International journal of health sciences
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The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and erectile dysfunction, along with an assessment of shared cardiovascular risk factors: CVD prevalence and the risk factors in T2DM males with ED
No full textIn men with T2DM, ED is correlated with increased rates of cardiovascular events when compared to men with T2DM who do not experience ED. This association suggests the presence of underlying health issues that require timely intervention. The objective of this study was to examine the cardiovascular risk in men with T2DM and ED. Identifying these risk factors may facilitate preventive measures to improve clinical outcomes in this high-risk population. Participants were categorized into two groups based on their CVD status. A comparative analysis of the two groups was conducted on age, the presence of neuropathy, tobacco usage, and alcohol consumption. CVD was present in 51.6 % of the total sample. In both groups, the mean qualification years, duration of diabetes, BMI, cholesterol levels, prevalence of hypertension, and use of drugs affecting ED were similar. Patients in the CVD group were older, smoked, used alcohol, and had CVD more frequently. In males with T2DM and ED, increased ischemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular complications were all increased. Our analysis indicates a direct association between ED and CVD in males with T2DM, suggesting a more complex relationship in which ED may function as a contributing indicator of more advanced disease
Effectiveness of training programme on knowledge regarding ABG sampling technique and its interpretation among ICU nurses in Medanta Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana: A review
Full text linkBackground: Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis is an essential tool in intensive care for assessing oxygenation, ventilation, and acid–base balance. ICU nurses are frequently responsible for ABG sampling and interpretation; however, gaps in knowledge may compromise patient safety. Objective: To assess the pre-test level of knowledge regarding ABG sampling and interpretation, evaluate the effectiveness of the training programme, compare pre- and post-test knowledge scores, and identify associations with selected demographic variables. Methods: A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was employed. The study involved 100 ICU nurses selected via simple random sampling at a tertiary care hospital in Gurugram. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire was administered before and after a structured training intervention on ABG sampling and interpretation. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including paired t-tests and chi-square tests, were used. Results: A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was employed. The study involved 100 ICU nurses selected via simple random sampling at a tertiary care hospital in Gurugram. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire was administered before and after a structured training intervention on ABG sampling and interpretation. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including paired t-tests and chi-square tests, were used. 
Profile of complete blood count of rats treated with extract of roasted dioscorea rotundata poir (white yam) tuber bark flake
Full text linkRoasting of yam (dioscorea rotundata poir) tuber is an ancient practice in many localities. Although roasted yam bark flake has been associated with potential health risks, roasting of yam remains common among many communities. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of extract of roasted yam bark flake on the complete blood count of treated rats. 150mg/kg body weight of extracts of roasted yam (dioscoR) and boiled yam (dioscoB) were administered to the rats for 21 days. The complete blood counts were determined using hematology analyzer (Mindray 530 BC, China). Data was analyzed using statistical package for social science version 20.0 (IBM statistics Armok, NY, USA) and presented as mean±SD with p˂0.05 considered significant. Rats treated with dioscoR revealed significant decrease in the complete blood count parameters involving the red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, lymphocyte count but an increase in the red blood cell distribution width, white blood cell, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, basophil, platelet, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width and the platelet large cell ratio compared to the controls. This finding suggests that the consumption of roasted yam bark flake may pose a toxicological risk to healt
Techniques for managing and reducing sibling rivalry: A comprehensive review
Full text linkBackground: Sibling rivalry is a widespread and complex phenomenon that can negatively impact children's emotional development, familial harmony, and long-term sibling relationships. While some rivalry can contribute to growth and resilience, chronic conflict often requires intervention. This review aims to synthesize existing literature and practical approaches for managing and reducing sibling rivalry. Objective: A qualitative review methodology was employed, analyzing findings from child development research, parenting psychology, and family therapy literature. Techniques were categorized into key themes based on their recurrence in peer-reviewed sources, parenting guides, and expert recommendations. Methods: This review utilized a qualitative approach to synthesize a broad spectrum of literature and expert perspectives on sibling rivalry. Instead of conducting new empirical research, it focused on analyzing and integrating findings from existing studies, professional guidelines, and established parenting frameworks. The goal was to identify effective strategies for managing and reducing sibling conflict. Result: Seven primary strategies emerged as effective in managing sibling rivalry: promoting individual identity, balancing fairness over equality, teaching conflict resolution skills, providing quality time and positive attention, setting clear boundaries and rules, encouraging parental self-regulation, and utilizing professional interventions when necessary. 
The association between serum leptin levels and body mass index in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients
Full text linkPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine abnormality in reproductive-age women, which is characterized by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Some evidence suggested that leptin also causes PCOS due to its role in the female reproductive system. The physiological function of leptin controls the balance of energy and suppresses the center of appetite. Patients with PCOS may be underweight, normoweight, overweight, and obese, based on their body mass index (BMI), but obesity is a common clinical situation in PCOS. Obesity occurs when the level of leptin increases but cannot decrease appetite, resulting in leptin resistance. This study aimed to discover the connection between body mass index (BMI) and the level of leptin in patients with PCOS. Methods: A case-control sectional study included 100 women, divided between 50 women with polycystic ovary syndrome and 50 healthy women. They're aged from 18 to 40 years old. Samples were collected from Al-Batoul General Hospital and private clinics in Diyala Governorate during the period from December 2024 to end March 2025. Blood samples were collected under fasting conditions from every enrolled participant.
Legal accountability aspects of medical actions performed by nurses based on delegated authority in the perspective of the principle of legal equality as an element of the rule of law
Full text linkAccording to Article 290 of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, medical personnel can delegate authority to nurses to perform actions. The delegation of authority is accompanied by the delegation of responsibility and legal risks for the implementation of the medical action. The principle of delegation and responsibility for the implementation of medical actions carried out by nurses based on the delegation of authority gives rise to the following problems. First, is the principle of legal accountability for medical actions carried out by nurses based on delegation as a way of delegating authority from medical personnel to nurses regulated in laws and regulations in accordance with the principle of equality before the law as an element of the rule of law? Second, how is the legal construction of the principle of legal accountability for medical actions carried out by nurses based on delegation in accordance with the principle of equality before the law as an element of the rule of law? The legal research method used in the study is the juridical-normative research method. 
Breast cancer detection by imaging techniques
Full text linkSeveral techqnieces were using in the latest year to improve for diagenesis Breast cancer because of increasing the states of cancer specially such as breast cancers. It is predominating with high ratio for women. These states demand more researches for devlopments the instruments and equipment techniques to solve these major problems. These common global symptoms have become a real problem for the world. Breast cancer symptoms are not limited to women, but the incidence is much higher than that of men. Magnetic resonance imaging, X-rays, and other modern technologies have developed in the last period of this century. The study proposes an integrated imaging framework aimed at enhancing the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis and improving treatment strategies. The computational analysis with applections of algorathems finite elents methods and the use of invariant impeding techenes helps to Rapid development of key software used in nuclear radiation and magnetic field technologies has shown significant progress in serving humanity. The use of advanced counters such as the Gier-Muller, gaseous, semiconductor and hyperconductor counters has been and remains the main tool in developing digital software to obtain accurate diagnostic results. 
Frequency of in hospital mortality of cirrhotic patients due to sepsis
Full text linkIntroduction: Infection is a common complication of liver cirrhosis, as 30–50% of patients with cirrhosis either present with infection during admission, or develop infection during hospitalization. The severity of the underlying liver disease makes patients with cirrhosis more susceptible to the development of sepsis, compared to the general population. Patients with cirrhosis have a high risk of developing sepsis. According to the Global Burden of Disease study, liver cirrhosis caused 1.2% of global disability adjusted life years and 2% of all deaths worldwide in 2010. Objective: To determine the frequency of in hospital mortality of cirrhotic patients due to sepsis. Materials and Methods: It is Descriptive Study conducted at Department of Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Medical Science (AIMS), Hyderabad, Pakistan from January 31, 2020 to July 30, 2020. All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and visited to AIMS; Hyderabad were included in the study. Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score was calculated by clinical parameters, i.e. encephalopathy and ascites, and laboratory results, i.e. bilirubin and albumin concentrations, and prothrombin time and MELD score were calculated by it using laboratory parameters bilirubin, serum creatinine and international normalization ratio (INR).
Development and validation of the Virtual Identity Integration Scale (VIIS) for young adults aged 18–25
Full text linkIn the age of digitization, young adults frequently construct and engage with virtual identities on digital platforms. This study aimed to develop and validate the Virtual Identity Integration Scale (VIIS), a psychometrically robust tool to assess the degree of alignment between an individual's virtual and real-world identity. A mixed-methods approach was employed. An initial item pool was generated through literature review, expert consultation, and focus group discussions. The scale was tested on a sample of 600 young adults aged 18–25 years. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted, and psychometric properties, including reliability and validity, were assessed. Results identified a five-factor structure: Consistency, Authenticity, Compartmentalization, Role Conflict, and Psychological Impact. The final 25-item VIIS demonstrated strong reliability and validity. This tool contributes significantly to digital identity research and provides a foundation for further psychological and sociological exploration of virtual identity integration
Study of virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern
Full text linkBackground: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common nosocomial infections, caused by Escherichia coli. UPEC differ from non-pathogenic E. coli by the production of specific virulence factors which enable the bacteria to adhere to uroepithelial cells and to establish UTI. The aim of this study is to check the virulence factors of uropathogenic E. coli. Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 1 year in microbiology department, Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Kolkata. Urine samples received were processed as per standard microbiological procedures. Virulence factors such as hemolysin, hemagglutination, serum resistance, gelatinase, biofilm production and siderophore production were studied. The antimicrobial susceptibility was done as per Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute Guidelines. Results: Out of 550 E. coli isolates 367 (66.72%) cases were from females and 183 (33.27%) were males. Thus female: male ratio was 1:3. Hemolysin production was seen in 53.63%, hemagglutination in 54.18%, serum resistance in 53.27%. Conclusions: UTI is more common in middle aged females and in community set-up. The knowledge of virulence factors of E.coli will help in better understanding of the organism pathogenicity and guided empirical therapy can result in better treatment outcome