International journal of health sciences
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Interventions to improve vaccination uptake: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Full text linkBackground: Vaccination is a critical public health intervention that significantly reduces morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite its effectiveness, achieving high vaccination coverage remains a challenge, particularly in low-resource settings. Objective: This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of various interventions designed to improve vaccination uptake. Method: The review was guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Literature search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and AJOL) in October 2024 yielding 246 articles. 8 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. JBI critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. Data were extracted, narratively reviewed and pooled using random effect meta-analysis. Results: Final review revealed 8 articles which were from Nigeria (37.5%), Pakistan (25%), Kenya (12.5%), China (12.5%), and Zimbabwe (12.5%). Interventions evaluated were phone calls or SMS (40%), SMS reminders and monetary incentive (20%), SMS reminder and health education (20%), health education (20%), bracelet reminder (20%). The review identified that mobile phone-based reminders, health education, including bracelet reminder significantly improved vaccination coverage. However the result of the meta-analysis showed no statistically pooled effect (RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.93-1.18), with moderate heterogeneity across studies. 
Media accessibility and use-patterns on the occurrence of mental health conditions among youths in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Full text linkGlobally, MHC affects 10 to 20% of youths. Onset for 50% being 14 years. In Kenya, 1 in 10 suffered from a known MHC. Most active media use age-group was 26-35yrs. The study assessed the burden of media accessibility and use-patterns on the occurrence of MHC among youths in NCC, Kenya. Study design was analytical cross-sectional with quantitative and qualitative methods. Data collection involved SSQs, KIIs and FGDs with 24-KIIs and 2-FGDs being conducted. 385-participants selected using simple random sampling method and data analysis conducted using Advanced Excel including descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Transcribing, coding, and classifying was employed. Results indicated statistically significant difference in self-esteem scores between the two groups, t(766) = -2.84, p = .0047. Specifically, youths engaged in informal occupations (M = 19.01, SD ≈ 17.91) reported higher self-esteem compared to those in formal occupations (M = 15.42, SD ≈ 17.14). Employment type may influence how youths perceive their self-worth. Regression analysis showed, media use-patterns were not a statistically significant predictor of self-esteem among youths in NCC, β = -0.08, t(382) = 1.03, p = .30. Media literacy had a positive and statistically significant effect on self-esteem, β = 0.21, t(382) = 2.23, p = .03
Factors influencing the acceptability and utilization of contraceptives among women of reproductive age: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Full text linkBackground: Improving reproductive health outcomes depends on women of reproductive age accepting and using contraceptives. Despite the advantages of contraceptives, many women of reproductive-age who wish to prevent pregnancy do not use any kind of contraceptives, and many have unmet contraceptive needs that result in unwanted pregnancies and it’s associated problems. Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to examine the factors influencing women of reproductive age's acceptance and utilization of contraceptives. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA 2020) guided this review. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, AJOL, Scopus, Google Scholar, and reference lists for studies on women of reproductive age published between 2014 and 2024. The search, carried out from October 2 to October 10, 2024, used MeSH terms and PICO- framework and yielded 1,557 records. Screening occurred in three stages: title and abstract review, full-text assessment, and final selection using predefined eligibility criteria. A total of 19 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Data was extracted based on the study characteristics. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist was used to appraise the methodological quality of the studies.
Thriving not surviving: A thriving nursing student concept analysis
Full text linkAims: The primary aim of this review was to complete an analysis of a thriving nursing student with a goal of producing a new definition instead of a successful nursing student. Design: A concept analysis design was used. Data sources: A literature review was completed using CINHAL, PubMed databases, and grey literature. Search terms included (nursing student success OR thriving) AND (student success or academic achievement or academic performance or academic success or student retention) AND (nursing education AND success OR thriving) AND (college student success OR thriving). Review Methods: A combination of Walker & Avant and Chinn & Kramer systematic concept analysis approaches were used. Results: 57 articles met inclusion criteria. Of those 57 articles, 29 were included in this review. Three defining attributes were identified: academic success, clinical success, and psychological well-being. The antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents are also highlighted and discussed. Conclusions: The current definition of success proves to be inadequate for nursing students. The concept of a thriving nursing student can help educators identify those at-risk early, is adaptable and appropriate as students traverse the transition of a nursing program, and includes a focus on mental health and well-being instead of simply academic achievements
Frequency and risk factors associated with Low Birth Weight (LBW) at Bandung Regional General Hospital Indonesia
Full text linkLow birth weight (LBW) was the highest contributor to the infant mortality rate at 52.4% in Bandung, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of LBW and associated risk factors. This study used a retrospective cross-sectional approach to identify 233 newborns with low birth weight from January to December 2022. The dependent (LBW) and independent variables (risk factors) were analyzed with a chi-square and Multivariate logistic regression test. The results in the bivariate analysis of this study were LBW was associated with preeclampsia (p = 0.001), gestational age (p = 0.000), premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) (p = 0.000), oligohydramnios (p = 0.019), multiple pregnancy (p = 0.000), and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (p = 0.000). In multivariate analysis, LBW was associated with preeclampsia (p = 0.040 OR 1.806 CI 95% 1.028-3.173), gestational age (p = 0.000 OR 18.365 CI 95% 12.272-27.484), PROM (p = 0.007 OR 0.514 CI 95% 0.317-0.832), multiple pregnancy (p = 0.000 OR 4.934 CI 95% 2.246-10.841), and IUGR (p = 0.000 OR 0.043 CI 95% 0.018-0.107). Meanwhile, oligohydramnios was not associated with LBW (p = 0.099 OR 2.004 CI 95% 0.018-0.107)
Economic valuation of safe drinking water: Evidence from Bonda, Assam
Full text linkAccess to safe drinking water remains a critical challenge in Bonda No.1, Assam, where households rely on self-sourced water due to the absence of municipal supply. This study investigates households' willingness to pay (WTP) for improved water services and their adoption of averting behaviour strategies such as filtration and chemical treatment. Using a multinomial logistic model, the findings reveal that income significantly influences WTP, while education plays a crucial role in shaping water purification practices. Despite variations in water quality and household size, awareness of waterborne risks emerges as a key determinant of purification behaviour. The study underscores the urgent need for policy interventions, including infrastructure development, financial assistance for water treatment solutions, and community-driven awareness programs. Strengthening local governance and integrating technological advancements can further enhance water accessibility and quality, ensuring long-term sustainability
Factors causing dysmenorrhea in adolescents
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that cause dysmenorrhea in adolescents. This research method uses a literature review method contained in the data base, namely PubMed and the Google Scholar Search Engine. The articles used are in accordance with the criteria, namely articles published from 2015-2025. Based on the results of the review that has been explained through the article above, it shows that there are factors that can cause dysmenorrhea, including internal factors including age of menarche, family history, menstrual duration, exercise habits and external factors including stress, nutritional status, and fast food. Based on the articles that have been reviewed, the results show that the incidence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents is influenced by 1). Internal factors, including: age of menarche, family history, menstrual duration, exercise habits and 2). External factors, including: stress, nutritional status, and fast food. Natural ways that adolescents can do to reduce pain during menstruation are as often as possible doing sports activities such as walking and avoiding stress
Factors associated with physical activity levels among healthcare workers in Al Madinah Region, Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional study
Full text linkBackground: Physical inactivity among healthcare workers (HCWs) is a growing public health concern, especially in Saudi Arabia, where inactivity rates remain high. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing physical activity levels among HCWs. Objectives: to examine the associations between physical activity levels and various sociodemographic and work-related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 healthcare workers (HCWs) employed in governmental healthcare facilities. Physical activity levels were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the associations between physical activity levels and various sociodemographic and work-related factors. Results: Among the participants, 38.7% were classified as inactive, 42.7% as minimally active, and 18.7% as health-enhancing physically active (HEPA Active). The regression model was found to be significant (χ² = 50.205, df = 34, p = .036; Nagelkerke R² = 0.31). Marital status (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.4–3.8; p = .005) and pregnancy status (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.7; p = .015) were identified as significant predictors. Conclusions: Marital and pregnancy status were significant factors influencing physical activity levels among healthcare workers. 
Comprehensive review of advancements in Alzheimer's diagnosis and care
Full text linkThis review paper explores advancements in Alzheimer's diagnosis and care, highlighting recent research and innovative approaches. Alzheimer's disease, a leading cause of dementia, significantly impacts patients, families, and healthcare systems worldwide. This paper examines the effectiveness of various diagnostic techniques, including neuroimaging, biomarker analysis, and cognitive testing. Additionally, it explores innovative care strategies designed to enhance patient quality of life, including personalized treatment plans, lifestyle interventions, and community support programs. By synthesizing findings from diverse studies, this review provides a comprehensive overview of current trends and future directions in Alzheimer's diagnosis and care. Key insights emphasize the importance of early detection, integrated care approaches, and the potential of emerging technologies to revolutionize the management of Alzheimer's disease. This review underscores the critical need for continued research and collaboration in addressing the complex challenges posed by Alzheimer's disease
Leadership style, organizational culture, and high reliability organization practices among nurse leaders in a selected healthcare facility in the middle east: Basis for a program
Full text linkThis quantitative descriptive-correlational study determined the relationship between leadership styles, organizational culture, and High Reliability Organization Practices (HRO) among 215 nurse leaders. It also sought the differences when geographical distinctiveness, job classification, and number of years in leadership role were considered. Results revealed a “very high” prevalence of participative and “high” prevalence of authoritative and delegative styles. Organizational culture was “highly” practiced, and HRO practices were rated “very high”—a significant relationship between leadership style, organizational culture, and HRO practices. Moreover, a considerable difference in authoritative style emerged when geographical distinctiveness is considered. Leadership styles varied by job classification and number of years in a leadership role. Differences in achieving goals were observed based on geographical distinctiveness. Managing change and achieving goals differed significantly by job classification and years in a leadership role. However, HRO practices did not significantly differ by geographical distinctiveness. Self-efficacy varied across job classifications, but organizational risk response did not. Additionally, managing change and achieving goals differed by leadership tenure, while teamwork coordination did not. These results support the importance of company culture and leadership in promoting HRO practices