International journal of health sciences
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An empirical investigation of the relationship between the education status and adoption of reproductive health services among married women in Punjab, Pakistan
Get PDFBackground: The reproductive and sexual health of woman is a primary determinant of women’s well-being. The women’s reproductive and sexual health is largely influenced by their education status. Objective: Therefore, this study was initiated with aim to investigate the relationship between the education status and adoption of reproductive health services among married women in Punjab. Methods: Nationally representative household sample data of women aged 15-49 years from Punjab collected by PDHS in 2012-13 and 2017-18 was used in the present research. The sample was 3800 married women in PDHS 2012-13 and 10825 in PDHS 2017-18. The participants of the present study were ever married women age 15-49 years living in Punjab, Pakistan. Simple frequencies against each question were used for descriptive purpose to find out the basic patterns in the data. To estimate the net effect of education status on adoption of reproductive health services, binary logistic regression was employed. Results: The analysis provides a strong relationship between educational status of the respondent and adoption of contraceptives in 2012-13 (p<0.007) and in 2017-2018 (p<0.007). The findings figured out that women with higher education had higher adoption of reproductive health services in Punjab, Pakistan. 
Association of metabolic syndrome and lifestyle factors with lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia
Get PDFObjective: The study aimed to find out how often people with urinary problems also have metabolic syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia. It also looked at how lifestyle choices might be linked to these urinary issues. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the Shaikha Fatima Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences in Lahore from May to December 2022. It involved 150 participants, and data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0. Results: The result of study revealed that mean± SD of age and BMI was 43±14.23 and23±5.2 respectively. Most common symptom was UTI which was present in 93(62.0%) of cases followed by urinary urgency 58(38.7%), and BPH 57(38.0%). About 43(28.7%) patients with LUTS had metabolic syndrome. Significant association of metabolic syndrome was found with urinary incontinence, burning micturition, urinary urgency, UTI and BPH. The life style factors were also associated with metabolic syndrome. Significant association was found between metabolic syndrome and stressful life, alcohol consumption, consumption of vegetables and fat content in diet >2tbsp/ day, and sedentary working environment. Conclusion: The study concluded that metabolic syndrome was linked to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). 
Relation between clinical status and right ventricular changes in corona virus disease 19 patients
Get PDFBackground: Role of laboratory parameters in prediction of COVID-19 severity and correlations with cardiac assessment is not well established and needs further investigations. This study was carried out to assess relation between clinical status and right ventricular changes in corona virus disease 19 patients using 2D echocardiography. Patients and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on one hundred hospitalized COVID-19 PCR-positive patients with mild, moderate, or severe symptoms who were admitted to AL-MOKATTAM Health Insurance Hospital. Patients were subjected to detailed history taking, clinical examinations, laboratory investigations and transthoracic echocardiography. Results: In this study 100 Covid 19 patients (72 males and 28 females) with mean age of 63.13 ± 9.4 years (range: 33 – 86 years). The lab values are within normal ranges except oxygen saturation which was lower than normal values. The significant risk factors included hypertension, DM, smoking and dyslipidemia, the most prominent was dyslipidemia (50%), followed by smoking (33%), then hypertension (21%) and diabetes mellitus (15%). Relation of RV abnormality was associated with lymphocytes count, CKMB (creatinine kinase myocardial band), CRP, D-Dimer and ferritin (P: 0.005, P:0.001, P:0.000, P:0.017, P:0.015, respectively). Also, RV abnormality was associated with positive troponin (P<0.000)
Advances in imaging: Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence in radiology
Get PDFRadiology has seen significant advances in its quest to move from descriptive to diagnostic, and more recently to predictive. The long-standing reliance on traditional 2D X-rays has evolved into the application of high-powered magnets and CT scanners, which provide improved tissue contrast and 3D capabilities. These advances have led to more accurate identification of diagnostic imaging markers and increased the ability to identify biomarkers for diagnostic and predictive imaging. While these advances still fall within the realm of human interpretation, there is continued momentum to accelerate efforts that are reshaping the clinical workplace. Whether it is the need to harness the vast and largely untapped potential of artificial intelligence, the need to increase efficiency and reduce reading times, or the call to creatively improve patient care by integrating imaging and biomarker-related technologies, the community is pushing the discipline to evolve further. To help bring these necessary tools to clinical applications, collaborative efforts between clinicians, data scientists, and engineers will need to come together. The scientific community must work together to enable the clinical translation of technologies that combine diverse physical and biological imaging findings. 
Awareness and practice of nine life-saving patient safety solutions among healthcare workers
Get PDFMillions of people die or are injured each year due to unsafe patient care at a huge human cost. Healthcare workers play a pivotal role in reducing errors, enhancing safety, and ensuring high-quality patient care. There are a number of ways in which patient safety can deteriorate in healthcare. Some important factors include a lack of patient safety research, inadequate training of healthcare professionals, and lack of patient safety guidelines in hospitals. There are nine life-saving patient safety solutions that, combined, can have an immediate, significant, and measurable impact. It is critical that healthcare workers are aware of the nine life-saving patient safety solutions and adopt them into their daily practice. Patient safety is one of the most important characteristics of good care, measured by clinically effective care. It is primarily the safety of patients in hospitals but also covers the continuum of care. Can it be implemented in non-institutional care? Adopting each of these solutions will not only reduce many common medical errors such as medication and medication errors, surgical site infections, bed sores, and hospital-acquired delirium, but will also significantly meet most international quality standards
Allergies: Un updated review article of food allergy
Get PDFBackground: Food allergy (FA) is increasingly recognized as a significant global health issue, with ongoing research shedding light on its mechanisms and progression. This updated review emphasizes recent findings, particularly concerning biomarkers related to desensitization and tolerance development. Aim: The primary objective of this article is to synthesize current advancements in the understanding of FA, focusing on the role of epithelial barrier function, immune response mechanisms, and potential therapeutic strategies. Methods: This review synthesizes findings from recent studies concerning food allergy pathophysiology, specifically examining the interplay between the epithelial barrier, immune responses, and potential interventions, including emollient therapy and immunotherapy. Results: The integrity of the epithelial barrier is crucial for immune tolerance to allergens. Disruptions due to genetic mutations or environmental factors lead to increased susceptibility to FA. Current interventions, including the use of emollients and dietary modifications, have shown mixed results in preventing allergic manifestations. Additionally, new insights into immunological responses, particularly involving IgE glycosylation and T follicular helper cell dynamics, contribute to our understanding of allergy mechanisms. Conclusion: Maintaining a healthy epithelial barrier and understanding the immune system's complex interactions are vital for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies for food allergies. 
Incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury following esophagectomy in esophageal cancer patients
Get PDFObjective: To determine the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (RLNI) in patients with esophageal cancer who have undergone esophagectomy. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study that was conducted at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Hayat Medical Complex, Peshawar. Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used to select 62 patients with esophageal carcinoma. Patients with benign lesions, preoperative hoarseness of voice, or macroscopically advanced locoregional disease on preoperative evaluation were excluded. The study recorded data on age, gender, type of surgical procedure, and injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). The association of RLN injury with age, gender, and type of surgery was evaluated using the chi-square test. Results: The study participants had a mean age of 34.97 ± 9.96 years. Males accounted for 35 (56.45%) of the patients, while females accounted for 27 (43.55%). The study found that 6 (9.68%) participants had RLN injury. There was a statistically significant association between age and RLN injury (p=0.018). RLN injury was more common in the older age groups, with 5 (83.33%) cases occurring in the 41-58 years age group and 1 (16.67%) case in the 26-40 years age group. 
Workplace bullying amongst gastroenterology residents: A cross sectional study
Get PDFBackground: Bullying is defined as subjecting someone to undue mental torture by virtue of being at a superior position. Unfortunately, the prevalence of bullying in Pakistan is quite high and gastroenterology residents are not an exception. Objective: To identify bullying behaviors experienced by post graduate residents of gastroenterology in clinical environment and the strategies used for coping with them. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at Public and private tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. The study was completed in 6 months after the approval of research proposal. A total of 132 post graduate residents of gastroenterology were included in the study after proper scrutiny. The pros and corns of the study were explained to all the participants in detail and they were given a choice to voluntarily withdraw from the study if they wish to do so. Two validated questionnaires were used namely brief cope inventory and negative acts questionnaire. The data was analyzed by using SPSS latest version. Frequencies and percentages were used for categorical data and p value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant
Combination method imagination guidance listening to music through audio with art therapy in reduce adolescent anxiety with thalasemia major
Get PDFIntroduction: Thalasemia mayor is a congenital disorder characterized by a lock of production of hemoglobin chain, thus requiring blood transfusion for the rest of his life, where side effect will be changes in the state of the body with facial cooley, enlargement of the liver so that the abdomen looks distended, growth that does not match its age. These changes occur in adolescent who will experience fear of death and anxiety about the future. The research objective was to determine the effect of a combination of listening to audio music therapy with art therapy on adolescent anxiety. The method is the pre test and post test control group design approach. The number of respondents was 28 in the control grou[ and in the intervention group. The results of statistical tests in the pre and post control groups had no effect (p=0.13) and in the intervension group there was a significant effect with a value of p=0.00. it can be concluded that there is an effect of giving a combination method of listening to music through audio with art therapy on the anxiety of adolescent withthalsemia mayor. 
Use of low-cost bubble continuous positive airway pressure in neonates with respiratory distress at a tertiary care hospital Quetta
Get PDFIntroduction: Respiratory distress is a prevalent and serious consequence of neonatal sepsis, premature birth and neonatal pneumonia which is responsible for more than half of all neonatal fatalities worldwide. Objective: To assess the use of low-cost bubble continuous positive airway pressure in neonates with respiratory distress at a tertiary care hospital Quetta. Methodology: The current study was cross sectional study carried out at the pediatrics department, Sandeman Provencial Hospital Quetta from 16th May 2017 to 16th Nov 2017. All in patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria in the Department of pediatrics, Sandeman Provinvical Hospital Quetta were included in the study. After taking informed written consent, bubble continuous positive airway pressure was used in all the included patients to assess the outcome variable i.e survival. All the collected information was entered in the prescribed Performa. Results: In the current study, totally, 138 patients with respiratory distress were included. 84 patients (60.9%) were males & 54 (39.1%) were females, with the mean age of 6.98+2.78 years. The mean gestational age of mother was 38.5±1.26 weeks, the mean duration of achieving 21% O2 was 81.60 (±0.81) hours, mean stay in hospital was 22.07 (±1.7) days. In our study 95 neonates (68.8%) survived.