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Exploring the interplay between kidney health, vitamin D levels, and mineral/bone disorders in chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Get PDFIntroduction: CKD is associated with a number of problems of mineral and bone metabolism, including vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The relationships between a lack of vitamin D, circulating indicators of mineral and bone diseases (MBD), and renal function in CKD are not well understood. This cross-sectional research included 1,060 individuals with CKD stages 2 to 5 from the Institute of Kidney Disease (IKD), Peshawar. In addition to other indicators of bone metabolism, we evaluated the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood levels of Calcifediol, calcium, phosphate, and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH). The results of interest were blood calcium, phosphate, and PTH levels as well as other indicators of bone metabolism. These markers also included circulating markers of MBD. Results: Higher blood Parathyroid Hormones levels, in addition to lower levels of blood calcium and phosphate, were all associated with vitamin D deficiency and decreased eGFR. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency has been independently linked to lower levels of other bone metabolism indicators, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. In patients with CKD, abnormalities in mineral and bone metabolism, including greater PTH levels and lower calcium and phosphate levels, are independently correlated with reduced eGFR and vitamin D insufficiency
Functional outcome of Latarjet for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Recurrent shoulder dislocations can be treated with a variety of surgical procedures. However, soft-tissue repair appears to be ineffective in all cases of recurrent shoulder dislocation. The present study aimed to determine the Latar jet technique functional outcome for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. Patients and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 42 recurrent shoulder dislocation patients at the MTI Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from January 2019 to December 2022. All the eligible patients were operated with open Latar jet procedure. Constant-Murley shoulder score was used for the assessment of functional outcome at 6th months. SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total 42 patients, there were 40 (95.2%) male and 2 (4.8%) female. The overall mean age was 46.8±8.4 years. The right and left-side involvement was found in 32 (76.2%) and 12 (23.8%) respectively. The incidence of poor, fair, good, and very good outcomes was 3 (7.1%), 4 (9.5%), 12 (28.6%), and 23 (54.8%) respectively. There was significant improvement in shoulder motion and reduction in pain after 6th month's follow-up. 
Perception of teenage girls towards menstrual cycle and its stigma: A qualitative study
Get PDFBackground: Globally, teenage girls undergo challenges with their menstrual cycle, including managing hygiene, fatigue, physical and psychological stigma, and absenteeism from school. Methodology: Teenage girls were included in this qualitative study, with five focus groups (three sessions each) with a researcher note. A thematic approach was adopted, and the criteria of reports on the qualitative study have been adhered to: Two major concepts of themes evolved from the collected data. 1. Dysmenorrhea and 2. Physical and psychological changes. Focus groups used a diary to document the conversations. Results: The girls reported that menstrual pain limits their everyday activities and causes less confidence. They are also more likely to feel mentally low, and it hurts their outfits. Conclusions: The research explores the significance of the data from a qualitative study in uncrating teenage girls’ perception of menstrual pain and changes in their body images
The effectiveness of early angiography and intervention for treating anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction involving diagonal branches
Get PDFBackground: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is life-threatening condition requiring prompt medical attention. The diagonal branches are a group of blood vessels that supply blood to the front of the heart, and their involvement in anterior STEMI can result in worse outcomes. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential for enhancing patient outcomes. Objectives: This study's objective is to assess the efficacy of early angiography and intervention in the treatment of anterior STEMI involving diagonal branches. Methods: We conducted cross-sectional investigation of patients admitted to Medical Training Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan during 2022-23, with anterior STEMI involving diagonal branches, including 250 patients whom underwent early angiography and intervention within 12 hours of symptom onset. Medical records were mined for clinical data, including demographics, medical history, electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, hematological laboratory results, and treatment modalities. The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality at 30 days following hospitalization. Results: Mean age of STEMI patients was 61.91+8.71 years, and 68.8% were males. Median time between onset of symptoms and hospitalization was 3.50+0.78 hours. The 30-day mortality rate was 10.8% overall (27/250). Our results indicated that early intervention improved mortality outcomes, whereas late intervention increased the number of cases requiring revascularization. 
Anopheles 3rd instar larvae predation by local cyclopoid copepod, Mesocyclops scrassus to prevent malaria in Telangana State
Get PDFMesocyclopus scrassus is an insect predatory with an environmentally favourable profile. Although malaria is in control in India, there is a possible risk of spread from malarial infected people coming from other endemic countries. The probability of mosquito vectors in several parts of India, necessitates the identification of effective and innovative control methods. The present study focused on identifying an effective biological control method for the 3rd instar of anopheline larvae using Mesocyclops scrassus under laboratory and field conditions to prevent malaria. So, we investigated its potency against Anopheles larvae
Assessing medical doctors' knowledge about medical ethics in health practices: A cross-sectional survey in Lahore, Pakistan
Get PDFBackground: When it comes to protecting patients' rights and ensuring the quality of healthcare, medical ethics are of the utmost importance. Clinical specialists need a solid understanding of clinical morals to adhere to moral guidelines in the delivery of medical care. Objective: The study aims to determine, how well doctors in Lahore, Pakistan, are aware of medical ethics in health practices and their comprehension of healthcare ethical principles, guidelines, and decision-making processes knowledge and contribution. Methods: A cross-sectional review was conducted in Lahore with 350 health professionals from various medical services settings. The survey had unconditional and different decision inquiries to evaluate the comprehension specialists might interpret clinical morals using Medical Ethics Attitude Scale (MEAS). Results The findings of this analysis suggest that the opinions of medical professionals regarding how they adhere to medical ethics vary significantly. The professional respondents' mean score of 2.01 indicates a moderate level of agreement regarding medical ethics. To determine the significance of the differences in the assessment scores, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted. The ANOVA test resulted in an F-value of 69.87, indicating a highly significant association between the assessment scores and the variables related to knowledge of medical ethics practice. 
Effect of demographic and clinical characteristics of open wound pressure ulcers in patients at tertiary care hospital of Karachi
Get PDFPressure ulcers acquired in a hospital are a common problem in patients with neurological disorders. Although a number of risk factors have been identified, no relationships between risk profile characteristics and pressure ulcer outcomes in hospitalized patients in Karachi have been described. This research aimed to identify the elements that contributed to the emergence of open-wound pressure ulcers in patients with neurological disorders who were being treated in hospitals. A cross-sectional analytical study design was used to enroll 93 study participants from Pakistan's Murshid Hospital and Healthcare Centre (MHHCC). The data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The Chi-Square test and an independent t-test were used to analyze the data using SPSS 21 to determine the results. The study discovered that the Glasgow Comma Scale (p = 0.001), length of hospital stay (p = 0.001), and back care (p = 0.03) were statistically associated with the open wound pressure ulcer. In conclusion, hospitalized patients with neurological disorders showed a significant difference between open wound and close PU in terms of mean GCS, length of hospital stay, and back care.pressure ulcer (PU
Practices and determinants of self-medication among undergraduate medical students of Peshawar, Pakistan
Get PDFSelf-medication, which often includes over-the-counter (OTC) medications, is described as a global public health issue affecting a vast number of individuals. The rate of self-medication has risen considerably among medical students, as evidenced by various published studies. Self-medication was reported to be quite common (88.4%) when 389 medical students were polled about it. The frequency were found higher in female students (66.3%) as compared to male students (22.1%) with significant p-value (p=0.007). The most frequently used items were painkillers (77.57%), antipyretics (52.06%), cough and cold medications (48.71%), antitussives (40.20%) and antibiotics (30.92%). They primarily purchased self-medication supplies from pharmacies and extensively relied on family members and their own prior medical experiences for knowledge on the medications they used (p<0.05). However, among these medical students, the idea of self-medication is well-established because they realized that mild illnesses could be treated without visiting a doctor. High levels of education and professional success have been said to be indicators of self-medication. The results suggest that in order to prevent the rising trend of self-medication, rigorous laws should be implemented that prohibit the distribution of pharmaceuticals without a valid prescription. The risks of self-medication should be made known to young people, especially females
Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and its antibacterial susceptibility pattern among pregnant women
Get PDFBackground and Aim: The condition of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy is common, and up to 40% of women developing pyelonephritis in pregnancy may suffer low birth weight and membrane’s premature rupture. The present study intended to investigate the incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and its antibacterial susceptibility pattern among pregnant women. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 183 pregnant women attending Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from December 2021 to May 2022. Pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria attended the ANC services and willing to provide written consent were enrolled. Standard bacteriological procedures were followed for bacterial isolates identification using biochemical tests, colony characteristics, and Gram-staining. Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion technique was used for Antimicrobial susceptibility test on Muller-Hinton agar medium and Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines was used for interpretation of zone of inhibition diameter. Midstream urine samples were collected from each study participant and standard microbiological methods to culture urine, identify the pathogen, and conduct sensitivity tests. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 27. Results: The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 14.2% (n=26) among pregnant women. 
Molecular docking of lectins as a biosorbent for removal of textile dyes from wastewater media
Get PDFMolecular docking of lectins as biosorbents for textile dye removal from wastewater media is a topic of great significance in the fields of environmental and health science. Textile dyes are highly toxic and persistent, posing a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Therefore, finding an effective and sustainable method for their removal is crucial. Lectins, which are proteins found in plants and animals, have been extensively studied for their ability to bind with specific sugar molecules. This unique property makes them potential candidates for biosorption applications. Molecular docking techniques allow scientists to study the interaction between lectins and textile dyes at the molecular level, providing valuable insights into their binding affinity and efficiency. By understanding the molecular interactions between lectins and textile dyes, researchers can design more efficient biosorbents that can selectively remove these harmful compounds from wastewater media. In addition, molecular docking studies can help optimize the conditions under which this process occurs, such as pH levels or temperature.Three textile dyes were docked on the lectins of Cupressus sempervirensto evaluate the binding affinity of these drugs