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‘Malnutrition: A serious concern among hospitalized patients’ a cohort study of nutritional screening among admitted patients using GRAZ malnutrition tool- GMT
Get PDFObjective: To identify the risks, causes, and degree of malnutrition among admitted patients using GRAZ Malnutrition Screening tool with gender and age groups comparison among private and public hospitals. Materials & Methods: A comparative cohort study was conducted upon 385 admitted patients of two Government and private hospitals from 1st Dec- 2019 to 31st March- 2020. A standardized validated tool was used with categories of weight loss within the last 3 months, BMI, changes in appetite, the severity of the disease, and age greater than 65 with a cut-off score of 3. The data was entered and analyzed through SPSS- Version 19 by computing, frequency, percentages, and Chi-Square test, with significant cut-off limit for P-Value was set at 0.05. Results: Among the 385 admitted patients 52.2 % (n= 201) were males and 48 % (n=184) females. The vulnerable age group was 39-58 Year with 40 % (n= 157) while 33.5 % (n= 129) were among 28-38 Year. Only 6 % (n= 21) were under-weight with BMI <18 / < 20. The risk of malnutrition among admitted females was 65.7 % (n= 121) as compared to 52.2 % males (n= 105) with GMS >3. 
Clinical manifestations, hormonal profile and rationale of the polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility in Pakistani women
Get PDFIntroduction: Many women of reproductive age experience polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by growth of cysts on the ovaries that range in size from 2 to 10mm in antral measurement, oligomenorrhea, menorrhagia, acne and hyperandrogenism. Objective: The study aimed to correlate the rational of PCOS with infertility in women. Place and Duration: The study was conducted in different districts of Sindh in Pakistan during the period 2020-22. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine how common infertility was among women with PCOS who sought care at different gynecological clinics. Pathological investigation of the patient's hormonal profile, including serum insulin, serum prolactin, LH, FSH, and serum testosterone levels were also investigated. Results: 316 of infertile women (63.20%) were diagnosed with PCOS. Females had oligomenorrhea as the predominant (p<0.05) pattern of the PCOS-affected females. Acne, hirsutism, and hyperandrogenism were significantly (P<0.05) more common among these women. In women with PCOS, the level of testosterone was significantly elevated (132+2.39 ng/dl; P<0.05). Conclusion: PCOS is the leading cause of infertility owing to anovulation, as affected women displayed severe clinical manifestations of oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, acne, hyperandrogenism, and elevated testosterone levels and thus can easily be diagnosed and treated accordingly
Comparison between indoor air quality of private and governmental health care institutions
Get PDFBackground: Indoor air quality is "of interest" to healthcare providers because of its importance in maintaining the health of internal and external customers, as the air can transmit various microbes, including pathogenic ones. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate Indoor air quality in private and governmental healthcare institutions in Nablus -Palestine. As well as compare the results before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic; by finding the effect of adhering to the public health and safety guidelines imposed by the Ministry of Health. Methods: Samples were collected by passive approach from two different hospitals at five departments where most activities and tasks are performed inside, Besides two –various sites outside the hospital, in an average of three hours. The positive colonies were identified by using several biochemical tests. Then, the Total Microbial Load (CFU/plate) was calculated for each plate. Results: The predominant Gram-positive bacteria in Rafidia Governmental Surgical Hospital was S. aureus, present in daycare and emergency departments and Aer. hydrophila gr.1 among Gram-negative bacteria found in the surgical department. While in An-Najah National University Hospital (NNUH), the predominant Gram-positive bacteria were S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus, present in departments of surgery and laboratories, respectively. 
Intracranial hypertension medical symptoms, etiology, and spectrum a cross-sectional study
Get PDFObjective: To examine intracranial hypertension patients' spectrum, clinical features, and etiologies. Study Design: A Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: In the Department of Neurosurgery MMC Mardan from January 2019 to July 2020. Methodology: We used specific selection criteria to reduce the pool of IH patients from 67 to 32. Statistics and frequency distributions explain patients' demographics, clinical traits, and underlying reasons. Results: According to statistics, females (n = 30; 82%) with ages ranging from 21 to 35 (n = 13; 36%) and obesity (n = 2; 9%) were over represented. The most common clinical sign was headache (n = 18; 69%). On the other hand, idiopathic intracranial pressure had the greatest occurrence (44%). Conclusion: Women between the ages of 21 and 35 who are overweight or pregnant have an increased risk of developing idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IH)
Frequency of different clinical presentations/ symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in patients presenting to the outpatient department of lady reading hospital Peshawar
Get PDFIn the absence of any structural aetiology, irritable bowel syndrome is a condition of gastrointestinal motility and sensation that is defined by persistent abdominal pain and irregular bowel movements. It is the communal reasons for gastroenterology consultations. Therefore, knowledge of the relative frequency of these symptoms in our population will enable healthcare practitioners to tailor their management to the symptom patterns of our population. Objective: To determine the frequency of different clinical presentations/symptoms (frequent stools, looser stools, infrequent stools, harder stools, abdominal pain) of irritable bowel syndrome in patients presenting to the outpatient department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Place and Duration: In Gastroenterology outpatient department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar for six months duration from 25th June, 2019 to 25th December, 2019. Study Design: A Cross-sectional Study. Methods: In this study a total 192 patients were observed. The patients were given a questionnaire containing questions about their clinical presentation including present and past symptoms. These questions were including details of how frequently they need to pass stools, consistency/form of stools (graded according to Bristol Stool Chart) as well as presence or absence of pain. 
Incidence of surgical site infections in clean and clean contaminated surgeries
Get PDFBackground: Health care-associated infections (HAI) continue to be a significant global community health issue and a concern to patient safety despite significant progress in infection control strategies. Among the most often reported illnesses acquired in hospitals are surgical site infections (SSI) (HAI). Methods: This prospective observational study was held in the various Surgical departments of Bakhtawar Amin Trust Teaching Hospital Multan and Fauji foundation hospital Peshawar cantt.April, 2022 to September, 2022. The study comprised a total of 400 individuals who underwent clean and clean contaminated procedures. Data on comorbidities, post-operative stay, kind of surgery, length of operation, use of prosthesis, day of SSI event, demographics, and re-suturing were gathered and evaluated. Pus aspirate/swab from patients suspected of having SSI was sent for culture and sensitivity testing. Results: The study covered 400 clean contaminated and clean surgeries. 5 percent of cases developed SSI. There was a correlation between SSI and age group, gender and also depends on the procedure type as emergency or elective. The stay in hospital was prolonged post-operatively (>7 days) in 14 (70%) patients who acquired SSI. 13 (65%) of the patients with SSI had co-morbidities. E. 
Routine assessment of carotid plaques on Doppler USG and associated presenting symptoms at a Tertiary Care Centre, Lahore
Get PDFObjective: To determine the frequency of carotid plaques on Doppler USG and associated presenting symptoms at Tertiary Care Centre, Lahore. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 366 individuals was conducted from January 2020 to November 2020 at the Radiology Department of Shiekh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. A consultant radiologist scanned both sides of the extra-cranial carotid artery tree. The DUS of carotid arteries was done with a GE Voluson Expert 730 Doppler ultrasound machine, using a linear probe with a transducer frequency of 6-12.5MHz. Results: A total of 366 patients underwent bilateral carotid Doppler ultrasound examinations. Our findings showed carotid plaques in 156 (42.62%) patients; the majority were males 105(67.53). The mean age recorded was 61.17 ±9.54 years and the mean body mass index was 25.43±3.40 Kg/m2. The highest number of plaques were noted in the left carotid artery 64 (41.03%), the main location was the common carotid artery 88 (56.41%) and, the majority were homogenous plagues 88 (56.41%).The majority of patients presented with headaches 177 (48.36%). Associated comorbidities were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The accuracy of diagnosing Carotid artery plaques has greatly increased over time payable to radiological innovation
Employee engagement and job performance among employees in higher education institution: A Philippine illustration
Get PDFThe study determined the demographic profile, employee engagement, and job performance of Saint Francis Xavier College of Agusan del Sur employees in three areas of operations for employee engagement and four areas of operations for job performance, using a descriptive-correlation approach. The survey was administered to 36 non-teaching and 64 teaching professionals for the 2020-2021 academic year. Overall, both teaching and non-teaching respondents agreed with 2.70 mean values, demonstrating that respondents are involved in terms of reward and recognition, as well as perceived supervisor support, but not in terms of turn-over intention, which requires intervention. On the other hand, significant difference between the variables on the level of employee engagement as perceived by the two groups of respondents, the computed t and p-Value accept the null hypothesis, which means that the difference is not significant. The results indicate that non-teaching employees are unsatisfied with their pay, with a mean score of 2.86 indicating disagreement. As per the significant relationships between the variables as perceived by the teaching respondents, educational attainment and employment status were found to be "significant," while all other variables were "not significant.
Screening of eating disorders among adolescents: A study from Pakistan
Get PDFThe objective of the present study was to screen adolescencts for eating disorders and anxiety in Pakistan. Methodology: A sample of 382 adolescent respondents was selected from high schools located in twin cities (Rawalpindi and Islamabad) of Punjab Pakistan and Mirpur. Four pre-validated data collection tools i.e. Sick Control One Fat Food questionnaire, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Clinical impairment assessment and state trait anxiety inventory were used for screening of eating disorders and anxiety among conveniently selected adolescents. All the data was coded, entered and analyzed using SPSS 21. The results of the current study showed that among adolescent respondents the prevalence of Eating Disorders was 57.6 % (n=220) after screening. ED was more common among early aged adolescents, of 13 years 30% (n=15) and 14 years 26% (n=13) age. Females were more prone to ED 80% (n=40), than males 20% (n=10). Anxiety levels were quite high 30.6% (n=117) among adolescents. Conclusion: The study concluded high prevalence of eating disorders and anxiety among adolescents. Anorexia and Bulimia nervosa were the most commonly identified eating disorders among adolescents. Educational programs should be arranged in high schools and at the community level to improve the knowledge and awareness regarding eating disorders
 
Exploring the diversity, physiochemical analysis and morphometric measurement of fish fauna of Khudo Khail stream District Buner Pakistan
Get PDFThe aim of this research to investigate the diversity, physiochemical analysis, and morphometric measurement of fish fauna of Khudo Khail stream District Buner Pakistan. The present study was conducted on the Khudo Khail stream District Buner during the period of October 2019 to October 2020 to explore the fish fauna of Khudo Khail stream. The study was conducted in 7 different localities in Khudo Khail stream that is Bato, Kalaan, Dambaray, Dhandar, Baba Berr, Qasam Khail and Totalai. During the study 94 specimens were together from the collection points. The collections were taxonomically treated in the result of 9 species of fish under 5 orders, 6 families and 9 genera. The species were Barilius pakistanicus (Mirza and Sadiq, 1978),Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758), Channa punctata (Bloch, 1993), Cyprinion watsoni (Day, 1872), Mystus bleekeri (Francis Day, 1877),Oreochromis mossambicus (W. K. H. Peters, 1852),Pinctus ticto (Hamilton, 1822),Wallagu attu (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) and Matacembelus armatus (Lacepede, 1800). The water quality parameters of the Khudo Khail stream were also analyzed and were found to be suitable for the survival of the fish fauna. It was found that the fish fauna of Khudo Khail stream is very rich.