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Peripheral venous lactate levels substitute arterial lactate levels in the emergency department
Get PDFBackground: The level of arterial lactate has been a significant indicator of studied case's prognosis. Blood gas analysis's low concordance rate between AL & peripheral venous lactate makes PVL ineffective as AL alternative. Nevertheless, PVL can be a different way to forecast studied case's prognosis, & risk of arterial puncture problems with AL can be decreased if AL range may be predicted from PVL. This can be a quick & secure test technique. Aim: To assess if VL levels may replace certain ranges of AL levels, we reviewed association among VL & AL levels in same critically sick studied cases at time of initial evaluation. Venous blood gas analysis (which lowers risk of problems related to arterial puncture required for AL measurement) can be safer & quicker test for critically ill studied cases if VL values may be utilized as substitute for AL levels. Summary: The level of arterial lactate has been significant indicator of studied case's prognosis. Blood gas analysis's low concordance rate between AL & peripheral venous lactate makes PVL ineffective as AL alternative. 
Development of products based on ke-kame-tu formula for PMT at posyandu as an effort to prevent stunting
Get PDFThe "ke-kame-tu" formula is a mixture of Moringa leaf flour, red bean flour and tuna fish meal, with high protein, zinc, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium content. The specific aim of the research is to analyze the proximate content, amino acids, zinc, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium of supplementary feeding nugget products, and determine the most preferred supplementary feeding products. The “ke-kame-tu” formula (15-60-25) and supplementary feeding products were made using a randomized block design. Taste data was obtained using organoleptic tests. Analysis of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium using spectrophotometric methods. To determine the best supplementary feeding product, a diversity analysis (Anova) of organoleptic test results was carried out. The ke-kame-tu formula (15-60-35) contains 4.39 mg/100g of calcium, 530 mg/100 g of phosphorus, 80 mg/100 g of magnesium, 1.65 mg/100 g of zinc, and protein as much as 16.81%. In general, nuggets made using a modified recipe by adding to-kame-tu formulas with different concentrations have different nutritional content, namely increasing calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and protein content. Based on organoleptic tests, it was found that nugget products with N3 treatment were the preferred product compared to other treatments. This supplementary feeding product uses the addition of 100 grams of the second formula. 
An assessment of heel blood sampling procedures for postnatal screening in newborn infants at the national hospital of obstetrics and gynecology in Vietnam, 2023
Get PDFThe study was conducted over one month in the Obstetrics Department at the Central Maternity Hospital. The objective was to depict the current state of knowledge among mothers regarding the heel blood sampling program for postnatal screening and to analyze the decision-making process of mothers in implementing postnatal screening for their infants. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive method was employed in this study. The results revealed that 40% of mothers were unaware of the heel blood sampling program. Age and location were identified as factors influencing this lack of awareness. Despite good maternal knowledge about heel blood sampling at the Obstetrics Department, only 78.4% of mothers decided to proceed with heel blood sampling for their infants. The conclusion drawn emphasizes the need to strengthen counseling efforts to increase the rate of infants undergoing heel blood sampling for postnatal screening
The effects of long working hours on the psychological health during COVID-19 and roles of social services
Get PDFAim: This systematic review aims to consolidate global evidence regarding the prevalence and symptomatology of Long COVID in hospitalized and non-hospitalized populations, providing insights into the long-term health effects following COVID-19 infection. Methods: A comprehensive literature search identified 194 studies involving 735,006 participants. The analysis included both hospitalized and non-hospitalized cohorts, focusing on symptom prevalence and associated health outcomes at an average follow-up of 126 days post-infection. Results: The findings reveal that 45% of COVID-19 survivors report at least one unresolved symptom, with fatigue, disturbed sleep, and breathlessness being the most frequently reported issues. Hospitalized patients exhibited a higher prevalence of persistent symptoms (52.6%) compared to non-hospitalized patients (34.5%). The review highlights significant heterogeneity in study designs, methodologies, and symptom reporting, which complicates the interpretation of Long COVID'S prevalence. Conclusion: The review underscores the urgent need for standardized data collection methods to enhance the clinical relevance of future Long COVID research. Given the high incidence of unresolved symptoms, healthcare services and policymakers must prioritize Long COVID care and explore different subtypes to ensure effective, stratified healthcare
Prevalence, serotypes, and third generation antibiotic-resistant patterns of Salmonella enteric serotype Typhi, in Peshawar
Get PDFMost of the major health problems are caused by Selmonella virus. This virus is recognized as the most common food born pathogen. We documented the participants' health conditions, including their demography, antibacterial sensitivity, and epigenetic changes for resistance to distinct Salmonella. Enterica variants, isolated here in 33 different strains of Salmonella Enterica were identified through biochemical characteristics and 16S recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid sequence. The most frequent bacterium, Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis, caused 39.4% of incidents, afterward, 21.2% were caused by Salmonella Paratyphi species, 15.2 percent by Salmonella Typhimurium species, 12.1% by Salmonella Typhi species, and 12.1% by Salmonella Arizona species. Most of the isolates demonstrated resistance to 1st-2nd generation cephalospori. A few Salmonella Enterica strains were also susceptible to the primary antimicrobial drugs salmonellosis, such as, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Additionally, the results showed the emergence of two Salmonella Enterica strains that were sensitive to 3rd generation cephalosporins. In Salmonella Enterica strains, the existence of carb-like, dihydrofolate reductase1 (dfrA1), florfenicol resistance genes (floR), and Tetracycline resistance protein A (tetA) genes, respectively, was accompanied with acclimation to different antibacterial drugs (chloramphenicol, tetracycline, B-lactam drugs and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). 
Prevalence of anxiety and depression among celiac disease patients
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Celiac disease is an immune-mediated intestinal condition with a 1% worldwide incidence caused by gluten sensitivity in a genetically predisposed individual. It manifests as gastrointestinal symptoms, malabsorption-related symptoms, and/or extra intestinal manifestations such as neuropsychiatric problems. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression in celiac disease patients. Patients and Method: This questionnaire based cross-sectional study was carried out on 126 celiac disease patients investigated in the Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department of District Headquarter Hospital, Charsadda Pakistan. All the patients with age ≥18 years old diagnosed with celiac disease based on positive serological test and biopsy confirmation were enrolled. The questionnaire consisted of demographic details, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) score, and nine questions that assessed depressive symptoms. SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis. Results: The overall mean age was 36.5± 12.16 years. Of the 126 total patients, there were 98 (77.8%) female and 28 (22.2%) male. The incidence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 84.1% (n=106) and 81% (n=102) respectively. There was no causal relationship found between any of the factors and the occurrence of anxiety or depression symptoms. 
To compare the clinical efficacy and side effects of implant (Jadelle) and IUCD (Copper T)
Get PDFThis study aims to compare the performance and side effects of the subdermal implant JADELLE and intrauterine contraceptive device Copper-T as long-acting reversible contraceptive methods. The study design involved a comparative analysis of Jadelle and Copper-T contraceptives, assessing clinical performance and side effects. Sample data from 336 participants was collected using stratified random sampling, with standardized instruments for demographic information, clinical assessment, and contraceptive side effects. Inclusion criteria were reproductive-age multipara women, while exclusion criteria included primary para, preexisting medical disorders, nullipara, and other contraceptive use. Ethical guidelines were followed, ensuring informed consent, privacy, and the right to withdraw. Statistical analysis employed descriptive statistics, chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. SPSS (version 23.0) was used for analysis. The comparison between Group A (Jadelle) and Group B (Copper-T) reveals interesting findings. Group A has a higher mean age, but no significant differences in parity, blood pressure, or weight. Group B has more total and ongoing pregnancies. Group A experiences higher prevalence of side effects, including expulsion, infection, severe menstrual changes, pain or discomfort, and mood swings. Blood parameters show no significant differences. Variations exist in follow-up rates, informed consent, and privacy maintenance. 
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing students’ perspectives about nursing as career choice and nursing profession’s image: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Get PDFHealthcare Industry has taken a center-stage in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Which affected many countries globally to rethink and strengthen its healthcare infrastructure. The student nurses experienced various emotions during the pandemic period which may impact their attitude towards choosing nursing as their career choice. For that, this study aimed to determine the nursing students’ attitude towards the chosen nursing profession and its image during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, to investigate the impact factors that may affect the students’ attitude on choosing nursing as their career choice in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A descriptive quantitative, cross-sectional design was used. A quantitative survey instrument was developed, piloted, factor analyzed, checked for reliability, validity and implemented. The survey was conducted in a nursing institution in the UAE and received 372 responses. In general, there seems to be a positive attitude towards choosing the nursing profession as a career choice and the nursing profession image. In conclusion, this study showed that the pandemic has not affected the nursing students negatively on the attitude towards their career-choice. The students’ families and the government of UAE have been very supportive during the pandemic
Acceptance rate, hesitancy and comorbidities in pregnant women: A COVID-19 vaccination status
Get PDFWe analyzed the electronic data (e-data) of n=5231 vaccinated candidates including n=3671 males and n=1560 females. We studied the COVID-19 vaccine brands such as Sino pharm, CanSino, SinoVac, Moderna and Pfizer. We noted adverse effects in post-vaccinated candidates were Instability in blood pressure 29.5%, Swelling 3.5%, Redness 14.2%, Itching 7.13%, and Rashes 2.4%. Comorbidities in the vaccinated candidates such as Hypertension 33%, Diabetes mellitus 17%, Kidney disease 42%, and Chronic respiratory disease 9%. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy 1153, 22% and Non-Hesitant 4078, 77%. We analyzed the e-data of COVID-19 vaccinated candidates, the acknowledgement of COVID-19 immunization in pregnant women. Worrying about vaccine safety was the significant justification for hesitancy. Recognizing mentalities among study groups will be valuable for coming up with vaccine strategies that increment the ongoing pandemic
Relationship between Vitamin D Insufficient, Vitamin D Deficient Pakistani population and COVID-19
Get PDFThe people with less Vitamin D have enlarged probability for acute respiratory tract infections. There is substantial uncertainty about the link between “25(OH)D” ratio and the prevalence of “COVID-19”. With the major endpoints of death, duration of staying in hospital, cannulation and rate of recurrence of COV-19 indicators, this study was done to evaluate the quantity of Vit-D in Corona patients in Jinnah post graduate medical Centre Krachi, Pakistan, and to link “vitamin D” insufficiency and shortage with these events. Eighty patients in total had their “25(OH)D” status assessed throughout the duration of their COVID-19 disease. Deficient (9 nanogram/milliliter), inadequate (5-35 ng/mL), or appropriate (> 25 ng/mL) 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were determined. Patients in ICU (P = 0.035), protruding oxygen supply (P = 0.03), tenacious eosinophilic pneumonia, and decease were all substantially correlated with “Vit-D” insufficiency in univariate Cox regression. After adjusting for confounding variables, only death (P = 0.039) and persistent pulmonary infiltrates (probability = 0.008) were statistically substantial on multivariate Cox regression. Moreover, affected population having 25(OH)D concentrations 9.9 ng/mL showed a better likelihood of surviving than others. Populations lacking in 25-hydroxyvitamin D experienced lower results and a long duration of hospital stay