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Study of prevalence of acute leukemia
Get PDFIntroduction: Cancer of the body's blood-forming tissues, such as the lymphatic system and bone marrow, is known as leukaemia.There are various forms of leukaemia.Some leukemia types are more prevalent in children. Most cases of other types of leukemia are in adults. Usually, leukemia affects white blood cells. Although there is no known cause of acute leukemia, certain persons are at higher risk due to factors including radiation exposure. Exposure to particular chemical substances, such benzene. Viruses such as the virus that causes human T-cell leukemia. Method: This research was done via observation.82 leukemia cases that were discovered in the pathology division of the Netaji Subash Chandra Medical College in Jabalpur make up the sample size for the current prospective study. In the present study the cases were in the range of 1-70 years Clinically questionable cases were sent to the Department of Pathology, where a complete blood counts was performed using an automated hematology analyzer and a peripheral leishman stain smear investigation. Patients who have received treatment for a prior diagnosis are excluded in this study
Frequency of giardia lamblia infection in children presented with acute diarrhea to tertiary care hospital
Get PDFBackground: Giardia lamblia was the most common parasite-caused gastrointestinal ailment in the United States by the late 1980s, and it is now a significant global public health issue. Giardiasis is an infectious condition that may have both short-term and long-term effects. Objective: To assess the frequency of giardia lamblia infection in children presented with acute diarrhea to tertiary care hospital. Methodology: The current Descriptive Cross Sectional study was carried out at the Department of Paediatrics, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 21 July, 2019 to 22 January, 2020. The overall Sample Size in the current study was 114. After performing the stool concentration technique using the formol-ether concentration method, trophozoites and cysts of Giardia lamblia were detected using direct microscopy of the smear in saline (0.90% w/v NaCl solution) and Lugols iodine. Data was entered in SPSS version 23.0. Results: In the current study, totally 114 patients were enrolled. Mean and SDs for age was 4.13+1.566. Mean and SDs for weight was 13.21+2.598. Mean and SDs for BMI was 24.93+0.890. Mean and SDs for duration of disease was 7.02+1.540. 43 (37.7%) patients were females and 71 (62.3%) patients were males. 
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies among COVID-19 patients in province of Punjab, Pakistan
Get PDFAt the end of 2019, there was an outbreak of coronavirus in Wuhan, China which killed more than 1800 people and more than 70,000 people were infected during the first 5 days. Chinese researchers named it as a novel coronavirus disease 2019. Up to now, 231 million cases and more than 4 million deaths have been reported worldwide. The total number of cases of COVID cases in Pakistan was 1,236,888 so far and the total death toll was 27,500 and is increasing rapidly. OmniPATHTM COVID-19 Total Antibody ELISA Test kit was used for serological analysis. We found that the highest number of patients with positive antibody test was Lahore with 48%. (n=442). Total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was found to be higher in men (43%) compared to women (41%). 13% of the children were found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG. In age wise distribution, patients in age group 41-50 year were recorded highest seroprevalance. We took the mean of antibody titer according to different age groups and we found the highest mean of antibody titer which was 171 in age group (21-30).
 
Assessment of staff of radiology department annual effective doses during bone scans
Get PDFBackground: The most frequent imaging techniques used by NM departments are skeletal scintigraphy and bone scans. To assess the protective measures and the anticipated radiation hazards, it is crucial to evaluate the patient's doses for the NMC staff. Objectives: Current research intended to evaluate the annual effective doses of radiology department’s staff during bone scans and their health hazards due to radiation. Methods: The study was executed at Nuclear Medical Center, in October 2022 and annual effective dose of radiologists were measured implying the two techniques including 99mTc-MDP TLDs, carrying two dose quantities of Hp (10) and Hp (0.07) and GR-200A TLDs (LiF: Mg, Cu, P). Results: Effective dose of operators was evaluated using 99mTc-MDP TLDs, was found that the mean personal equivalent dosimetry of HP 10 was 0.43 (0.12-0.74) and HP 0.07 was 0.52 (0.11-0.76). Relative strength of residual signal for successive readouts of LiF: Mg, Cu, P chips made had mean GR-200A and Ref. 10 of 0.54+0.23 and 3.10+1.12, respectively. Conclusion: The radiographers in all of the X-ray facilities were well aware of radiation safety and the staff's occupational dosages of HP(0.07) and HP (10) were within the recommended limits. 
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogens in urinary tract infections (UTI) patients of Punjab, Pakistan
Get PDFThe prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors of urinary tract infections among Punjabi patients attending Tertiary Care Hospitals of Punjab were the objectives of this study. Participants were selected by systematic random sampling in a cross-sectional study at Tertiary Care Hospitals of Punjab. 988 participants provided clean catch midstream urine samples, which were then cultured and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. We inoculated n=988 urine samples in which 255 samples were found positive for bacterial growth. Among them 126 were E. coli, 66 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 4 Enterobacter cloacae, and 21 were Pseudomonas spp. The frequency of Uropathogens was observed for Gram negative E. coli 49.02% and Gram positive bacteria were 7.78%. The prevalence of urinary tract infections was 16.4%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19, 7.3%), Pseudomonas spp. (2, 0.7%), Enterobacter cloacae (4, 1.5%), and Gram positive bacteria such as Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (3, 1.1%), Methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus (15, 5.8%), and Enterococcus faecalis (20, 7.7%) were the most common bacteria. Ampicillin and tetracycline were both resistant to Gram-negative bacilli (96%) and Gram-positive cocci (72%), respectively. In the study area, a culture and susceptibility test is essential for effective urinary tract infection management
Perceived emotional intelligence, grit and suicidal ideation in Pakistani cancer patients
Get PDFThis research sought to examine the association between perceived emotional intelligence (EI), grit, and suicide ideation among cancer patients in Pakistan. In Lahore, Pakistan, 110 cancer patients were recruited from two hospitals. Perceived Emotional Intelligence Scale, Grit Scale, and Suicidal Ideation Scale were completed by the individuals. There was a significant negative association between perceived emotional intelligence and suicidal ideation (r = -0.24, p<.05) and also a significant negative correlation between grit and suicidal ideation (r = -0.28, p<.05). In addition, perceived EI regulated the association between grit and suicidal ideation, such that high levels of EI diminished the positive relationship between grit and suicidal ideation. This research illustrates the relevance of emotional intelligence and grit for the mental health of Pakistani cancer patients and proposes that therapies focused at enhancing emotional intelligence and grit may help to minimize suicidal thoughts in this group. Findings show that therapies focusing on EI and grit may be useful in lowering suicidal ideation in this group. To lessen suicide thoughts among cancer patients in Pakistan, future research should concentrate on designing therapies that target EI and grit
COVID-19 impact on hematological and biochemical parameters on outcomes of admitted patients
Get PDFCOVID-19 an ongoing pandemic has high transmission and mortality rate gets the attention of researchers to focus on the disease. The burden of disease on the health care system focuses on the COVID-19 impacts on the hematological and biochemical parameters. This study aimed to focus on the laboratory indicators that fluctuate in COVID-19. The single-center cross-sectional study in the pathology department of POF hospital Wah Cantt from August 2021 to December 2021. Three hundred positive COVID-19 patients were included in the study. About 138 (46%) were males and 162 (54%) females and the mean age was 58 ± 15.06 (range 5 – 86). The biochemical indicator raised in COVID-19 included CPK (191.25 ± 507.39), CRP (68.81 ± 70.95), LDH (429.48 ± 246.96), and ALT (46.50 ± 43.23). In hematological parameters, only neutrophils elevated (70.00 ± 13.52) lymphocytes decreased. Laboratory parameters measured were similar values in recovered and death cases. The findings suggest the raised level of CRP, LDH, CPK, ALT, ferritin, D-Dimer, and neutrophils predict early diagnosis and prompt treatment
Perinatal care: Integrative healthcare services: A comprehensive review
Get PDFBackground: Healthcare (HC) deliberations are under huge pressure during the perinatal period. Like other healthcare sub-sectors, maternal HC delivery has encountered substantial moderations over the years, similar to the commutive streak that swept across the healthcare field over twenty-five years. Aim: Our literature aims to examine scientific research on commutive professional care (PC) to inform procedural decisions. Results: By evaluating the effectiveness of various clinical practices and intervention programs, researchers interested in integrated perinatal care have focused primarily on continuity of care and clinical and professional integration
Melanoma: Risk factors, early detection, and treatment strategies-An updated review
Get PDFBackground: Melanoma is a significant and aggressive form of skin cancer originating from melanocytes. The rising incidence of melanoma, particularly among younger populations, underscores the need for increased awareness and early detection. Aim: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the risk factors, early detection methods, and treatment strategies for melanoma, emphasizing recent advancements in the field. Methods: The review synthesizes current literature regarding melanoma's epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic approaches. Emphasis is placed on advancements in immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and emerging nanotechnology-based strategies. Results: The global incidence of melanoma is increasing, with environmental factors such as UV radiation being the primary modifiable risk factor. Innovative treatment options, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and small-molecule kinase inhibitors, have shown promising results, although challenges such as drug resistance and adverse side effects remain. Recent clinical trials indicate that combination therapies may enhance treatment efficacy. Nanotechnology has emerged as a valuable tool for improving drug delivery and targeting tumor sites effectively. Conclusion: Melanoma poses a serious public health challenge due to its aggressive nature and rising incidence. Early detection through routine skin examinations and awareness of risk factors is crucial for improving outcomes. 
Advancements in nanomedicine: Targeted drug delivery systems for cancer treatment
Get PDFBackground: Nanomedicine has emerged as a revolutionary approach in cancer treatment, enabling targeted drug delivery that enhances therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity. The rapid advancement in nanotechnology has led to the development of sophisticated drug delivery systems that optimize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. Aim: This article aims to review the progress in nanomedicine, focusing on targeted drug delivery systems developed for cancer treatment, highlighting their mechanisms, types, and clinically approved formulations. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to collate data on the history, mechanisms of action, types of nanomedicines, and their clinical applications in cancer therapy. Key databases were searched for relevant studies, clinical trials, and regulatory approvals of nanomedicines. Results: The review reveals a significant evolution in the field of nanomedicine since its inception, with various nanocarriers, including liposomes, dendrimers, and polymeric nanoparticles, being developed to enhance drug solubility and improve therapeutic targeting. Clinically approved formulations such as Doxil® and Abraxane® exemplify the successful integration of nanotechnology into oncology, demonstrating improved patient outcomes and reduced side effects. Conclusion: Advancements in nanomedicine have paved the way for innovative cancer therapies that leverage targeted drug delivery systems to improve treatment efficacy and safety.