International journal of health sciences
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IL6 as prognostic factor for severity of COVID-19
Get PDFSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the viral illness known as coronavirus disease 2019. Several inflammatory and biochemical markers are elevated, and blood indices are altered, in COVID-19, a sign of a cytokine storm.(50) COVID-19 patients at Marjan medical city and Imam Sadiq Teaching hospitals between December -2021 and April -2022 were studied for the connection of IL-6 levels. Results of blood tests varied significantly depending on the severity of the condition. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and SPO2 (percent) were significantly different between the two measurement periods at day 1 and day 3. Nearly three out of four patients had severe illness (N=34, 68.0 percent), and there was no one with moderate disease (N=16, 32.0 percent). According to the level of illness severity, there were large variations in the distribution of age groups. This study found a strong correlation between illness severity and immunization history and previous medical records
The association of diabetes and obesity with severity of dengue fever: An immunopathology update
Get PDFThe arboviral infection dengue represents a global public health risk as the frequency of cases climbs across period and is anticipated to do so in the future. The fundamental mechanisms behind the concept between obesity and dengue, however, are rarely discussed. A number of variables, including the existence of cytokines that increase inflammatory response and deregulation of endothelium barrier protein production, contribute to plasma permeability, a defining feature of severe dengue. The key diabetes-related variables that impact endothelium functioning include th-1 skewed responses and the production of junctional-related proteins. Additionally, obesity affects lipid metabolism and the immune system, which increases viral multiplication and inflammatory processes. The common factor among individuals with diabetes and obesity is chronic inflammation, which results in endothelial dysfunction. Explored along with the disease's relationships with diabetes and obesity are the potential causes of comorbidities in severe dengue
Analysis of the vascular pattern in the superficial palmar arch formation
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Palmar arterial supply is mainly provided by the superficial palmar arch (SPA). Ulnar artery primarily completes the arterial arcade of the superficial palmar arch. Radial artery grafts and reconstructive hand surgery benefit from understanding the variations in SPA formation. The present study is aimed to analyze the vascular pattern of the superficial palmar arch. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Bacha Khan Medical Complex Mardan and Multan Medical & Dental College, Multan from October 2019 to September 2022 on 60 specimens, 46 male and 14 females. Due to inconvenient sampling, all cadaveric hands studied during the three years in the dissection room of the anatomy department were not calculated. An incision was made along the root of the fingers and another at the wrist joint. The 3rd metacarpo-phalangeal joint was incised vertically from the middle of the wrist. Reflection of the skin and aponeurosis of the palm was done. An area of adipose tissue around the superficial palmar arch was removed to observe the arches and their branches. Variations were noted in the superficial palmar arches. 
Prevalence of acute hepatitis in dengue patients
Get PDFBackground: Dengue is the most common disease that has caused mortality throughout Pakistan as it can cause diversified complications ranging from slightly deranged liver function tests to acute hepatitis and liver failure. Objective: To determine the prevalence of acute hepatitis in dengue patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from September to November 2022 at department of Medicine of MMC General Hospital a tertiary-care hospital of Kabir Medical College Peshawar. A proper approval was taken from research ethical committee of the hospital. The inclusion criteria were patients of dengue and exclusion was all patients having deranged liver function tests due to other causes such drug induced liver injury and acute viral hepatitis. The total sample size was 81 patients and non probability convenient sampling technique was used. The data was analyzed by using SPSS latest version. Results: ALT, ALP and Bilirubin was compared in age groups of patients. Results showed no significant difference for ALT, ALP and Bilirubin at baseline and at 3rd day of admission in all age groups as seen in above table. 
Efficacy functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis
Get PDFObjective: To assess the efficacy and quality of life after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in individuals who have chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods: This prospective study was held in the department of ENT of Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital and ENT, Head and Neck Surgery department, Pak International Medical College and Peshawar Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Hayatabad Peshawar for the duration from September 2021 to September 2022. The study had 80 patients in total who underwent FESS surgery. Inclusion criteria: radiographically and clinically suggested disease of the paranasal sinuses and nose, such as rhinosporidiosis, nasal polyposis, chronic recurrent acute sinusitis and patients who are not improving after receiving the proper surgical care (antral lavage) and medical care. Exclusion criteria: Nasal and paranasal sinus Malignant conditions. Patients with acute sinusitis who have been diagnosed with intracranial complications and patients with intracranial complications. The data was analyzed with SPSS 21.0. Results: There were 80 patients in total. In this study, ethmoid polyps were operated in 30 (37.5%) patients, chronic rhinosinusitis in 23 (28.8%), Antrochoanal polyps in 12 (15%) patients, rhinosporidiosis in 10 (12.5%) patients, and in 5 (6.2%) patients with inverted papilloma’s were operated
COVID-19 vaccine side effects and its associated factors among healthcare workers
Get PDFBackground: Since the COVID-19 epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS COV-2) in 2019, with over 376 and 5.7 million people have contracted the disease and died as a result. Objective: This research evaluated the adverse effects of the COVID-19 immunization and its risks factors among healthcare professionals working in Pakistan. Methods: Healthcare professionals who received the Covid-19 vaccine at Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, between June 2021 and May 2022 were the subject of the research. It was determined whether there was a significant connection between the distinct factors and the result variables using bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression (MBLR) models. Results: One or more adverse effects were experienced by 198 (55.73%) of the healthcare employees who received the Covid-19 immunization. Fever, Headache, Myalgia, Tiredness, Injected site pain and dizziness (n=158; 44.63%, n=135; 38.13%, n=109; 30.79%, n=98; 27.68%, n=92; 25.98%, n=86; 24.29%; respectively) made up the bulk of the adverse effects. Healthcare professionals with less than eight years of employment (AOR: 3.47, 95% CI, 1.23-9.69), hesitancy to receive the Covid-19 vaccine's 1st dose (AOR: 3.11, 95% CI, 1.71-4.88), taking antihypertensive drugs (AOR: 2.51; 95% CI, 0.12-0.39), and immunization safety is viewed as being insecurely.
 
Syzygium aromaticum extract as an adjuvant to enhance the immune response of rabbits against salmonella typhimurium
Get PDFThis research examined the synergetic effects of the prepared Killed whole cell sonicated Ag-Salmonella typhimurium (KWCSAg-ST) combined with Syzygium aromaticum methanolic extract in Vivo. Five groups of eight rabbits. The 1st group was immunized with 1000 µg/ml KWCSAg-ST Subcutaneously. The 2nd group was given 1000 mg/kg Syzygium aromaticum extract orally and, 1000 µg/ml KWCSAg-ST Subcutaneously. The 3rd group was given 500 mg/kg Syzygium aromaticum extract orally and 1000 µg/ml KWCSAg-ST Subcutaneously. The 4th group given 1000 mg/kg Syzygium aromaticum extract orally. The 5th group was given PBS and is considered a control group. Results were evaluated through Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), and, ELISA testing for IgG and Interleukin-4. DTH at day 21 post-immunization, showed the highest elevation in the mean diameter of erythema and Induration at 48 hrs post-injection the 2nd group compared with the control group. Similarly, the value in ELISA showed the highest concentration of IgG and IL-4 to the 2nd group at 28 days. Conclusion: the alcoholic extract of Syzygium aromaticum has given a stimulatory effect on the immune system, raising the levels of IL-4, as well as, enhancing the cellular and humoral immune response, giving higher levels of IgG and results of DTH
Cytopathological evaluation of thyroid by fine needle aspiration cytology and its association with thyroid function
Get PDFIntroduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a reliable method for thyroid nodule evaluation (FNAC). Thyroid nodules often cause abnormal thyroid function tests, which are used for diagnosis and therapy. Thyroid cancer and incorrect thyroid function testing are still debated. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the cytopathological features of thyroid nodules by FNAC and their association with thyroid function tests. Methods: This 12-month cross-sectional study was conducted in Peshawar, Pakistan. 350 thyroid nodule patients were referred to endocrinology. All research participants had a physical checkup and thyroid function testing. Thyroid function testing measured TSH and FT4 using conventional laboratory procedures. All individuals had 23-gauge ultrasound-guided thyroid nodule FNAC. Pathologists used the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology to evaluate FNAC samples. SPSS 25 analyzed the data. Descriptive statistics detailed the study population's clinical and demographic characteristics. Logistic regression was utilized to examine the relationship between thyroid function tests and thyroid cancer risk and FNAC's thyroid cancer detection effectiveness. Results: For this research, a total of 350 thyroid nodule patients were included having the median age 39.8 (20-60) years and the ratio of female to male participants was 3:1. 
Influence of total quality management on employee’s perception of SQ, in context of healthcare sector; Pakistan
Get PDFTo examine influence of total quality management on perceived quality services, to identify how training and knowledge sharing impact as moderating variables and mediated by organizational culture. Non-probability convenience sampling strategy was utilized for sampling. Cross sectional study design for data collection from doctors, nurses, administrative employees and others of tertiary care hospital in Karachi. It was determined that positive outcomes of TQM in SQ in the Pakistani health sector with the aid of OC mediation demonstrate that if businesses successfully adopt TQM practices, it will improve SQ score even in private hospitals. while top-management commitment and support from the government are essential for achieving ambitious objectives. In our research, the private sector's moderation effects based on training in quality management are excellent, though knowledge sharing may serve us less in both sectors. The research can be used to understanding how specialist training projects in public and private hospitals can promote TQM adoption can be influenced by dedicated training programs in public and private hospitals
Prevalence of esophageal eosinophilia in patients referred for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Esophageal eosinophilia such as gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) are associated with several conditions. Esophagus eosinophilic infiltration characterized the Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). The purpose of the present study was to determine the esophageal eosinophilia prevalence in patients underwent diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 96 male adult patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for unexplained upper GI symptoms in the department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology and Faculty of Medicine, DHQ Hospital Haripur KPK and Type-D Hospital Jamrud District Khyber from June 2022 to November 2022. Patient age>16 years with upper GI symptoms such as nausea, upper abdominal pain, dysphagia, vomiting, and heart burn referred for upper GI endoscopy were enrolled. Individual’s history, demographic details, physical examination, clinical details, laboratory tests such as serum creatinine, CBC, upper GI endoscopy, differential leucocytic count, liver biochemical tests, biopsy, and biopsy staining for histopathological examination were recorded. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 27. Results: Of the total 96 patients, incidence of Esophageal eosinophilia (EE), EoE, and low-grade esophageal eosinophilia was 33.3% (n=32), 5.2% (n=5), and 29.2% (n=28) respectively