International journal of health sciences
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Barriers towards the children immunization at population level in Sheikh Maltoon Town, Mardan, KP
Get PDFA vaccine is a material that is generated from the illness's causative agent, its products, or a synthetic alternative and is treated to behave as an antigen without actually causing the disease. It is used to promote the formation of antibodies and confer protection against one or more diseases. Objectives: Our objectives were: 1) To determine the different barriers towards children immunization, 2) To determine the different countermeasures against these barriers. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional in nature and took place in Sheikh Maltoon Town, Mardan, Pakistan. Non-probability, convenient sampling was utilized, and 125 participants overall, all of whom were over the age of 18, participated. They were all long-term inhabitants of Sheikh Maltoon Town in Mardan, KPK. Active interaction (interviews) and questionnaires were both used to get the data. IBM SPSS 22 was used to capture and evaluate the data. Results: According to statistics, 119 (95.2%) of the 125 people knew about vaccines and vaccinations, while just 6 (4.8%) had no notion whatsoever. The data gathered showed the many obstacles to immunizing youngsters
Molecular dynamics study of marine-derived compounds as potential inhibitors for endometrial cancer
Get PDFAmong women, endometrial carcinoma is by far the most common form of gynecological cancer. The molecular processes underlying the development and progression of endometrial cancer are not well understood, despite substantial breakthroughs in detection and therapy. This research paper aims to explore the role of Integrin beta-3 (ITGB3) and HOX genes in endometrial cancer, shedding light on their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Among the many biological activities that integrin beta-3 (ITGB3) contributes to include cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, to name a few. Numerous studies have implicated ITGB3 in tumor development and metastasis. There is evidence that ITGB3 has a role in the development and prognosis of endometrial cancer due to its altered expression and dysregulation. The homeobox gene (HOX) family encodes transcription factors necessary for proper cell differentiation and development at all stages of embryonic life. Endometrial cancer is only one of several types of cancer linked to HOX gene dysregulation. The study provides an overview of the specific HOX genes involved in endometrial cancer and their functional significance in disease progression. It also discusses the potential utility of HOX genes as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in endometrial cancer management
Post radiofrequency ablation management of complications of osteoid osteoma with Ayurveda: A case study
Get PDFOsteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumour that usually develops in the long bones of the body such as femur & tibia. It causes continuous, deep and severe pain at night, Swelling, joint stiffness. Modalities of management in modern medicine are limited and many patients suffer from post RFA complication like pain, general debility, gait disorder etc. Hence, there is a need of more efficient methods to treat this. Our present study comprises of one such way of dealing post radiofrequency management of Osteoid Osteoma through Ayurveda. A single case study of 18 year old male patient, diagnosed with Osteoid Osteoma of right hip joint who underwent RFA for same but did not get relief. Patient came to us with the complaint of severe pain in right hip joint with muscle lag associated with difficulty in doing daily activities such as walking, cross leg sitting, squatting & Gait disorder from last two years. 
Excision and primary anastomotic urethroplasty
Get PDFObjective: To retrospectively review patients with strictures (<3 cm) of the bulbous urethra who had Undergone urethroplasty with excision of the stenotic segment and end-to-end anastomosis. Patients and Methods: One hundred patients were analyzed, all males with ages ranging from 18 to 60 who were treated for strictures between 5 and 30 mm in length between 2007 and 2021. Endoscopic internal urethrotomy was used in the treatment of 65 patients (%), and three patients (20()) had internal urethrotomy performed on them twice. The removal & primary anastomotic urethroplasty were performed on all patients. With the patient in a lithotomy posture, the stenotic segment was removed and the stumps spatulated for end-to-end anastomosis through a perineal incision. The average (range) time of an operation was 119 (75-150) minutes. Although one patient underwent revision surgery for a perineal urine fistula, the surgery itself and the time spent in the position of lithotomy were both uneventful. Results: After a median of 12 months of observation, 95% of patients were deemed cured since the stricture had not returned. Perineal urinary fistula and recurring stricture occurred in one case. No other adverse events occurred as a result of the treatment. 
Investigation of variations of pyrazinamide resistance and gene Xpert-based molecular typing in tuberculosis patients
Get PDFThe morbidity, death, and medication resistance caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis are global health concern. The Gene Xpert is employed to diagnose TB early and find pyrazinamide (PYR) resistance at the same time. Our goal was to examine the clinical TB situation at Faisalabad's tertiary care institutions and to use Gene Xpert to determine the prevalence of TB and the drug resistance pattern. In this research, 135 samples from probable TB patients were included, and Gene Xpert identified 127 samples as positive. The gender, age group (50 years), sample type (sputum and pleural), and number of M. tuberculosis by ct value (cycle threshold) were all taken into consideration when categorizing the samples. The findings of the current investigation revealed a significant positive frequency of TB in male patients and in the 31-50 years age ranges. Patients with TB had a high prevalence of M. tuberculosis in the low and medium categories. 16 of the 127 TB patients who tested positive for the disease had pyrazinamide resistance. Our study concluded that Gene Xpert is a useful method for quickly diagnosing and treating TB since it can quickly detect M. tuberculosis and pyrazinamide resistance
Frequency of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome amongst patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Get PDFObjective: To assess the frequency of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. Materials and method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a single center in order to find the frequency of lower GI bleeding in patients with solitary rectal ulcer syndrome from January 2022 to March 2023 at the Department of Gastroenterology, Qazi Hussain ahmad medical complex Nowshera after approval from the institutional review board of the hospital. A total of 176 participants of both genders were selected through a convenient sampling technique and the data was collected through a well-structured questionnaire, and through a physical examination, in addition to endoscopic and histopathology results. All the data was analyzed by using the latest version SPSS 24. Results: A total of 176 of the participants were selected with an age range from 20- 70 years with a mean age of 35.23 years and a standard deviation of 13.13. 
Combination therapies: Innovative strategies for enhancing treatment outcomes
Get PDFBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health issue requiring prolonged treatment regimens that often involve multiple medications. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent, is capable of residing in various tissue compartments during infection, leading to variability in drug accessibility and susceptibility. The complexity of the infection necessitates the use of antibiotic combinations to ensure that all affected areas are effectively treated. Despite the importance of these combinations, their design has traditionally been addressed relatively late in the drug development process, leading to a limited number of evaluated drug combinations. Aim of Work: This study aims to examine the advancements made in the investigation of drug combinations for TB treatment through in vitro, in vivo, and computational approaches. It will also explore the potential integration of these methodologies with recent successful clinical trials of innovative medication combinations to enhance combination treatments for TB. Methods: We conducted thorough literature searches to identify and analyze the methodologies and experimental models utilized in the assessment of medication combinations for TB. This involved examining the capabilities of various in vitro, in vivo, and computational techniques that have been applied to study the interactions and effects of different antibiotic combinations. 
Smart inhalers: Transforming asthma management and the pharmacist's involvement in patient education
Get PDFBackground: Asthma remains a global healthcare challenge despite advancements in classification, diagnosis, and inhalation therapy. A significant proportion of patients continue to experience uncontrolled asthma, which is linked to factors such as non-adherence to treatment and improper inhaler technique. Aim: This article aims to explore the potential of smart inhalers in transforming asthma management and to highlight the critical role of pharmacists in patient education. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature was conducted, focusing on the prevalence of uncontrolled asthma, the impact of non-adherence, and the integration of digital health technologies, particularly smart inhalers. The study involved an examination of the role of pharmacists in providing asthma education and promoting proper inhaler technique. Results: Findings reveal that 30% to 70% of asthma patients are non-adherent to their medication regimens. Smart inhalers equipped with digital health technologies can enhance medication adherence by providing real-time feedback to patients regarding their inhaler use and asthma status. The involvement of pharmacists in patient education is crucial for optimizing inhaler technique and improving overall asthma management. Conclusion: Smart inhalers represent a promising advancement in asthma care by addressing non-adherence and enhancing self-management. 
Mental health and the impact of social isolation in the post-pandemic era
Get PDFBackground: The COVID-19 virus has completely changed how people connect with each other, causing a lot of people to become socially isolated, which has serious mental health effects. Long-term separation has made mental health problems like worry, sadness, and loneliness worse, so we need to deal with them right away now that the pandemic is over. Even though these problems are becoming more known, not much study has been done on the long-term psychological effects of being alone after a pandemic or on effective ways to help people. Aim: The point of this study is to look into the mental health effects of being alone after a pandemic, figure out which groups are more likely to be negatively affected, and suggest ways to lessen the bad effects. It also wants to make suggestions for public health policies and programs based on facts. Methods: The study uses a mix of research methods, putting together information from organized conversations, public health surveys, and peer-reviewed studies. Quantitative analyses were used to find out how common mental health problems were, and theme analyses were used to find the most important psychological stresses and resilient factors. 
A clinicopathologic analysis of intussusception among Pakistani adults
Get PDFThe intussusception adults are rare and almost always as a result of secondary condition. The aim of this study is to review the adult intussusception's presentation, diagnosis, and pathophysiology was the goal of this study. Methods: This retrospective analysis study was held in the surgical department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from April 2022 to September 2022. This study included 24 cases of intussusception in patients >18 years of age. Results: 24 cases of intussusception among adult were reported. The mean age was 49.2 years on average (range 20-75 years). All patients' initial complaints in this study was pain accompanied by abdominal distension (37.5%), Vomiting (79.2%) and currant-jelly stools (33.3%) were other symptoms.12 patients (50%) had a palpable lump, while 8 patients (33.33%) had tenderness and generalized guarding was seen in 6(25%) of patients. Eleven patients (45.8%) had an acute intestinal obstruction on admission. The range of symptoms' lengths was 20 hours to 10 months, with a median of five days. The laparotomies were done in 19 patients. Five patients; two with ileoileal intussusception and three with ileocolic, were scheduled for surgery, but over the course of a few hours, their lump disappeared with symptoms improvement.