International journal of health sciences
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Effectiveness of topical application of 15℅ salicyclic acid and 0.1℅ diphencyprone combined in an ointment form for treatment of plantar warts
Get PDFObjective: To determine the Effectiveness of topical application of 15℅ salicyclic acid and 0.1℅ Diphencyprone combined in an ointment form for treatment of plantar warts. Place and Duration: This Descriptive, case series was held in Dermatology outpatient department, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi. Method: A sample size of 80 patients with plantar warts were included as calculated by exact 95% confidence interval. Results: Total 80 patients of plantar warts were enrolled. 40 (50%) were females and 40 (50%) were males, with mean age of 31 yrs. 65 patients (81.25%) showed positive response to treatment with combined DPCP and salicyclic acid, while remaining 15 (18.75%) had some mild adverse reactions. Conclusion: As Plantar wart is a common problem in all populations therefore more randomized trials should be done on combined chemical treatments for better outcomes
Intravenous iron plus erythropoietin versus erythropoietin alone for treatment of anaemia in patients of end stage renal disease: A comparative prospective unblinded trial
Get PDFObjective: To determine the efficacy of intravenous iron along with erythropoietin for treatment of anemia in patients of chronic kidney disease undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. Study Design: Randomized comparative prospective, unblinded study. Study Place: Divisional Headquarter Teaching Hospital Mirpur Azad Kashmir. Duration Of Study: 06 Months, from June 2021 to December 2021. Methodology: This study was conducted in Divisional Headquarter Teaching Hospital Mirpur AJK and it included 107 patients with metabolically stable chronic kidney disease with hemoglobin of 8-11 g/dl. Patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups,, ”EPO group” which received subcutaneous erythropoietin only with each hemodialysis session and the “Iron group” which received erythropoietin with each session of hemodialysis and 200mg of intravenous iron once a month with up or down titration every monthly according to hemoglobin and transfer in saturation level in serum. Standard CKD measurement was same in both groups. Serum hemoglobin and serum transferrin saturation was measured at the start of the treatment. Both groups were followed every monthly for efficacy and side effect profile and assessed at 3 months with serum hemoglobin and seum transferrin saturation level. 
Occurence of urinary tract infections in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients taking sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors to regulate their blood sugar levels
Get PDFBackground and Aim: The occurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) administered with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are still debatable. The present study aimed to assess the occurrence of UTI in T2DM patients taking SGLT-2 inhibitors to regulate their blood sugar levels. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 369 T2DM patients investigated in the Nephrology division of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from January 2022 to December 2022. Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin were SGLT-2 inhibitors drugs given to each individual. Patient’s detailed history and genitourinary infections were noted from medical records. Pain during micturition, micturition urgency, redness, abdominal pain, vomiting, and frequency of micturition, fever, soreness, and diarrhea were recorded using questionnaire based proforma. Results: Of the total 369 patients, the frequency of patients administered with dapagliflozin and empagliflozin was 178 (48.2%) and 191 (51.8%) respectively. Among 178 patients, there were 112 (62.9%) male and 66 (37.1%) females. Among 191 patients, there were 136 (71.2%) male and 55 (28.8%) females. The occurrence of UTIs in patients using dapagliflozin and empagliflozin was 18 (10.1%) and 28 (14.7%) respectively. Likewise, the genital tract infections were found in 20 (11.2%) dapagliflozin users and 26 (13.6%) empagliflozin users
Prevalence of Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 enriched and triple negative breast carcinoma in population of Sindh: A tertiary care hospital experience
Get PDFThe incidence of breast cancer has increased significantly in Asian countries in comparison to Western countries, and it is now one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Each year, 1.5 million women (25% of all cancer women) are diagnosed with BC around the world, and this number is expected to rise to 2.2 million by 2025. In particular, breast cancer shows biologic heterogeneity in terms of risk factors, natural histories, responses to therapy, and prognostic features that vary considerably between ethnic and geographical groups. Many studies have focused on the distinctions between tumor subtypes because of the importance they play in guiding therapeutic decision making in breast cancer. These factors include histological grade, tumor type and size, and the presence of lymph node metastasis. As a proxy for profiling gene expression, immunohistochemical examination of breast cancer tissue with various biomarkers is employed. This method is cheap, widely accessible, reliable, and technically not demanding. The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between molecular subtypes of breast cancer and certain pathological characteristics
Outcome and mortality rate of COVID-19 infection among health workers and general population
Get PDFObjective: To determine the outcomes and mortality rate of Covid-19 infection among health workers and general population. Material and methods: An observation study was conducted in Department of Pulmonology Pak Red Crescent Medical College & Teaching Hospital,Dina Nath, Kasur, Punjab. Total 210 Covid-19 patients which were divided in two groups equally, group A healthcare workers and group B general population. Outcomes and mortality rate were assessed between both groups using Chi Square and Independent Samples T-test. Results: Mean age in group A was was 41.29±11.37 years while 42.61±16.15 years in group B. ICU admissions was significantly lower in group A 7 (6.7%) while 22 (21.0%) in group B. Mechanical ventilation need was significantly lower 6 (5.7%) in group A than group B 19 (18.1%). Mortality rate was significantly lower in group A than group B 4 (3.8%) vs 15 (14.3%). The mean hospital stay in group A was significantly shorter 9.41±3.333 days than in group B 13.18±3.956 days. Conclusion: From our study we conclude that the mortality rate was higher in the general population as well as the admission to ICU and need for mechanical ventilation as compared to the healthcare workers
Correlation of serum CA 15-3 with histological types of breast cancer
Get PDFBackground: The incidence of breast cancer and its fatal effects are constantly on a rise across the globe. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Pakistan with approximately 1 in every 9 Pakistani women developing breast cancer at some stage of their life. There is a constant search for better screening methods which help in early detection and also reflect upon the prognosis of the tumor. CA 15-3 is a reliable serum marker that also helps in identifying patients who would benefit most from adjuvant therapy. Objective: To determine the correlation of serum CA 15-3 with histological types of breast cancer. Methodology: This prospective cross sectional study was conducted on 51 cases of female carcinoma breast from December 2015 to August 2016. The specimens were collected after mastectomy or lumpectomy and then transported to collection Shaukat Khanum Lab and city lab for chemical analysis and histopathological analysis. All the data was analyzed by using SPSS version 17. Results: In the current study, a total of 51 patients were included. Results of serum CA 15-3 level ranged from 3 to 743.2 U/ml (with mean of 40.62). 
Evaluating the efficacy of corticosteroids and bronchodilators in the management of paediatric bronchiolitis: A randomized controlled trial
Get PDFBackground: Bronchiolitis, a standard lower tract infection in young children, poses significant challenges in terms of diagnosis and management. Corticosteroids and bronchodilators are often prescribed to manage this condition, despite limited evidence supporting their efficacy. This study aimed to judge the effectiveness of corticosteroids and bronchodilators within the management of paediatric bronchiolitis. Objective: to see the clinical efficacy of corticosteroids and bronchodilators in improving respiratory symptoms and reducing hospitalization rates among paediatric patients with bronchiolitis. Study Settings and Sample Size: This study was conducted at different centres including Department of Paediatrics, Social Security MNCH Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab and Sahara Medical College Narowal, Punjab in the period from October, 2022 to March, 2023 enrolling 300 children aged 1 month to 2 years with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to at least one of three treatment groups: corticosteroids (n=100), bronchodilators (n=100), or placebo (n=100). the first outcome was improvement within the Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument (RDAI) score. Secondary outcomes included hospitalization rates, length of hospital stay, and adverse events. Results: Children within the corticosteroid group experienced a significantly greater improvement in RDAI scores compared to the placebo group (p<0.001)
Evaluation of total tumor volume reduction ratio in initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases after first line treatment
Get PDFBackground: Total tumour volume is predictive factor for hepatic resection in some solid tumours, but its significance in colorectal liver metastases has not been fully investigated. liver is most frequent location of distant metastasis for colorectal cancer, which is 1 of most common cancers to cause cancer-related deaths globally. For colorectal liver metastases, hepatic resection is widely recognized as most effective therapy & only possibly curative operation. assessment of tumour burden can depend significantly on total tumour volume. Aim: In this review, we sought to assess the total tumour volume decrease ratio in colorectal liver metastases that were initially unresectable following 1st-line therapy, Summary: After receiving 1st-line systemic therapy, decreased ratio of TTV had been reliable predictor of conversion result & long-term prognosis in studied cases with originally unresectable CRLM
Antibiotic resistance between theory and reality: Updated vision on the ecological phenomenon and the emerging crisis recommendations
Get PDFOur work includes two aspects of resistance in consequence, the first one is the evolutionary side as it evolves in our ecosystem, as well as the estimative side for the future, where it poses a huge challenge that is still unpredictable. Our scientific opinion on this subject starts with a synthetic overview of mechanisms that may be recognized until now, and demonstrates the evolutionary concept in the context of resistance. The inadequate use of antibiotics for preventive or zootechnical purposes in animal production can lead to the presence of their residues as well as to the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria, even though the passage of this bacterial survival pattern among species and even across different species creates health risks and ecological disorders in general. However, the current problem, requiring urgent focus and attention, could become more and more critical, and the timing of intervention can put our lives at risk. So the question arises, when will we take action
Injuries in sports
Get PDFThe health benefits of sport are well-known and well-established, such as the benefits of psychological, social, and personal growth, as sport's role in society has grown more and more important over time. With the pursuit of professionalism and access to the elite level, this has led to making the physical and psychological burden for sports on athletes more intense by increasing training, practice, and competition, which puts athletes at greater risk of injury. Despite the attention that high-level sports-related injuries have received for their seriousness and management, injuries can still occur frequently at all levels of competition. Aim. The study reviews many types of injuries in various sports and their incidence, with an emphasis on the most prevalent injuries in each sport. Study directions. Soccer injuries, rugby injuries, basketball injuries, handball injuries, volleyball injuries, ice hockey injuries, track and field injuries, swimming injuries, tennis injuries, gymnastics injuries. Conclusions. Injuries are widespread among athletes in all sports, and the incidence of injuries may vary.