International journal of health sciences
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Role of radiology in post COVID-19 rhinocerebral fungal infections
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to describe common radiographic patterns that may be useful in predicting the diagnosis of rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the imaging and clinical data of four males and one female, 3 to 72 years old, with rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Results: All the patients presented with sinusitis and ophthalmological symptoms. Most of the patients (80%) had isointense lesions relative to brain in T1-weighted images. The signal intensity in T2-weighted images was more variable, with only one (20%) patient showing hyperintensity. A pattern of anatomic involvement affecting the nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, orbit, and ethmoid cells was consistently observed in all five patients (100%). Our series demonstrated a mortality rate of 60%. Conclusion: Progressive and rapid involvement of the cavernous sinus, vascular structures and intracranial contents is the usual evolution of rhinocerebral mucormycosis. In the context of immunosupression, a pattern of nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, ethmoid cells, and orbit inflammatory lesions should prompt the diagnosis of mucormycosis. Multiplanar magnetic resonance imaging shows anatomic involvement, helping in surgery planning. However, the prognosis is grave despite radical surgery and antifungals
Assessment of basic life support (BLS) knowledge and awareness among teachers in Al-Kharj City, Saudi Arabia
Get PDFBackground. Cardiac arrest (CA) is a life-threatening medical emergency that occurs 70% of the time outside of a hospital environment. Aim: The study objects to assess the teachers in Al-Kharj city, Saudi Arabia, and to determine their current BLS knowledge and awareness and to assess their attitudes and willingness to participate in regular BLS training. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a total of 188 teachers in the region. Results. The study reveals a concerning 57.4% of respondents lack basic CPR understanding, underscoring a significant deficit in essential lifesaving skills. Receptively, the study shows a positive inclination among teachers, with 73.9% expressing intent to enroll in BLS courses in the future. Moreover, a compelling 91.5% assert that BLS should be integrated into the standard school curriculum, underlining a collective awareness of the imperative to incorporate these life-saving skills systematically into mainstream education. Conclusions. The findings highlight a critical need for targeted educational interventions to bridge the knowledge gap and enhance BLS awareness regularly among teachers. The identified knowledge gaps, coupled with positive attitudes towards CPR education, present an opportune moment for strategic interventions
Applications of artificial intelligence in medical and pharmaceutical data analysis
Get PDFThis article focuses on the applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the fields of medicine and pharmaceuticals. We delve into how AI technology can enhance medical data analysis and drug development processes. The article provides an overview of the potentials and challenges of integrating AI in this domain
Assessment of antibiotic resistance patterns in enteric fever patients: A systematic review and meta analysis
Get PDFEnteric fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi. Hence, it poses challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to variable clinical presentation and increasing antibiotic resistance. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess antibiotic resistance patterns in enteric fever patients. While discussing diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, and preventive strategies. The current literature highlights diagnostic challenges despite advancements, emphasizing the need for improved tools. So, antimicrobial resistance, particularly among younger populations, underscores the urgency for interventions. Therefore, region-specific investigation is crucial, especially for international travelers. While cephalosporins are key in treatment, tailored therapy based on local resistance patterns is required significantly. Hence prevention through vaccination and understanding carbohydrate-mediated infection strategies offers promise. Thus, further research is significantly required to address these challenges effectively and reduce the global burden of enteric infections. This study followed rigorous methodology, including systematic search strategies, quality assessment of studies, and adherence to reporting guidelines. Moreover, ethical considerations were addressed, and the protocol was registered. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the multifaceted challenges of enteric fever and emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts to mitigate its impact on global health
Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among dentists and dental hygienists
Get PDFBackground: A dentist should be able to maintain a good occupational posture for prolonged periods of time. Lack of any of these abilities causes hindrance in the performance of dental practice and productivity. MSD not only affects one’s physical but also psychosocial aspects of life and may lead to early retirement. Objectives: To assess self-reported prevalence of MSD among dentists and dental hygienists with respect to designation, specialties, and working conditions. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study. After taking informed consent, designed survey questionnaire was distributed among two hundred and forty-six dental practitioners and hygienists, above twenty-two years old working in Dow University of Health Sciences. The samples were collected using convenience sampling technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. The results were reported as frequencies and association of pain with wrong conditions and durations was reported using Chi-square test. Results: The pain is found to be greater in those above twenty-five years of age (p-value 0.045). Out of two hundred and forty-six research participants, 96.7% of postgraduates and faculty members reported musculoskeletal pain. Majority affected were above twenty-five years of age (97.4%, n=74). Females were slightly more affected more than males
Development of new AI in healthcare: A threat to human rights
Get PDFThe research paper focuses on the development made by AI in the healthcare sector regarding the protection of human rights. It has been identified in the studies that Machine learning developers have infringed fundamental rights in many ways. The stated issue analyses have been drawn upon the right balance between technological development and alienable rights protection. A discussion has been drawn upon the ethical and legal challenges raised due to the rapid involvement of AI in the healthcare sector. Lastly, a conclusion has been drawn to overcome and take full advantage of the technology
Correlation between total leukocyte count (TLC) and c-reactive protein (CRP) in paediatric bronchiolitis patients
Get PDFObjective: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in paediatric bronchiolitis patients to assess the prognostic significance of these markers in disease severity and patient outcomes. Study Design: A retrospective correlational study was conducted using patient records from a six-month period to analyze the relationship between TLC and CRP levels in paediatric bronchiolitis patients. Study Setting: The study was conducted at different centres including Department of Paediatrics, Social Security MNCH Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab and Sahara Medical College Narowal, Punjab in the period from August, 2022 to January, 2023. Methods: Data of paediatric patients aged 1 month to 2 years diagnosed with bronchiolitis was extracted from electronic medical records. The study included patients with complete data on TLC and CRP levels. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the association between TLC and CRP levels, while logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential predictors of disease severity. Results: The study found a significant positive correlation between TLC and CRP levels in paediatric bronchiolitis patients (p<0.05). Higher TLC and CRP levels were associated with increased disease severity and longer hospital stay. 
Pattern of anemia and associated parameters in HIV positive patients taking highly active retroviral therapy (HAART)
Get PDFObjective: This study was designed to determine the pattern of anaemia among HIV positive patients taking HAART. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Diagnostic and research Laboratory Liaquat university of Medical and health sciences Jamshoro, Hyderabad. January 2022-December 2022. Methods: Total 250 HIV patients (aged 18 years and above) of both genders taking HAART for at least the past six months. After taking written informed consent, data was recorded with the help of a structured questionnaire that contained questions regarding basic bio-data and medical history, along with the interpretation of general physical and systemic examination. A blood complete picture was done to evaluate baseline haematological parameters. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Results: The mean age of the patients was 32.09 (±SD12.165). Most of the individuals, i.e., 160 (64%), were males, and the number of females was 90 (36%). The mean viral load was 2674.60. Anaemia was present in 210 (84%) patients and 40 (16%)non-anemic with standard parameters. Among anaemic patients, 130 52% had mild disease, moderate anaemia was found in 105 (42%), and only a few (n=15) 6% had severe anaemia. 
Incidence of multidrug resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamase expression in community-acquired urinary tract infection among different age groups of patients
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Escherichia coli was the most prevalent cause for urinary tract infections (UTIs). These bacteria also generate extended spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL), which inactivate penicillins and cephalosporins. The purpose of the current study is to determine the incidence of multidrug resistance and extended beta-lactamase expression in community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTIs) among patients of different age groups. Patients and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 186 uropathogens investigated in the diagnostic center of Tertiary Care Hospital Peshawar from January 2022 to December 2022. Patients of either gender or any age with suspected UTIs associated with K. pneumoniae and E. coli were derived from urine specimen were enrolled. Identification and analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility was done using Disc diffusion method and Double Disc synergy test. SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total 186 Gram-negative uropathogens, there were 57 (30.6%) male and 129 (59.4%) female. The incidence of E. coli and K. pneumoniae was 138 (74.2%) and 48 (25.8%) respectively. The prevalence of uropathogens identified was in 71% females and 29% males. 
The implementation of pulmonary tuberculosis case with hemoptysis cases and cost control in Goenawan Partowidigdo Pulmonary Hospital Bogor
Get PDFThis study's goal was to evaluate how RSPG implemented pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis CP and cost control. Comparing CP versus non-CP cases in RSPG wards using qualitative methodologies supported by cost and time analyses. To examine CP implementation, information was gathered through in-depth interviews and observation. The 15 informants who were significant RSPG stakeholders made up the research subjects. With the use of bivariate analysis and the Mann-Whitney U test, the methodologies employed content analysis. The research's findings show that pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis has been developed, although socialization has not been entirely and optimally applied in all wards. The hospital staff's noncompliance and lack of managerial commitment were the main barriers to CP implementation. The data helped in making decisions about patient care and produced positive results in terms of cost, length of stay (LOS), and quality control. For grade 3, the ratio of the total cost of CP cases to non-cases was 1:1.88. Lack of management commitment and hospital staff noncompliance were the main causes of poor usage and CP implementation challenges. For grade 3, the ratio of the total cost of CP cases to non-cases was 1:1.88, demonstrating both cost and time effectiveness