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Micronutrients deficiency among ulcerative colitis patients
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Malnutrition is a significant concern in inflammatory bowel disease with incidence varied from 18% to 62% among ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the ulcerative colitis patients for micronutrient status. Patients and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 56 ulcerative colitis patients in the Endoscopic Unit of Dr. Fida Painless & General Hospital, Peshawar for the duration from April 2022 to April 2023. Newly diagnosed ulcerative patients confirmed by colonoscopy and histopathology were enrolled. All the patients were divided into three different categories based on disease severity: Group-I (mild), Group-II (moderate), and Group-III (severe). Each individual underwent complete physical examination, laboratory investigations, and colonoscopy. Serum was obtained and tested for selenium, iron, copper, and magnesium levels. SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total 56 UC patients, there were 21 (37.5%) male and 35 (62.5%) female. The overall mean age was 34 years. Based on histopathological examination, the grading of disease severity were as follows: Group-I (mild) 4 (7.1%), Group-II (moderate) 28 (50%), and Group-III (severe) 24 (42.9%). UC patients group and healthy group had similarity in terms of age and gender
Diagnostic accurateness of AST/ALT for esophageal variceal bleeding diagnosis considering endoscopy as gold standard
Get PDFAim: To assess the diagnostic accurateness of AST/ALT ≥ 1 for detecting esophageal varices’ considering endoscopy as gold standard. Study Design: A Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at Lahore General Hospital and Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar during the period from January 2022 to December 2022. Methodology: Using non-probability purposive sampling, 180 patients with liver cirrhosis between the ages of 18 and 65, of either sex, were selected. On endoscopy, esophageal varices were confirmed, and the AST/ALT Ratio was calculated. Results: Of the 180 patients in total, 120 (66.7%) were men and 60 (33.3%) were women. The sampled population's mean age was 51.20 ±6.9 years. The average duration of CLD was 5.42 years with a range of 2 to 10 years. 118 (65.5%) patients had an AST/ALT ratio greater than 1, 105 (58.3%) had varices detected during endoscopy, and 75 (41.7%) had no varices. The results showed that the sensitivity was computed to be 96.8%, the specificity to be 55.2%, the negative predictive value to be 90.2%, the positive predictive value to be 77.1%, the false negative rate to be 6.9% and the false positive rate to be 41.5%
Participants’ experiences of coronaviruses infection
Get PDFBackground: Coronaviruses affect many populations worldwide. Their experience varies according to the severity of the infection. Some of them had a mild infection which was treated at home while the severer cases were treated at the hospital. Aim: This study explored the experience of the infected population by COVID-19 in 2021. A qualitative study design was conducted in 2021, and a structured electronic questionnaire was used for data collection from fourteen individuals diagnosed with COVIID -19, and agreement was taken from each participant after a full explanation on the first page of the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method and Excel program, to assess the participants’ experiences related to coronavirus infection. Results: the result shew the different participants’ experiences during the infection period with coronaviruses particularly, symptoms, treatment, psychological experience, and complications. Conclusion: The data was collected during this pandemic phase to compare different experiences related to the nature of the infection to get information that can help in constructing education programs to raise population awareness about this problem
Advances in polytrauma management in the emergency setting: A comprehensive review
Get PDFBackground: Polytrauma, a major global health issue, poses significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide due to its high mortality and disability rates. Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, trauma remains a leading cause of death, particularly from road traffic accidents and among the elderly. Traditional definitions and management strategies for polytrauma have evolved, now incorporating comprehensive criteria such as the Berlin definition. Aim: This review aims to provide an updated overview of polytrauma management in emergency settings, focusing on advancements and current practices in pre-hospital care, emergency department resuscitation, and subsequent rehabilitation phases. Methods: The review synthesizes recent research and guidelines related to polytrauma management, including pre-hospital care techniques, resuscitation strategies, and innovative approaches like Damage Control Orthopaedics (DCO) and Damage Control Resuscitation (DCR). Key areas of focus include airway management, hemorrhage control, and the management of trauma-associated coagulopathy. Results: Advances in polytrauma management include the implementation of the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) and Pre-Hospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS) systems, which have improved outcomes by standardizing care protocols. The integration of DCO and the shift towards individualized care approaches, such as Prompt Individualized Safe Management (PRISM), have enhanced patient stabilization and recovery. 
Medical errors and patient safety: Strategies for reducing errors using artificial intelligence
Get PDFBackground: Medical errors remain a significant challenge in healthcare, contributing to adverse patient outcomes, increased costs, and extended hospitalizations. These errors encompass diagnostic inaccuracies, medication mistakes, surgical errors, and communication breakdowns. The global prevalence of medical errors underscores the urgent need for effective strategies to enhance patient safety. Aim: This article explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in reducing medical errors and improving patient safety. It aims to evaluate how AI technologies can mitigate various types of medical errors, and the challenges associated with their implementation. Methods: The study reviews current literature on AI applications in healthcare, focusing on diagnostic support, medication safety, surgical precision, and patient monitoring. It analyzes the effectiveness of AI-driven systems in reducing errors across different medical disciplines and examines the integration challenges, including ethical and regulatory concerns. Results: AI technologies, including machine learning algorithms and decision support systems, have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, preventing medication errors, and improving surgical outcomes. AI-driven systems have shown promising results in real-time patient monitoring, early detection of adverse events, and optimizing healthcare management. However, challenges related to data privacy, algorithm transparency, and integration into clinical workflows persist. 
Data security challenges in medical records: A comparative analysis of digital and paper systems
Get PDFBackground: This has become very important since health care is moving from paper-based systems to electronic systems. Each of them is exposed to various risks such as cyberrisks and physical losses which makes the issue of data security rather acute. Aim: The purpose of this work is to define the major issues related to the protection of the patient records and discover the differences in the risks associated with the digital and paper record management in healthcare organizations. Methods: A literature review and was done to compare the risks of using digital and paper medical record systems, with emphasis on data breaches, regulation, and security measures in the case studies. Results: The major drawbacks of the paperless systems include attacks on the digital records and system Compromised data on the other hand has high risks of being stolen, ripped, lost among other catastrophes. Both systems fail in compliance matters, as well as in sharing data securely. Conclusion: Medical facility data safeguarding is about both the paper and digital sides that are addressed by encryption, compliance with the law, or staff education. Continual adaptation has been regarded as a key to successful protection of patient data
Ethical considerations in the use of patient medical records for research
Get PDFBackground: The exchange of data allows major advancements in the medical field and contributes to growth in data research in general. However, these practices also raiseethical concerns such as patient’s privacy rights, patients’ self-ownership, and reporting and ownership of data. Aim: The custodianship of data; whether it should be one’s best to share or collaborate depends on the benefits to be accrued from the research, against the rights of the patients. Methods: A literature review of current literature and major ethical codes was also employed to identify the main hurdles to data sharing and cooperation. Results: The study also revealed explicit threats regarding the dangers which privacy and data integrity of patients may face, especially for de-identified data. It also brought into focus issues on consent procedures, conflicts in ownership particularly where collaborations involve several institutions, and procedural lapses on the part and parity of ensuring compliance to ethics and the law. Conclusion: Ethical issues arising from data-sharing and collaboration call for still stronger measures for protective governance as well as equitable share and open policies for patients’ protection as research is enhanced
Improving patient care through effective medical records management: A nursing and physician perspective
Get PDFBackground: Health information also oversees a very important function in relation to the safety of treatments and the general quality of a healthcare service. Over the recent past, with the adoption of Electronic Health Record (HER) with the decrease in the use of paper documentation there have been advancement in the documentation of health records from easy access to accurate documentation. Aim: This study seeks to understand how to improve the chances of positive health outcomes through the management of medical records on the part of health care givers; and potential strategies of interest include the views of stakeholders and benchmarks concerning management and ways of preserving the identity of patients. Methods: As a result of the literature review, the findings of studies on the effectively and ineffectively implemented HER system, records management by interdisciplinary teams, and measures of maintaining confidentiality of patients were reviewed. Results: The study also revealed that accurate medical record keeping play a very vital role to enhancement of health care delivery and work effectiveness. Increased use of technology especially in implementing EHRs has enhanced ways of accessing information, decision making and communication in a team. 
Clinical study of autoimmune hepatitis: A single center study at National Liver Institute
Get PDFIntroduction: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an infrequent liver insult with notorious comorbidities, in which autoimmune-mediated relativities against hepatocytes are thought to play a crucial role. Aim: to delineate updated demographics of AIH. Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively. Assessment included demographic, laboratory, radiological, and histopathological characteristics (if feasible). Results: The mean age of the studied cases was 34.63 ± 12.76 years with minimum 19 years and maximum 65 years with female predominance as There were 15 males (26.3%) and 42 females (73.7%). 15.8% of cases had AIH associated DM, 2.2% with autoimmune thyroiditis, and 1.5% with Crohn’s disease. Conclusion: AIH is a prevalent liver disease
Analysis of mother's knowledge level in special location areas for stunting prevention: Preliminary study of mother's knowledge in one of the special stunting location areas
Get PDFThis research aims to analyze more deeply the knowledge that mothers have about stunting and pregnancy in areas with special locations for stunting prevention.. This research was designed by compiling a structured questionnaire consisting of 2 groups of questions, namely knowledge questions about stunting consisting of 14 questions and questions about pregnancy consisting of 21 questions. Each question is given a score and then formulated to get the final scoring for each respondent. The research results show that the average value of respondents' knowledge about stunting was 3.36 and the average value of respondents' knowledge about pregnancy was 13.70. After being categorized based on the average value, the average knowledge of respondents regarding stunting was 52% in the sufficient category, and respondents' knowledge about pregnancy was 66% in the sufficient category. However, increasing maternal knowledge about stunting and pregnancy needs to be increased to 100% to be the basis for preventing stunting in the future