International journal of health sciences
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The impact of social media on the academic performance of second-year medical students at a public sector medical college in Pakistan
Get PDFBackground and aim: The students are using a lot of social media in recent times which was not the case in old times. The excessive use of social media may have an impact on the annual academic performance of the students. We studied the impact of social media on academic performance. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among second-year medical students at a public sector medical college in Pakistan from 5th June 2022 till 5th July 2022. Informed consent was taken, and a validated questionnaire was designed to collect data and was hosted in Google Forms to allow students to fill out the questionnaire. Results: The Mean ± SD of the marks secured by the students in anatomy was 135±14.5, the average cumulative marks of students in physiology were 142±12.3, in biochemistry, the average cumulative marks were 154±13.1 and the mean of the total marks secured by the students in their first Professional examination was 431±33.4. Regarding grade distribution, in anatomy the median of the grades was 2.5±1.0, in physiology, the cumulative grade of students was 3.0±1.0, the cumulative grade of students in Biochemistry was 3.5±0.7. The combined grades of students for all the subjects were 3.0±1.0
Osteoimmunology in rheumatoid arthritis: A comparison between conventional therapies and biologics
Get PDFAim: Rheumatoid arthritis is an immune-mediated disease that affects the peripheral joints and is characterized by chronic systemic inflammation with systemic bone mineral density loss. Susceptibility to osteoporosis occurs due to systemic inflammation, as well as chronic corticosteroid use. The biologic and target-specific disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) act effectively blocking systemic inflammation. We hypothesized that patients receiving biologic and target-specific DMARDs have higher bone mineral density, exhibit lower serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and require lower corticosteroid doses than those receiving conventional therapy. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we conducted a quantitative, descriptive, observational, cross-sectional and prospective clinical trial by collecting data from eligible patients. The participants were divided into three groups according to DMARD class (conventional synthetic, biologic, and target-specific DMARDs). The main inflammatory mediators of osteoporosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6), Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints, calculated using C-reactive protein, bone mineral density, bone turnover biomarker C-terminal telopeptide, and glucocorticoid dose were assessed in the three groups. Analysis of variance and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient were used to compare the results among groups. Trial Registration Number - Certificate of Presentation for Ethical Consideration (CAAE): 46069821.4.0000.8667, 07/15/2021. 
A sociological study about the causes and consequences of milk adulteration: A case study of district Faisalabad
Get PDFExtraordinary nourishing significance of milk as well as comparative lower price related to other diets containing protein made it a particular portion of dietetics amongst the inhabitants around the globe. Conversely, the amplified demand of milk globally made it disposed to gigantic intensities of deceitful actions. It is a highly risky product for falsified deeds for getting economic gains where culprits can intensify nutrition protection threats and reduce nutritious worth by deliberated contamination along with the deficiency of maintenance, negligence in deprived cleanliness circumstances, no refrigeration conveniences. Current study was directed to expose the causes, harmful consequences and solutions for the prevention of this menace. For this purpose, 60 respondents from supply chain conveniently and 150 respondents from consumer chain systematically. Due to adulteration in milk, it became considerably low nutritious levels which also be lethal for community well-being exposed through current milk adulteration outrages which caused risky issues related to socio-economic conditions in addition to psychological and serious health concerns related to stomach, eye sight, cardiac, renal, and lever failure due to hazardous additives used as adulterants in milk
Discussion, disagreement & dialogue (3D): A preventive learning approach for undergraduate MBBS students to embrace what is right, rather than who!!!
Get PDFThe present medical education system is mostly a one-way communication, whereas discussion improves student’s critical thinking, disagreement values for decision making. Aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and impact of 3D (Discussion, disagreement, and dialogue) learning approach among undergraduate MBBS students in terms of their perception & impact on learning outcomes. An interventional study was carried out among 84 students in a tertiary heath care institute. The knowledge was assessed before and after intervention. Total 4 session were conducted with 20 randomly selected students in each session discussing 5 statements. Each statement was discussed by 4 (2 for 2 against) students at a time and followed by moderator’s summary & audience interaction, followed by a feedback survey. The increase in knowledge was found to be statistically significant at p<0.0001. Majority of them were either strongly agree or agree to the statement of improved understanding (90.4%), communication (90.4%), interest (86.4%), satisfaction (86.4%) & speaking skills (80.8%) after the intervention. Although sessions were interactive and fun learning few challenges encountered time constraint, non-participation, stage fear, language, adaptation to the environment. Conclusions: 3D learning approach was successful in improving student’s performance in terms of knowledge, communication, understanding, speaking skills, satisfaction
Establishment and evaluation of Pakistan's trauma registry: Insights from a public sector trauma institute
Get PDFBackground: The need for a trustworthy Trauma Registry (TR) to enhance patient care and direct trauma prevention strategies has been recognized for a very long time. Objectives: This research sought to establish, develop, and assess Pakistan's first Digital TR at SMBB Institute of Trauma. Methods: Using U.S. DIv5 TR model as starting point, locally adapted digital TR was developed, and several methodologies were used to analyze prevalence, characters, and first-aid care of trauma, as well as the feasibility of establishing a national TR. The research was conducted at SMBBIT for the period from November 2016 to December 2022. Results: Majority of patients suffering trauma were youthful 46% and predominantly male 86%, according to the demographic analysis. Direct admission from the accident scene was common 68%, and the preponderance of incidents involved 59% road accidents. In the majority of cases, 64% family members provided primary care. The leading causes of injury were 75% blunt force trauma and 59% automobile collisions. Orthopedic 35%, neurosurgical 22%, and oro-maxillofacial 12% injuries were the most common. In terms of assault-related injuries, gunshot wounds were a prominent cause of trauma. 
Exploring the awareness, perceptions, and behaviors regarding HIV/AIDS among healthcare workers in Sindh, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study
Get PDFIntroduction: Pakistan is among the nations reporting the highest growth in HIV infections globally. Particularly in Sindh province, HIV has reached an alarming stage among vulnerable groups of society and dialysis patients. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate female health professionals' HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in rural Pakistan. A general practitioner (GP) started seeing an unusually rise of cases in young children with HIV (AIDS) infection earlier this year. There is a fault in health care system because the women who hired as female health workers have insufficient knowledge, awareness, and handling of HIV. There poor attitudes, and inappropriate practices related to HIV, are the key variables affecting the proper control of HIV/AIDS spread. Methods: This current quantitative cross-sectional study conducted on Female health workers age range between 18 to 60 years after taking proper training and at least three months of field experience to assess their KAPs on HIV/AIDS. Total 316 LHWs were selected who were fit according to the inclusion criteria. Results: It was found half of the LHWs were Matric passed with 50.9% of them were aware of HIV/AIDS as a viral disease. 
Comparison of dynamic compression screw with trochanteric stabilization plate vs proximal femoral nail in intertrochanteric fracture
Get PDFBackground: Fracture of hip is long considered a major contributor to disability. Unstable trochanteric fractures with coronal split continue to be a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Objective: Comparison of dynamic compression screw with trochanteric stabilization plate vs proximal femoral nail in intertrochanteric fracture. Methodology: The current study was prospective cohort study, carried out at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar for duration of six months after approval of synopsis. Patients were divided into two groups each having 63 patients. Group DHS/TSP was treated by Dynamic hip screw with Trochanteric Stabilizing Plates and Group PFN was treated by Proximal Femoral nail. On each visit X-ray of hip Harris Hip Score was calculated. Data was analyzed by statistical analysis program (IBM-SPSS.Version.23). Results: In the current study, a total of 126 patients were enrolled. There were 63 patients in DHS/TSP group and 63 in PFN group. The mean age (SD) in DHS/TSP group was 56 (8.14) years while the mean age (SD) in PFN group was 58 (7.25) years. The mean (SD) incision length in DHS/TSP group was 7.60 (0.8) cm while in PFN group it was 4.68 (0.49) cm
The relationships between individual and school factors with academic performance: The mediating role of academic engagement and academic resilience
Get PDFThe aim of study was to investigate the relationship between individual and school factors with academic performance with the mediating role of academic engagement and academic resilience. From the population of Iraqi high school students, a sample of 300 students was randomly selected in 2021-2021. The data were collected using standard tools and analyzed by structural equation method in Amos. The results of the research indicated the compatibility of the theoretical model with the data fit. Also, the results showed that the individual factors had a significant direct effect on academic progress, academic engagement and academic resilience, in addition, the school factor had an effective role on academic resilience, academic engagement and academic performance of students, but the mediating effect of resilience and enthusiasm on academic performance was not significant. It is suggested to pay attention to individual and school factors to improve students' academic performance
Stress management intervention could reduce the adolescent smoking behavior
Get PDFSmoking in adolescents has become a habit and the proportion tends to increase. The cause of teenagers smoking psychologically was for relaxation, giving calm and coping with stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of stress management on adolescent smoking behavior in West Bogor District Vocational High School (SMK). The results of this study are expected to be useful for the preparation and implementation of intervention programs and as a guide for nurses in providing stress management interventions. The research design was Quasi-Experimental using pre and post tests with Control Group. Before the selection of respondents, screening was conducted on 5 SMKs totaling 410 students. From the results of the screening, it was found that the number of adolescents who smoked less than or equal to5 cigarettes per day with mild and moderate stress levels was 108 students. This group was divided into two, namely the control group 54 students and the intervention group 54 students. The results showed that the average number of cigarettes smoked per day in the intervention group decreased from 3.30 to 1.42 cigarettes. There was a significant decrease in smoking behavior in adolescents after getting stress management interventions (P value 0,000). 
Perinatal outcomes following COVID-19 vaccination: A matched cohort study of vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant women
Get PDFBackground: There is still more study to be done on how the COVID-19 vaccine affects perinatal outcomes in expectant mothers. This matched cohort research sought to learn more about the connection between the COVID-19 vaccine and perinatal outcomes, such as stillbirths and premature deliveries. Methods: A total of 1,200 pregnant women were included in the study, with 600 vaccinated and 600 unvaccinated participants at Hayat medical complex Peshawar. The primary outcomes assessed were stillbirths and preterm births. Secondary outcomes included low birth weight, NICU admission, respiratory distress syndrome, and neonatal mortality. Data on maternal characteristics, COVID-19 infection history, and vaccination status were collected. Matched analysis using propensity score matching was performed to account for potential confounding factors. Results: In the total birth cohort, there were 4 stillbirths (0.67%) in the vaccinated group compared to 7 stillbirths (1.17%) in the unvaccinated group (odds ratio [OR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16-1.92). Similarly, there were 40 preterm births (6.67%) in the vaccinated group compared to 50 preterm births (8.33%) in the unvaccinated group (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.47-1.27). The rates of low birth weight, NICU admission, respiratory distress syndrome, and neonatal mortality did not differ significantly between the two groups