International journal of health sciences
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Optimization of serum formula active fraction of moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera Lambk) as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the optimum formula for the serum active fraction of Moringa leaves with a combination of carbopol, NaCMC and propylene glycol as antibacterial. Material and methods the fractionation of the extract were tested on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria using the diffusion method. The ethyl acetate fraction which has antibacterial activity at a concentration of 15% was made into serum preparations with a combination of carbopol, NaCMC and propyleneglycol. Making serum formulas using the simplex lattice design method resulted in 14 serum formulas. Testing of the physical quality of the preparations carried out included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, viscosity, spreadability, and antibacterial activity. The results of the study on the ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa leaves with a concentration of 15% had antibacterial activity against S. aureus with an inhibition zone of 14.36 ± 1.1 mm. The TLC test the chemical compounds contained in the ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa leaves were flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The optimum combination proportions for serum preparations obtained variation values, namely carbopol 0.67% and NaCMC 3% and propylengliol 5.32%
Investigating the impact of integrated care models involving pharmacists, nurses, and laboratories on healthcare quality and efficiency
Get PDFBackground: The inclusion of healthcare professionals, such as pharmacists, nurses, and labs, in patient care has received more attention recently since it has the potential to enhance the quality and effectiveness of healthcare. Nonetheless, it is important to conduct a thorough examination of the current research in order to ascertain the effects of integrated care models that include these professions. Aim: This study seeks to examine the effects of integrated care models that include pharmacists, nurses, and labs on the quality and efficiency of healthcare. More precisely, the evaluation aims to combine current research about patient outcomes, cost reductions, and healthcare use in these models. Furthermore, the study seeks to analyze the distinct responsibilities and contributions of pharmacists, nurses, and labs in the context of integrated care. Method: A methodical search technique was used to locate relevant studies in electronic databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria were centered on studies that documented the effects of integrated care models, which included the involvement of pharmacists, nurses, and labs, on the quality and efficiency of healthcare. Both quantitative and qualitative research were taken into account for inclusion
Evaluating the role of next-generation sequencing and radiological techniques in rare disease diagnosis: Challenges and opportunities
Get PDFAim: This article evaluates the utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and radiological techniques in the diagnosis of rare diseases, emphasizing the challenges and opportunities presented by these technologies. Methods: A comprehensive review of existing literature on NGS technologies, including first, second, and third-generation sequencing methods, as well as their applications in genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics, was conducted alongside radiological imaging techniques such as MRI and CT scans. Results: NGS has revolutionized rare disease diagnosis by enabling high-throughput, cost-effective sequencing, facilitating the identification of pathogenic mutations, and advancing personalized medicine. Radiological techniques provide complementary insights into anatomical abnormalities and disease progression. Despite significant advantages, challenges such as data interpretation, cost, and ethical considerations persist. Conclusion: NGS and radiological imaging offer transformative potential in rare disease diagnosis, enhancing our understanding of genetic and anatomical aspects of disorders and enabling targeted therapeutic approaches. Continued technological advancements and integrative analyses with other omics data and imaging findings will further enhance their diagnostic utility
The role of nanotechnology in restorative dentistry: A review of current applications
Get PDFBackground: Restorative dentistry has evolved significantly from the use of traditional materials such as amalgam to more advanced options like dental composite resins. Nanotechnology, which involves manipulating materials at the atomic or molecular scale, has introduced a new dimension to dental materials, offering improvements in mechanical properties, aesthetics, and functionality. Aim: This review aims to explore the current applications of nanotechnology in restorative dentistry, focusing on how nanomaterials enhance dental treatments and restorations. Methods: A comprehensive review of recent studies and advancements in nanomaterials applied to dental composite resins, adhesives, cements, and whitening agents was conducted. Key areas of investigation included the impact of nanomaterials on mechanical strength, wear resistance, antibacterial properties, and aesthetic outcomes. Results: Nanomaterials such as nanoparticles of silica, zirconia, titanium dioxide, silver, and zinc oxide have been integrated into dental materials to improve their performance. Nanocomposites demonstrate enhanced mechanical strength and durability, while nano-enhanced adhesives offer better bonding and self-healing capabilities. Antibacterial properties have been significantly improved with silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles, which help in preventing secondary caries and oral infections. Nanomaterials have also advanced dental cements and whitening agents, offering better fluoride release, controlled whitening effects, and improved imaging techniques
Recent innovations in oral drug delivery systems: Examining current challenges and future opportunities for enhanced therapeutic efficacy
Get PDFIntroduction: Oral drug delivery remains a cornerstone of therapeutic administration due to its ease of use and broad patient acceptance. However, delivering drugs orally poses significant challenges due to the complex and hostile environment of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including anatomical, biochemical, and physiological barriers. Aim: This article aims to explore recent innovations in oral drug delivery systems, focusing on addressing current challenges and identifying future opportunities for enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Methods: The study reviews advancements in oral drug delivery systems, including novel nanomedicines, microfabricated devices, and targeted delivery technologies. It synthesizes research findings from recent literature to highlight the evolution of these technologies and their impact on drug delivery. Results: Recent innovations include nanoparticles, microemulsions, and microfabricated devices, which enhance drug stability, targeting, and bioavailability. Nanoparticles, such as liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, protect drugs from the GIT environment and improve their absorption. Microfabricated devices, such as microneedles and micropatches, offer controlled and targeted drug release. Additionally, advancements in smart drug delivery systems, such as pH-sensitive and enzyme-responsive systems, provide precise control over drug release. Conclusion: Advances in oral drug delivery systems have significantly improved the ability to overcome GIT barriers, enhancing the effectiveness of oral medications. 
The role of healthcare professionals and telehealth in comprehensive medication management
Get PDFBackground _ Telehealth has emerged as a primary approach for providing allied health professional services on a global scale. However, many professionals lack adequate training to ensure the delivery of telehealth services of exceptional quality. Aim of Work – The purpose of this evaluation is to determine the necessary skills and abilities that allied health professionals need in order to provide telehealth services effectively. Techniques. Methods – This scoping study used the Population Concept Context framework and conducted searches in the following databases: MEDLINE, PsychInfo, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, EMBASE, PEDro, and WHO. Results – The competencies were associated with two specific areas: (1) the execution of telehealth consultations and (2) the administration of telehealth consultation services. The initial domain encompassed the subsequent areas of expertise: clinical reasoning, communication, proficient utilization of technology, patient-focused care, evaluation and intervention knowledge/behavior/skills, privacy, security, and patient safety, professionalism, and establishing the technical infrastructure. The second category included the competence topics of digital infrastructure, informing practice, and management. While the significance of telehealth competences has been highlighted by research, they have not yet been integrated into educational settings. 33.3% of the publications originated from the field of psychology
Trauma-informed care in emergency medicine: The role of nurses, pharmacy, telehealth in providing care to patients who have experienced trauma
Get PDFBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of telehealth in healthcare, particularly in emergency medicine. The need to minimize physical contact and optimize resource allocation has led to the exploration of telehealth's potential in pre-hospital, inpatient, and post-discharge settings. Aim of Work – This review examines the utilization of telehealth and the role of physicians, nurses, and pharmacists in emergency medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting its applications, benefits, and limitations. Methods – A comprehensive electronic search was conducted across six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase) up to 2018. The review focused on English-written, full-text articles that explored telehealth in emergency medicine. A total of 36 articles were selected for analysis. Results – Telehealth has demonstrated its value in pre-hospital care, emergency department (ED) management, and post-discharge follow-up. Key applications include remote patient monitoring, virtual consultations, and tele-triage. Benefits include reduced PPE usage, improved patient communication, and enhanced resource utilization. However, challenges include infrastructure limitations, technical issues, and ethical considerations. Conclusion – Telehealth holds significant potential to enhance emergency medical care, particularly in the context of infectious disease outbreaks. However, further research is needed to address existing limitations and optimize its implementation. 
Advances in pre-hospital emergency care: Enhancing outcomes through innovative practices and technology
Get PDFBackground: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in the United States have evolved significantly since the 1960s, leading to a complex and diverse system that varies across regions. Despite the critical role EMS plays in pre-hospital care, there remains substantial confusion about its operations, structure, and effectiveness. This complexity has driven the need for innovative practices and technology to enhance pre-hospital care and patient outcomes. Aim: This article reviews recent advancements in pre-hospital emergency care, focusing on innovations and technological developments designed to improve EMS efficiency and patient outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature and current practices in pre-hospital care was conducted, examining advancements in technology, EMS curricula, and the integration of new tools and techniques into emergency medical practices. Results: Key innovations in pre-hospital care include mobile health technology, telemedicine integration, advanced diagnostic devices, automated external defibrillators (AEDs), wearable health sensors, drones for medical delivery, enhanced trauma care equipment, electronic patient care reporting (ePCR), portable ventilators, and simulation training. These advancements have improved real-time data collection, patient monitoring, diagnostic accuracy, and overall efficiency of emergency responses. Conclusion: The integration of innovative technologies and practices into EMS has substantially enhanced pre-hospital care. 
Effective management of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage: Current approaches for pharmacists, emergency medical services, and updated role of health information
Get PDFBackground: Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage, a significant health concern particularly among the elderly, is a leading cause of hospital admissions for gastrointestinal disorders. The condition can be present as hematemesis, hematochezia, or melena, with varying etiologies based on the site of bleeding. Management of GI bleeding is complex and varies according to the stability of the patient and the source of bleeding. Aim: This article aims to review current approaches for the effective management of acute GI hemorrhage, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic strategies employed by pharmacists and emergency medical services. Also, review will focus on the role of health information systems for the management and controlling GI hemorrhage in future responses. Methods: A comprehensive review of management practices was conducted, including initial evaluation, resuscitation strategies, and diagnostic procedures. Emphasis was placed on the roles of endoscopy, imaging studies, and multidisciplinary care in the management of both stable and unstable GI bleeding. Results: Effective management starts with hemodynamic stabilization and involves the use of crystalloid resuscitation and blood transfusions as needed. Endoscopy is preferred for stable cases of upper and lower GI bleeding, performed within 24 hours of presentation. 
Micronutrients and cardiovascular health: A cross-sectional survey among medical students of Pakistan
Get PDFIntroduction: Health authorities particularly World Health Organization emphasize upon the role of nutrition (macronutrients and micronutrients) in prevention of CVD (Cardiovascular Diseases). Objectives: The study aimed to assess knowledge on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and diverse role of micronutrients in their prevention amongst undergraduate medical students in Pakistan. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among students of third, fourth and final year MBBS across various medical colleges in Pakistan. Consecutive non-probability sampling was employed and self-reported questionnaire was used for collection of data. A total of 381 students were recruited and majority (n=213; 55.9%) were females. Largest number of respondents belonged to third year of MBBS (n=160; 42%). Nearly 66% (n=250) medical students had adequate knowledge on cardiovascular diseases’ risk factors. Results: Around 31% (n=117) had adequate while 69% (n=264) had sub-optimal knowledge on benefits of micronutrients in cardiovascular diseases. Chi-square test of association showed statistically significant relationship (P-value <0.05) between demographic variables and knowledge of students. Conclusion: Medical students being the future healthcare professionals can contribute effectively and efficiently to reducing risks of cardiovascular diseases by having an up-to-date knowledge. Future large-scale and in depth studies can further probe the issue