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Integrating laboratory findings into pharmacological pain management and nursing care plans
Get PDFBackground: Effective pain management remains a cornerstone of modern healthcare, encompassing both pharmacological interventions and nursing care strategies. Advances in laboratory diagnostics have revolutionized personalized medicine, offering critical insights into patient-specific factors such as genetic predispositions, metabolic profiles, and biomarkers. These findings provide an evidence-based foundation for tailoring pharmacological pain management and nursing care plans, ensuring precision and effectiveness. Despite these advancements, integrating laboratory findings into routine clinical practice remains underexplored, particularly in the context of pain management. Aim: This paper aims to examine the integration of laboratory findings into pharmacological pain management and nursing care plans. It explores how diagnostic innovations enhance medication selection, predict therapeutic outcomes, and inform holistic nursing interventions, with the ultimate goal of improving patient outcomes in pain management. Methods: A systematic review of recent literature from 2019–2020 was conducted, encompassing clinical studies, meta-analyses, and case reports. The review focuses on the role of laboratory diagnostics, including biomarkers, pharmacogenomics, and real-time monitoring, in shaping pain management strategies. Results: Laboratory findings significantly enhance the precision of pharmacological pain management by informing drug selection, optimizing dosages, and minimizing adverse effects. Similarly, these findings empower nursing professionals to develop individualized care plans, improve symptom management,,,
Outcome in terms of improvement in segmental kyphosis in patients with thoraco-lumber spinal tuberculosis medicated with combination of radical debridement, cage fixation and grafting of bones
Get PDFIntroduction: One of the familiar Pulmonary tuberculosis includes TB spine especially in developing countries [1].Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis approximately involves 14% of patients, with 1% to 8 % having osseous diseases of which 30% to 50% have spinal involvement. The results of this study will direct policy makers of health management system to conceive significant involvement at clinical as well as community level. Objective: To determine the outcome in terms of improvement in segmental kyphosis in patients with thoraco-lumber spine TB medicated with combination of debridement (radical), cage fixation and grafting bones. Material and Methods: 73 patients were taken as total sample. Researchers had taken detailed history of patients and then clinically examined. All patients in whom clinical suspicion of spinal tuberculosis found was subjected to spinal cord and vertebral imaging, CT scan X-rays as well as MRI spine. Radiographs were reported by consultant radiologist. Results: 48 years was mean age of patients. Among them 65% patients were male and female patients were 35%. Furthermore segmental kyphosis has been improved in 93%victims and has not been improved in 7% victims with thoraco-lumber spinal TB spine managed with combination of cage fixation, radical debridement and grafting of bones. 
Predicting mortality in children with confirmed or suspected COVID-19: A multivariate analysis
Get PDFIntroduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading quickly and killing people across the board, including infants. The risk variables that indicate infant death are still uncertain, though. Examining risk signs for babies with COVID-19 was the aim of this study. Methods: Secondary data analysis was performed using provincial COVID-19 data from September 2021 to December 2022. For this study, 1000 children under the age of 18 were selected. In order to investigate the factors that led to fatalities in children diagnosed with COVID-19, chi-square analysis and binary logistic regression were utilized. Results: According to this research, the frequency of infants dying from COVID-19 was 6.7%. Age, case classification, therapy state, disease intensity, and trip experience all significantly correlated with toddlers infected with the COVID-19 virus’s mortality rate. Age affects the likelihood of succumbing from COVID-19 (Adjusted odd ratio (AOR) =0.92; CI 95%=0.93-0.98). In addition, using ventilators while in the ICU (AOR=22.45; 95% CI=5.86-86.33), serious sickness (AOR=46.23; 95% CI=21.33-100.63), and travel history (AOR=1.87; 95% CI=1.92-2.83) were all clearly linked to a greater chance of mortality in kids with the COVID-19. Conclusion: The greatest predictor of mortality was childhood illness that was serious. 
Dynamic condylar screw functional outcome in the treatment of unstable proximal femoral fractures in adult patients
Get PDFObjective: The purpose of this study was to assess the functional outcome of dynamic condylar screw (DCS) fixation in the treatment of unstable proximal femoral fractures in adults. Study Place and Duration: This descriptive study was done from March 2021 to November 2022 at MTI Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Methods: A descriptive study, employing dynamic condylar screws to treat proximal femur fractures in all adult patients who met the inclusion criteria, was utilized in this in-depth examination (DCS). The Harris Hip Score was used to determine post-surgery mobility. Results: The average age of patients was 63 having standard deviation of 14. Fracture union took 14.3 +/- 3.8 weeks on the average. At 24 months, the typical HHS was 85.2 +/-12.3, and 78.1% of patients reported adequate or outstanding functional performance. Nonunion, malunion, or hardware failure occurred in 13.3% of patients. Complications were unaffected by age, gender, or fracture type. Conclusion: Dynamic condylar screw therapy has demonstrated promising functional and radiological benefits with few adverse effects in people with unstable proximal femoral fractures. DCS fixation, an efficient treatment for such fractures, is one of the best treatment for such fractures
Combined oral contraceptives and their impact on lipids, blood pressure, and body mass index in pregnant women
Get PDFObjective: To determine how combination oral contraceptive pills (COCPs) affect women of reproductive age's lipid profiles, blood pressure, and body mass index. Methodology: This cross-sectional study looked at the family planning programmes at the tertiary referral hospitals in Peshawar. We looked at married, childbearing women (aged 14 to 49). Group 1 (those who had used COCPs for at least six months) and Group 2 (controls of a comparable age who had not used COCPs) were created. Fasting blood TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C levels were assessed using a chemical analyser. Hb and platelet levels were assessed by a haematology analyst. Everyone had their BMI and blood pressure measured. The parameters of the oral and control groups were compared using SPSS. Results: The average BMI of Group 1 (Oral COCP) was 28.12 kg/m2 (+/- 0.50 SEM), while the average BMI of Group 2 (Control) was 26.25 kg/m2 (+/- 0.43 SEM). The mean BMIs of the two groups were very different (p-value: 0.0003). Women in Group 1 who took combined oral contraceptives had a much higher BMI than women in Group 2 who did not. BMI is used to measure health. It is based on height and weight. 
A retrospective study on the relationship between alveolar-bone morphology at the mandibular incisors and their inclination in adults with low-angle, skeletal class III malocclusion
Get PDFBackground and Aim: The orthodontic tooth movements should be such that the tooth moves safely within the alveolar bone. The alveolar bone around the mandibular central incisors of patients with skeletal class I and II malocclusion is thicker in comparison to those with skeletal class III malocclusion. The present study aimed to investigate an association between low angle inclination skeletal class-III malocclusion and the alveolar bone morphology around it. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 75 malocclusion patients in the Orthodontics Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital of Islamabad, Pakistan from January 2020 to December 2022. The malocclusions were confirmed in the patients via cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. The low angle, skeletal class III malocclusions were categorized into three different groups: Group-I (lingual-inclination), Group-II (upright), and Group-III (labial-inclination). Outcomes such as height of alveolar bone and area of cortical as well as cancellous thickness were determined independently on each side. Results: The labial cancellous bone thickness, thickness of labial cortical bone, alveolar bone total thickness, labial alveolar bone total area, and labial alveolar bone height were highest in group-III (labial-inclination). There was a positive correlation between mandibular central incisors and other aforementioned variables
Variations in pediatric dental coverage and visits following the implementation of healthcare policies in Pakistan
Get PDFBackground: In Pakistan, healthcare policies have been implemented to improve children's oral health, including the provision of dental services at primary healthcare centers, the inclusion of dental care services in health insurance schemes, and the promotion of oral health education among the public. However, it is unclear whether these policies have resulted in uniform changes in pediatric dental coverage and visits across different regions and socioeconomic groups. Objective: This study aimed to investigate variations in pediatric dental coverage and visits following the implementation of healthcare policies in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used, with a sample size of 200 children aged 0-18 years. Data on pediatric dental coverage and visits were collected through structured interviews with the children and their parents or guardians. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to identify any significant variations in the pediatric dental coverage and visits across different regions and socioeconomic groups. Results: The study found that there were significant variations in pediatric dental coverage and visits across different regions and socioeconomic groups. 
Prevalence and factors influencing smoking among medical students
Get PDFBackground: Smoking creates a severe threat to the public's health that has been expanded worldwide, and it is considered a significant cause of illness and mortality. Objectives: The study’s objectives are to identify the prevalence and determine the factors that motivate young adults to smoke and perceive their feelings after smoking. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in Sudan during the year 2022 among 243 medical students registered in five educational levels and was chosen based on the criteria. Data was collected via an online questionnaire, analyzed by the SPSS program, and presented in tables and graphs. Results: The study enrolled 243 participants; 66.70% were male and 33.30% female; the male-to-female ratio was 2:1, as 63.0% in the age group of 27-35 and 37 were between 18 and 26 years. The prevalence of smoking was 18.10% and was found to have a strong relationship with males, while 47.30% were exposed to passive smoking. About 72.7% of smokers stated that they would have been smoking for less than 10 years, 68.18% smoked less than 10 cigarettes daily. 
A cross-sectional study on the etiological causes of cervical lesions among patients without caries in Lahore, Pakistan
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are defined as any deterioration of the tooth tissue in terms of abrasion, composition, and erosion during normal and/or pathological function. The present study aimed to assess different etiological causes of cervical lesions among patients without caries in the population of Lahore, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on 62 patients aged 16-60 years in the Department of Dentistry of a Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan from July 2022 to December 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups: Group-I (Non-carious dental lesions patients) and Group-II (without non-carious dental lesions patients). All the patients underwent clinical examinations and answered a questionnaire which included inquiries related to oral hygiene, personal impressions, eating habits, teeth appearance and functionality, and it also emphasized on the different etiologies of non-carious dental lesions.Results: Out of the total 62 patients, the study and the control groups consisted of 38 (61.3%) and 24 (38.7%) patients respectively. Age-wise distribution of the patients was as follows: 19 (30.6%) in 16-30 years, 12 (19.4%) in 31-45 years, and 31 (50%) in 46-60 years. 
Gastric varices amongst patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A single centre cross sectional study
Get PDFBackground: The term "upper gastrointestinal bleeding" refers to bleeding from the gastrointestinal system that occurs above the Treitz ligament. It is one of the gastroenterological problems that is seen most often in clinical settings by gastroenterologists. Objective: To assess the frequency of gastric Varices amongst patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Methodology: Our study was descriptive-cross sectional study, carried out at the Gastroenterology Department…….hospital Peshawar for duration of six months from August 2022 to January 2023. A careful upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy was carried out. Endoscopic findings of gastric varices in patients were recorded on a designed proforma for our research. All the documented data was analyzed by using 23. Results: In our current study a total of 120 patients were included. The male were 67 (55.83%) whereas female patients were 53 (44.17%). The mean age (SD) was 36 (9.11) years. The overall frequency of gastric varices amongst patients with gastrointestinal bleeding was 24 (20%). Conclusion: Our study concludes that frequency of gastric varices amongst patients with upper-gastrointestinal bleeding is very high. Multiple centre studies with large sample size should be conducted to get better results