International journal of health sciences
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COVID-19 pandemic and its prevalence in northern areas of Pakistan
Get PDFObjectives: This study aimed to find the prevalence of COVID-19 in Northern Areas of Pakistan. This research will help researchers better understand the outbreak's tendencies and provide an estimate of the region's epidemiological stage. Material & Methods: This Cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at Anwar Hospital, Anwar Clinical Laboratory, Saidu Sharif Swat (KP) Pakistan. Samples of all suspected COVID-19 patients who come for COVID-19 screening were included from March 2020 to 18 September 2021. COVID-19 screening was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: A sample of 2537 suspected COVID-19 patients were screened in this study. A total of 970 cases were positive and 1567 were negative by PCR. The prevalence of COVID-19 was 38.23%. All participants ages ranged from 9 to 70 years. Conclusion: As indicated by this study the prevalence of COVID-19 is high due to lack of awareness regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection transmission among the general population of Malakand division. Lack of SOPs compliance is the second reason for the high prevalence of COVID-19
Role of Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa as Ayurvedic Management in EK-Kushtha with special reference to Plaque Psoriasis: A case study
Get PDFIn Ayurveda literatures, this disease is called Kushtha because it deforms the body (1). All types of skin diseases are considered under title Kushtharoga and are further divided into Mahakushtha and Kshudra kushtha. When one consumes etiological factors mentioned in Samhitas, Tridosha (Vata, Pitta & Kapha) gets vitiated and contaminates Skin-Twak, Blood-Rakta, Muscle-Mamsa and Lymph-Lasika - which causes Kushtha (2). Ek-kushtha is a type of Kshudra Kushtha which has dominance of vitiated Vata and Pitta Dosha (3). Plaque Psoriasis is a long-lasting, noncontagious autoimmune disease. The disease affects 2-4% of the population. Both Men and Women are affected with equal frequency. It may begin at any age, but typically starts in adulthood (4). Plaque Psoriasis can be correlated with Ek-Kushtha and has similar symptoms such as Aswedanam indicates absence of perspiration, Mahavastum means aggressively spreading lesions invading whole body, Matsya- shakalopam explains the scaly nature and hyperkeratinisation, which is occurring in the epidermis and scaling resembling scales of fish (5). The treatment options available in contemporary system of medicine are not much satisfactory hence this study has been proposed to evaluate role of Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa as Ayurvedic management states in Ek-Kushtha with Special Reference to Plaque Psoriasis.
 
Study of bacterial and hospital acquired factors of urinary tract infections in patients in district Chakwal
Get PDFMajority of hospital acquired infection included Urinary Tract Infection (UTIs) worldwide. If the causes of UTI are well understood, the condition may be easily managed with timely management. In current study, the UTI factors and frequency of pathogenic bacteria in all patients were observed and also the bacterial cultures were identified to check the percentage of infection caused by different gram positive and negative bacteria. For this study, 300 urine samples were collected aseptically and subjected to routine microbiology analysis. Different gram negative and gram-positive bacteria were isolated and identified from the urine samples. The gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli was the most dominant and frequently identified bacteria in UTI emerged as the most dominant bacterial uropathogens, followed by Staph aureus, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., and Enterococcus. This study found significant associations (p<0.05) with UTI with age 19 years to 50 years, male and female gender, married and single people, genitourinary tract anomalies, diabetes and indwelling catheter use for 6 days
Comparative study between high flow nasal cannula, high velocity nasal insufllation and noninvasive ventilation in management of acute respiratory failure
Get PDFBackground: Evidene supporting the benefits of High velocity nasal insufflation (HVNI)and High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in mangment of Acute respiratory failure in adults beside Non invasive ventilation (NIV) has been proved. The work aim was to evaluate the advantages, efficacy and the hazards of HVNI/HFNC in comparison to those of NIV with acute hypoxemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure. Patients and methods: A prospective analytical study of 60 patients with ARF were randomized to receive either non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) using an oronasal mask 30/60(50%), high-velocity nasal insufflation (HVNI) 17/60(28.3%), or High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) 13/60(21.7%). Precision Flow® Hi-VNI Packaging(Vapotherm Inc., USA) as HVNI device which delivered air flows between 35 and 60 L/min. Temperature was set at 34°C or 37°C, whereas FiO2 was controlled to gain arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) above 92%(that made PEEP from 1.7 to 5)
The importance of training and development of employees in improving the quality of health services
Get PDFThe study aimed to identify the importance of training and development for staff working in Qassim hospitals, in addition to the quality of health services provided to patients and technicians, and the researcher prepared a questionnaire to obtain the answers of the sample. From the study after verifying the truth, consistency, and confirmation of the judges, and among the most prominent results that were reached: Continuing to train the various hospital workers with average accounts (4,759), (training for administrative and technical activities) with moderate accounts (4,759), (the Arabs have experiences Practical and practical for training) with arithmetic scores (4.740), (loading is actually carried out in a bag in a mirror with two bathrooms) with a score of (4.50), (science seats are left for sports training) with a score of (4.33) management, total quality inputs in training and medical services) with an average My arithmetic (4.23), the existence of a statistically significant correlation between the degree of practicing the quality of health services and the training and development of workers in the health sector at the level of 0.670, and the study: the need to choose a sufficient number of managers to ensure the quality of health services in hospitals
The prevalence of reproductive tract infections in rural areas studied by the community based intervention programme
Get PDFIn developing countries Reproductive tract infections are very important public health problem. RTI’s that are not sexually transmitted are considered even more common.2 These infections present major health, social and economic problems 3,4 A baseline study done among married young women in 1996–97 found a high prevalence of reproductive tract infections.14 In response to the findings of this study, CHAD has adopted a comprehensive community based interventional strategy to reduce the burden of RTIs. Health education providing information on RTI’s is provided to adolescents in school health programmes, out -Of-school youth and to young married couples. Regular mass education campaigns are held in the villages. The health team offers counseling on risk reduction both at the hospital and during home visits. In an attempt to expand health care services for early diagnosis and prompt treatment to the community level. Aim: To study the effect of a community - based intervention on the prevalence of reproductive tract infections in the community. Results: The total number of married women between the ages 15 - 25 years in Durgapur region from Gopalpur, Rajbandh and Panagargh villages were around 1740 participants. 
Nigerian athletes’ perspective: Urine doping controls
Get PDFAthletes who compete may be subjected to urine doping tests after each competition, training session, or at other occasions. Despite the restrictions and penalties, doping still manages to contaminate sports. Africans still have misgivings about anti-doping measures since they believe they were excluded from the regulatory process. The study's goal was to obtain empirical evidence on Nigerian athletes' attitudes toward urine doping prevention, influenced by; athletes' cultural, environmental, and emotional peculiarities. Participants included, 165(21.4 years, ± 2.1) athletes from 10 sports. Participation was voluntary. Mixed methods of quantitative and in-depth interviews were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and testing for differences between categorical variables were calculated using a 2×2 table, chi2 and gamma tests. Findings indicated that; athletes voluntarily submitted to testing, with statistical significance for testing frequency (0.004) and age (0.022), but not for gender difference (0.66). Common themes in athletes' feedback were that their cultural norms were violated, confidentiality, presence of an atmosphere of bias that could damage test results, and conventional doping tests causing psychological pain, suffering and shame. It was concluded that the peculiarity of athletes should be considered when developing global legislation
Outcome of primary percutaneous coronary intervention among cases undergoing transradial technique
Get PDFObjective: To assess the outcome of primary percutaneous coronary intervention among patients undergoing transradial technique. Material and methods: An observational study was conducted at Department of Intervention Cardiology, Peshawar institute of Cardiology during in the period from November, 2022 to April, 2023. Total 121 patients presenting with STEMI undergoing PPCI through transradial technique. Mortality and forearm hematoma were assessed. Chi Square test was used for association keeping P value < 0.05 as significant. Results: Mean age recorded was 50.13±18.42 years, there were 82 (67.8%) male while 39 (32.3%) female patients. Success rate was 91.7%. Mortality rate was 4.1% while forearm hematoma was observed in 5.8% patients. Conclusion: primary percutaneous coronary intervention through transradial technique is an effective approach with 91.7% success rate
Efficacy of transabdominal pelvic ultrasound in the detection of pelvic inflammatory disease
Get PDFThis research aimed to determine the efficacy of transabdominal pelvic ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in Pakistan. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing a convenience sample of 100 female patients out of approximately 1200 patients who visited the Gara Tajik Hospital gynaecological unit in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, from January to December 2022. Transabdominal pelvic ultrasound is commonly used as a cost-effective and non-invasive diagnostic technique for PID, with a high sensitivity for detecting the disease when performed by a skilled operator using high-quality equipment. The research results indicate that transabdominal pelvic ultrasound is a valuable diagnostic tool for PID in Pakistan, providing real-time images of the pelvic anatomy that can aid in prompt and appropriate treatment. However, further research is needed to evaluate its effectiveness in different populations and to compare its efficacy with other diagnostic techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Clinical application of transarterial chemoembolization combined with terminal branches portal vein embolization in planned hepatectomy
Get PDFThis study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in conjunction with terminal branches portal vein embolization (TBPVE) in the context of planned hepatectomy. A cohort of five patients afflicted by primary hepatocellular carcinoma who were deemed unsuitable candidates for primary surgical resection was gathered from August 2019 to December 2021. Following the application of TACE in combination with TBPVE as a therapeutic intervention, we observed postoperative general reactions, alterations in tumor biomarkers, hyperplasia of future liver remnant (FLR), and subsequent surgical resection. All patients successfully underwent the combined TACE and TBPVE procedure, achieving a technical success rate of 100%. One week after TACE, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels decreased from 38.52±49.21 to 25.27±37.94 μg/L, and Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonist (PIVKA) levels decreased from 1689.30±1663.83 to 219.03±228.10 μg/L. Two weeks post-TBPVE, FLR exhibited an increment from 350.80±41.17 to 476.00±57.91 mL. The ratio of FLR to standard liver volume (SLV) increased from 30.94%±3.63% to 42.03%±5.62%. The combined application of TACE and TBPVE not only effectively manages tumor progression but also augments the FLR, thereby affording patients with a limited future liver remnant an opportunity for surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma