was seen for this isolate
Evaluation of effect of early nasal layer closure on definitive repair in cleft palate patients: An original research
Get PDFIntroduction: Cleft of lip and palate are most common serial congenital anomalies to affect the orofacial region. It can occur isolated or together in various combination and/or along with other congenital deformities particularly congenital heart diseases. Patient with oro-facial cleft deformity needs to be treated at right time and at right age to achieve functional and esthetic well being. The cleft palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies treated by plastic surgeons. The cleft width increases the tension of repair and necessitates excessive dissection that might affect maxillary growth. Decreasing the width of cleft minimize tension, dissection and may limit the impact on maxillary growth. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nasal layer closure of the hard palate at the time of cleft lip repair in patients with complete and incomplete cleft lip and palate, to demonstrate the efficacy of narrowing the gap and to reduce the incidence of fistulae or other complications. Material and Methods: Sixty patients less than 1 year of age were included in this prospective observational study
Mechanical properties and clinical performance of different brands of nickel titanium archwires following intraoral use: A prospective clinical trial
Get PDFObjectives: To evaluate the effect of intraoral use of three brands of nickel titanium archwires on their mechanical properties and crowding relief ability. Methods: Three groups (n=39) of 0.016” round NiTi archwires: Dentaurum (A), American Orthodontics (B) and IMD Orthodontics (C) were subdivided according to the intervention (n=13) into: As-received, no intervention (subgroup 1), in-vivo (subgroup 2), and in-vitro (subgroup 3). Plateau slope, resilience, and elastic modulus of all wires were tested using a universal testing machine. The relief of crowding following intraoral use for 8 weeks was assessed using Little’s irregularity index. Results were significant at p ≤ 0.05. Results: For all NiTi brands, the highest plateau slope value; among the subgroups, was recorded following the intraoral use (in-vivo). For the in-vivo wires (subgroup 2), the Dentaurum wires revealed the lowest plateau slope value (0.258 N/mm ±0.032) while the IMD wires revealed the lowest resilience values (36.24 J.mm-3 ±0.6). There was no significant difference in the modulus of elasticity of wires between all 3 subgroups. The Little’s irregularity index decreased over time, and the difference between the groups was not significant. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of inter-canine width. 
A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of haloperidol from pharmaceutical formulations
Get PDFA simple, sensitive, rapid, accurate and cost effective spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for the estimation of haloperidol in bulk drug and for its pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method is based on the formation of chloroform extractable ion pair complex of haloperidol with bromothymol blue. The absorbance of the coloured extractable ion pair complex is measured at the wavelength of maximum absorbance 420 nm against the reagent blank. Beer’s law is obeyed over a concentration range of 20 to 100 µg/ml of haloperidol, for a linear calibration curve. Results are statistically validated and found to be reproducible