International journal of health sciences
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Hypertensive encephalopathy in a patient with unconsciousness: A case report
Get PDFHypertensive encephalopathy (HE) is characterized by acute onset severe arterial hypertension associated with confusion, headache, seizure and even unconsciousness. It is usually reversible but any delay in recognition and treatment can be life threatening. Typical abnormality in MRI is increased intensity in both occipital white matter areas indicative of edema. Differentials can be ischaemic stroke, ICH, Tumor, acute toxic metabolic encephalopathy. We here describe a patient with no history but admitted with hypertension and loss of consciousness and had several seizures. She recovered with appropriate treatment for hypertension
Cross-lagged analysis of the relationship between risk perception, physical activity, and adolescent mental health
Get PDFBackground: According to a study of global adolescent mood problems during the pandemic, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 31% and depressive symptoms were 34% during the novel coronavirus pandemic, both significantly higher than before the pandemic. However, while physical activity has been clearly shown to be effective in moderating adolescent mental health problems, it is unknown whether physical activity is still effective for mental health under the risk perception of illness. Therefore, this study investigated the association between risk perception, physical activity, and adolescent mental health. Methods: Two questionnaires were administered to the same students in five high schools in December 2022 as well as in January 2023. <N=344>, which investigated the risk perception level, physical activity intensity, and mental health level of adolescents during the New Crown pandemic. Results: There were significant gender differences (p < 0.01) for adolescents' risk perceptions, with gender difference effects of 0.255 (d = 0.416) and 0.195 (d = 0.402) for the two measures, and gender differences in mental health, with gender difference effects of 0.159 (d = 0.262) and 0.179 (d = 0.278). 
Perception, precausions and acceptance of vaccination against SARS COV-2 viral infection among health workers in two tertiary hospitals in southeast Nigeria, four years after the onset of the pandemic
Get PDFBackground: The study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals located in ababkaliki the capital city of Ebonyi State.
Aim: To ascertain the perception, awareness and vaccination of COVID-19 among the health workers.
Methods: A questionnaire/data sheet was developed for the study. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, perception and awareness and COVID 19 vaccination were obtained. The data were fed into the computer using SPSS version 25, Illinoi USA and analysis done.
Results: We had 420 respondents with the mean age of 39.1±9.8 and ranged from 20 to 70years made up of doctors, nurses/midwives, laboratory scientists, pharmacists and others. There was high awareness of COVID 19 in the group but with poor knowledge of spread 47.4% and preventive measures 43.1%. awareness of vaccine was high 96.9% but the uptake was low 33.8% with major reason being fear of side effect and some also believe vaccine is a scam. Some of the respondents were survivors of COVID 19.
Conclusion: There is high awareness of COVID 19 disease in the hospitals but poor knowledge of mode of spread and preventive measures including very low uptake of anti-COVID 19 vaccines and inadequate provision of PPEs 4 years after the onset of the pandemic
Laparoscopic evaluation of nonspecific vague abdominal pain
Get PDFObjective: To find out if laparoscopy has any diagnostic utility for individuals with non-specific, vague abdominal discomfort. Methodology: Laparoscopies for diagnosis were performed on patients who complained of vague, nonspecific stomach discomfort. SPSS version was used to gather and evaluate the data. Three months of patient follow-up occurred in the OPD. Results: There were 50 patients listed for the study where men outnumber women by a factor of 2. Individuals were between the ages of 20 and 60, having an average age of 36.0. Umbilical pain affected more than 50% of patients, followed by lower-body discomfort in the right (25%) and left (10%) quadrants. While some individuals had abdominal TB, 30% of the patients had appendicular pathology. About 13% of individuals experienced chronic and recurrent cholecystitis, and 11% had postoperative adhesions and bands. Wound infections made up 8% of the postoperative complications of the operation, whereas RTI made up 5%, 5 % of patients were diagnosed to have torsion of ovarian cyst, and 5 patients were diagnosed to have pelvic inflammatory disease. In 95% of the instances, a firm diagnosis was made. 
Role of MR enterography versus ileo-colonoscopy in the assessment of inflammatory bowel diseases
Get PDFBackground: Chronic idiopathic inflammation ofGI tract is the hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases. Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis have been the two conditions that IBD studied cases most frequently experience. Aim: To diagnose IBD characteristics, specifically Crohn's disease & ulcerative colitis, in addition to identifying disease aggravation (Activity), present research compared MRE results with those from ileo-colonoscopy. Summary: For identification of inflammatory bowel disease, MRE has been a sensitive, reasonably priced, noninvasive, & radiation-free method. Unlike ileo-colonoscopy, it might evaluate entire small intestine, measure afflicted loop exactly, & look for activity indications like lymphadenopathy & mural thickening. Nevertheless, ileo-colonoscopy had been more effective at spotting mucosal erosions & superficial ulcers, & it helps evaluate large intestine & terminal ileum in IBD-studied cases. MRE must be incorporated into IBD treatment regimens for small-bowel, colonic, & extra-enteric assessment, disease activity monitoring, & anti-inflammatory therapy response
Efficacy of different doses of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in sub-arachnoid block for patients undergoing lower limb surgeries
Get PDFObjective: To determine the difference in efficacy of bupivacaine as adjuvant to 5 µg& 10 µg of dexmedetomidine respectively during intrathecal administration in prolongation of duration of sensory block (as a main primary variable) in lower limb orthopedic surgery. Setting: Department of anesthesia, MTI-HMC, Peshawar. Study design: Randomized controlled trails. Duration of study: From 1st Feb 2021 to 30th July 2021. Subjects & Methods: Each patient enrolled in study after proper consent in written form and counselling was subjected to complete medical history, clinical examination. Spinal column was the primary focus of examination. All standard vitals monitoring equipment attahed. Baseline readings obtained and noted. Double i/v line was secured. Patients were preloaded with 10ml/ kg of Ringer Lactate. Spinal injection of anesthetic. Conclusion: Results obtained from this study showed that adding 10 micro gram of dexmeditomidine in comparison to 5 micro gram to spinal anesthetic for lower limb traumatic orthopedic surgery significantly prolongs the sensory block, analgesia, decreased onset time for block, early rehabilitaion and ambulation of patients which has various socioecnomic advantages
Advances in pharmacogenomics for personalized emergency medicine: Implications for drug safety and efficacy
Get PDFBackground: Advances in pharmacogenomics are transforming personalized emergency medicine by addressing genetic variability in drug metabolism and response. Genetic variations can significantly affect drug safety and efficacy, particularly in emergency scenarios where rapid and effective treatment is critical. Aim: This review aims to explore how pharmacogenomics can enhance personalized emergency medicine, focusing on implications for drug safety and efficacy. Methods: We reviewed recent literature on pharmacogenomics, emphasizing its impact on drug responses in various clinical contexts including chronic diseases, autoimmune disorders, cancer, infectious diseases, psychiatric and neurologic conditions, and chronic pain. The review included case studies and clinical guidelines that integrate genetic testing into drug prescribing practices. Results: Pharmacogenomic research has identified numerous genetic variations influencing drug metabolism and efficacy. For instance, variations in genes such as CFTR, TPMT, BRCA1/2, and UGT1A1 can predict drug responses and adverse reactions, leading to more tailored and effective treatments. Implementation of pharmacogenomic testing has demonstrated potential in reducing adverse drug reactions and improving therapeutic outcomes across several conditions, including cystic fibrosis, cancer, and chronic pain. Conclusion: Incorporating pharmacogenomic data into emergency medicine practice offers significant benefits by personalizing treatment plans and minimizing adverse effects. 
Evaluation of impression cytology as rapid non-invasive diagnostic tool in infected corneal ulcer
Get PDFBackground: Microbial keratitis (MK) is caused by bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. It is very important to differentiate between these three causative microorganisms very early as they differ in their treatment, and some of these microorganisms, like Pseudomonas aeurogenosa, may result in eye perforation within 72 hours .The purpose of this study was to evaluate impression cytology smear to be used as a guide for early accurate treatment of cases. This study was conducted on 80 patients suspected of having MK. A corneal smear was taken with impression cytology paper (a non-invasive technique) and transported to the microbiology laboratory for examination. Results: The IC smear examination results were as follows: 30 (37.5%) were Aspergillus fungus, 14 (17.5%) were Acanthamoeba, 15 (18.75%) were Gram-negative bacilli, 4 (5%) were Staphylococci, 1 (1.25%) was Streptococci, 14 (17.5%) were both Gram-negative bacilli and Aspergillus fungus, and 2 (2.5%) were both Staphylococci and Aspergillus fungus. There was no significant difference between the diagnosis of MK by the culture method and the IC smear method. Conclusion: The impression cytology smear can be used as guide for early treatment of MK
A study on injectable DMPA (Depomedroxy Progesterone Acetate) and effect of its use as a short term contraception in immediate postpartum women
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Contraception in the postpartum period is a significant problem. When used correctly, injectable hormonal contraceptives are one of the most reliable methods of contraception currently available. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of injectable DMPA as a short term contraceptive in immediate postpartum women. Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 130 postpartum women in the Gynaecology Department of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from December 2018 to December 2019. The study group of 130 postpartum women were given injectable DMPA 150 mg intramuscularly during discharge from hospital and after three months. The mother was subjected to a complete general physical examination. The need of exclusive breast feeding was emphasized. Fasting blood samples were collected for liver function testing (LFT), lipid profile, blood sugar, haemoglobin (Hb). About 130 postpartum women who were not taking any hormonal contraceptive were considered a control group. All the patients were followed-up for six weeks, three months, and six months. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 27. Results: The overall mean age of study group was 24.6±2.9 years with an age range 20 to 34 years. 
Health, education, and climate change
Get PDFEducation faces great challenges at a global level, since knowledge of what is happening on the planet today with the increase in global temperature depends on it; the health of humanity is threatened, man is destroying the environment, the objective of this reflection is that each person who reads this material is able to internalize, disseminate and carry out actions to stop climate change to achieve a healthy environment and be sustainable in every part of the planet, where work is done to reduce the contamination processes which are associated with major pandemics