International journal of health sciences
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Restless leg syndrome in patients on hemodialysis
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a prevalent neurological disease that is frequently misdiagnosed due to comparable signs and symptoms to other disorders such as diabetes, migraine, and cardiovascular disease. RLS may deteriorate with age, and it is more frequent in women than in males. The incidence of RLS varies from 6.6% to 80% in the general population. The present study aimed to assess the RLS in patients on hemodialysis. Patients and Methods: A questionnaire based study was conducted on 116 consecutive hemodialysis patients in the Department of Neurology and Nephrology of Institute of Kidney Diseases Hayatabad, Peshawar and PAF Hospital, Islamabad for the Duration from June 2022 to December 2022. Patients’ history included a history of drug, predialysis duration, and hemodialysis duration. Data was obtained using a standardized questionnaire that includes demographic variables such as personal history, family history, disease history, and smoking history. 
Epidemiological studies of COVID-19 disease: A story of SARS CoV-2 infection from origin to hospital
Get PDFThe Chinese population having epidemiological link with wholesale market of seafood develop respiratory illness with pneumonia like clinical presentations in Hubei Province, Wuhan City, recently in December 2019. Laboratory results revealed a novel coronavirus that was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) and disease it caused given name of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 turn out to be third outbreak of human pathogenic coronaviruses and first pandemic of 21st century. The previous coronaviruses proved merely as a tip of iceberg after emergence of recently identified SARS-CoV-2 with potential of pandemic status that significantly revealed the concealed capabilities of virulence and contagiousness of betacoronaviruses group. The aim of this review is to discuss the origin of COVID-19, transmission patterns, susceptible hosts, factors that increase disease severity, nucleic acid base diagnosis, mortality and morbidity rates and therapeutic option against COVID-19. The diagnostic methods like microarray and RNA-targeting CRISPR were adopted recently for COVID-19 diagnosis after advancing them further for rapid and accurate detection of COVID-19 and high throughput
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus percutaneous catheter drainage for acute cholecystitis in high risk patients
Get PDFAim: To assess which treatment modality, Patients with AC who are at a high risk should have a cholecystectomy performed using or percutaneous catheter drainage. Methodology: Sixty people were included in this study because they got diagnosed with acute calculous cholecystitis. Both the procedure of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and percutaneous catheter drainage were offered to them at random. Results: In terms of the need for further surgery, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups as there were 2 (6.7%) who needed re-intervention in laparoscopic cholecystectomy group and 14 (46.7%) in percutaneous catheter drainage group (p=0.001*), recurrent biliary disease as there were 2 (6.7%) in laparoscopic cholecystectomy group and 17 (56.7%) in percutaneous catheter drainage group (p<0.001*) and total length of hospital stay as the mean of laparoscopic cholecystectomy group was 4.9 (±2.77 SD) while in percutaneous catheter drainage group was 10.67 (±6.62 SD).Conclusion: Cholecystectomy with laparoscopic is favored over percutaneous drainage for high-risk individuals with acute cholecystitis. When compared to percutaneous catheter drainage, laparoscopic cholecystectomy decreased significant complications but did not affect fatality rates
Prevalence of unsafe ear in patients presenting with chronic ear discharge: A prospective observational study
Get PDFObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of atticoantral/unsafe chronic suppurative otitis media in patients with chronic ear discharge. Materials and Methods: This Cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex and Department of ENT, Naseerullah Khan Babar memorial Hospital, Peshawar from August 2018 to February 2019. In this study 199 patients were enrolled with consecutive sampling. Detailed demographic data like history and physical examination were taken from patients. All patients were subjected to detailed otoscopic examination and pure tone audiometery by a consultant. A detailed performa was designed in which all information of the patients like name, age, gender, duration of symptoms and CSOM were recorded by SPSS analysis. Results: With a standard deviation of ± 10.334, the average age of participants in this study was 29 years. There were more males than women among the patients present, with 60% of them being men. Twelve percent of patients with chronic discharge developed CSOM, compared to 90% of those who didn't have the condition at all. Conclusion: Our study shows that individuals who come with persistent ear drainage frequently have hazardous ears. 
Electroanalysis of nickel ions released in artificial saliva from three orthodontic arch wires: Stainless Steel (SS), NiTi, and CuNiTi
Get PDFBackground: Nickel titanium wires are superior for first alignment because they have exceptional shape memory and super-elasticity. Increased concerns have been raised about the high rate of nickel (Ni) allergy and the growing usage of dental biomaterials that contain Ni. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze and evaluate the rate of nickel release from different types of orthodontic arch wires. Materials and methods: A set of arch wires of nickel titanium (NiTi), SS and Cu-NiTi were immersed in artificial saliva for three days and analyzed after three days. The amount of Ni ions released from the sample were evaluated using electrochemical techniques such as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization (Tafel) plot. Results: The EIS and Tafel graph confirmed the s-NiTi, s-CuNiTi showed an excellent corrosion resistance than the s-SS. From all the above measurements, we can conclude that the saliva can affect the corrosion resistance property of the SS, NiTi, CuNiTi day by day. Conclusion: From this study it was concluded that the saliva can affect the corrosion resistance property of the SS, NiTi, CuNiTi day by day, and there was nickel ion release but at a very negligible rate
An anthropometric study of stature among the Nath Girls of Kamrup District, Assam
Get PDFThe study of physical growth in different human populations is one of the central themes in biological anthropology. One of the main objectives of the physical growth studies is to understand the process of human evolution and variation. In this present paper an attempt has been made to understand the growth of stature among the Nath girls of three Nath inhabited villages of Kamrup district, Assam. The name of the studied villages is Changsari, Dalang and Saraighat. This study consists of the measurements of 380 Nath girls from 4 years to 18 years. The present study is a cross-sectional and the measurements were collected as prescribed by the Martin. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the adolescent growth spurt, percentage of growth per annum and growth gradient. An attempt has also made to compare the present study with the Indian rural girls (ICMR, 1989) and National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) data
Exploring perceptions of regulators regarding factors affecting quality of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals: A qualitative study from Pakistan
Get PDFInadequate rules and regulations regarding manufacturing and quality assurance of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals are a threat towards safety, quality and efficacy of such products. The aim of the study was to explore the perception of regulatory stakeholders regarding current status, challenges, barriers and solutions for assuring rational use, quality, safety and efficacy of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals in Pakistan. A qualitative study design was used. Perceptions of stakeholders were explored using semi structured interview guide by using snowball sampling technique. After data collection, recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim. Transcribed interviews were then subjected to thematic analysis and were analysed for relevant contents. The result of the study highlighted that regulatory guideline for nutraceuticals were available and being followed. Although the policies were available, but strict implementation of policies is required. The results of the present study concluded that nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals are of great focus and concern for all the regulatory stakeholders. Despite of the challenges and barriers faced by regulators , they had constructive and practical ideas about how to embrace the current nutraceutical and cosmeceutical landscape that facilitates the appropriate and safe use of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals in Pakistan.
 
Assessment of the efficacy and long-term outcomes of minimally invasive techniques in dental restoration
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and long-term effects of minimally invasive dental repair procedures. Using SPSS, 400 patient records from a supplementary dataset were examined. Examined were the patient satisfaction levels, success rates, durability of the restoration, kind of restoration, material used, and complications. The findings showed that Dental Crowns and Composite Fillings were the two restoration kinds that were most frequently used, with Composite Resin being the favored substance. An important portion of cases had complications, like dental caries and fractures. However, the majority of restorations were effective and left patients with high levels of satisfaction. The statistical studies, which included chi-square tests and ANOVA using SPSS version 2021, revealed no significant correlation between the kind of restoration and problems as well as no significant variation in the longevity of the restorations among the various restoration techniques. These results imply that the selection of a minimally invasive procedure might not have a substantial impact on restoration results. When planning dental restorations, it's crucial to take the preferences and circumstances specific to each patient into account. To validate these results, additional research using bigger sample sizes and detailed databases is advised
Ocular lateral deviation as a vestibular sign to improve detection of posterior circulation stroke
Get PDFPosterior circulation is affected by approximately twenty-five percent of all strokes, & many studied cases visit emergency rooms diagnosis is frequently difficult because studied cases frequently appear with variety of symptoms and frequently minimal clinical indicators. Chronic nystagmus, nausea, vomiting, head motion intolerance, & poor balance are all symptoms of acute vestibular syndrome, which is prevalent condition with significant number of cerebrovascular causes. Studied cases with A ICA strokes have positive head impulse test, although nystagmus frequently reverses direction, & big amplitude skew have been useful on central localization. If HINTS has been peripheral, possibility of posterior circulation stroke has been unlikely. Therefore, it is necessary to look at any single triad component that points to central HINT. Peripheral HINTS avoid needless medical resource waste by not requiring emergency MRI or angiography tests
Using the poly-lactic acid as a fuel additive to enhance the physicochemical properties of aircraft jet fuel grade A1
Get PDFThe combustion quality and energy content of Jet fuel are important to fuel characteristics. There are some essential performance characteristics include density, flash point, freezing point, kinematic viscosity at -20o C, smoke point, and distillation temperatures should be detected and controlled. In this study, an experimental investigation was performed in order to determine the effects of polylactic acid, tetrahydrofuran, and Jet A1 fuel blends on the physical and chemical properties of blends. For this purpose, the fuel blends studied were analyzed using Miniscan IR which is a high speed for the comprehensive and automatic measurement of Jet fuels. From our results, it was found that the maximum flash point enhancement was obtained by S3 (95%Jet A1/5%THF/250ppmPLA) (42.3oC) while it was (38oC) for the blank Jet fuel A1. On the other hand, the decreasing of freezing point was achieved by S6 (95%Jet A1/5%THF/2500ppmPLA) (-65.4oC), while it was (-62.6oC) for the blank Jet fuel. The maximum net heat of combustion value was obtained by S2 (95%Jet A1/5%THF) (56.44 MJ/kg), while it was (55.62 MJ/kg) for the blank sample. Also, the density slightly increased for all Jet blended samples. The net heat of combustion values were enhancement, compared with blank Jet fuel A1