International journal of health sciences
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Effects of Ayatul Kursi on anxiety and pain levels in adult hematological cancer patients Islamabad, Pakistan
Get PDFBackground: Cancer is a life threatening disease and considered the leading cause of death in low-income countries. Anxiety and pain are the most common problems experienced by the cancer patients. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Ayatul Kursi on anxiety and pain levels in adult hematological cancer patients admitted in oncology in-patient units of tertiary care hospital. Methodology: This study was a time series Qusai experimental pretest post-test design conducted in tertiary care hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan. The total sample size was 35 patients; those patients who met the inclusion criteria were conveniently sampled. Patient anxiety level was measured on Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale and pain level was measured on Numerical Rating Scale (NRS).The intervention was recorded recitation of Ayatul Kursi in the voice of Qari Abdul Basit, with an Urdu translation. Patients listen ten times to the recitation on an MP3 player with the help of earphones. Two cycles were given to the patient in a day and intervention was given to the patients for three days. Data was recorded before giving the intervention on day one. The second data was recorded immediately after evening dose of the intervention on day two
Effect of cholecalciferol recommended daily allowances on vitamin d status and fabroblast growth factor- 23, in Acute burn patients
Get PDFPeople who have had burns may get vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D intakes are not recommended in the dietary guidelines for burn victims, and the majority of studies solely include ergocalciferol as a source of vitamin D. (VD2). Providing children with burns with nutritional support. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe the VD status of adult burns; (2) examine the impact of (VD3) supplementation on VD metabolism during acute burn treatment; and (3) look into the relationship between FGF23 and (CRP). Epidemiology study was created. Methods: Adults (18 years and older) who were hospitalized within 24 hours of a burn incident and had a burn surface area participated between March 2012 and January 2013. (BSA). Along with VD3 (400-600 IU) either orally or intravenously each day, patients also received a multivitamin complex (200–220 IU). After admission (Day 0), calcium, phosphate, albumin, and CRP levels were checked once a week for four weeks. Third-generation (PTH), 25(OH)-D, and 1-25(OH)2-D blood concentrations, as well as (FGF23) and PTH, were also measured. You may get the data as a ratio or as the midpoint value (min–max). 
A morphological and morphometric analysis of the facets and the retroarticular groove of Atlas vertebra
Get PDFIntroduction: An insight into the variable features of the atlas vertebra is indespensible to perform an array of spinal surgeries.This study is designed with the intent to ascertain a secure loci for these interventions. Aim and Objective: 1. To ascertain the incidence of retroarticular groove or canals 2. To determine the dimensions of the superior and inferior articular facets. 3.To observe the morphological differences in the shape of the facets. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study on 116 adult atlas bones.The Morphometric measurements of the atlas were performed with a vernier caliper .The greatest anterior-posterior (AP) & transverse (T) diameter of Superior & inferior articular facets on both the sides will be measured and the morphometric data thus obtained was statistically analyzed by SPSS software version 23 using a paired t test. Observation and Results:The shape of the superior facets were mostly reniform (36.2%) on the left and dumb-bell shaped (34.4 %) on the right . Complete separation was seen in 5.1% (Right) and 3.4% (left) . No difference in the dimensions of the superior and inferior articular facets of either sides was noted. 
The correlation between the levels of anti-sperm antibodies and some cytokines in the seminal plasma with sperm parameters and leukocytes concentration of infertile men
Get PDFBackground: The aim of this work is study the relationship between sperm parameters, anti-sperm antibody and some cytokines levels for infertile men. Semen samples were studied for 88 infertile men;of these (28) infertile men with normozoospermic, (29) with oligozoospermic and (31) with asthenozoospermic ,samples were collected from Fertility Centre in Al-Sadder teaching hospital in Al-Najaf / Iraq during the period of (2/11/ 2021) and (5/2/2022). All participants underwent seminal analysis and measurement of seminal plasma antisperm antibody and some cytokine. The result of the study showed negative correlation between antisperm antibody and of interleukin (IL-1and IL-6) with sperm parameter and posative correlation with leucocytes. The presence of leucocytes in the semen is associated with an increase in levels of interleukin (IL-1and IL-6) in the seminal plasma of infertile men. The presence of antisperm antibody and interleukin (IL-1and IL-6) in the seminal plasma is associated with a negative relationship in the semen quality of infertile men
Recent developments and innovations in emergency department for the management and treatment of acute ischemic stroke
Get PDFBackground: In the past five years, substantial advancements have occurred in the management and treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The primary goal remains to preserve ischemic tissue and enhance clinical outcomes. The pathophysiology of ischemic stroke involves a complex cascade of events following the obstruction of blood vessels by thrombi or emboli, impacting neurons and other cellular components in the neurovascular unit. Recent advancements in imaging technologies, including CT perfusion and MRI techniques, have enabled better assessment of ischemic progression and treatment decision-making. Aim: The aim of this review is to summarize recent developments and innovations in the management and treatment of acute ischemic stroke, focusing on advancements in imaging techniques, therapeutic strategies, and emerging thrombolytic agents. Methods: The review synthesizes recent literature on acute ischemic stroke therapies, including intravenous thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, and neuroprotection strategies. It evaluates new imaging modalities and their role in treatment planning. The review also examines recent clinical trials and studies on novel thrombolytic agents. Results: Recent imaging advancements, such as CT perfusion and MRI diffusion/perfusion imaging, have improved the assessment of ischemic tissue and infarction progression. 
Understanding the pathophysiology of alzheimer's disease: Insights for early diagnosis
Get PDFBackground: Neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), pose a significant health challenge globally, with projections indicating nearly 152 million affected individuals by 2050. AD accounts for 60% to 80% of neurodegenerative cases, manifesting primarily as sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) after age 65. Aim: This review aims to elucidate the pathophysiology of AD, focusing on the early identification of biomarkers for diagnosis and the exploration of potential therapeutic interventions. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, examining the biological mechanisms underpinning AD, particularly the role of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, along with the impact of lipid nutrients and nanotechnology in treatment delivery. Results: Key findings indicate that soluble amyloid-beta oligomers are critical in AD pathogenesis, contributing to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline. Moreover, recent advancements in nanotechnology, particularly through nanoliposomes, show promise for enhancing drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Conclusion: Understanding the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and pathological factors in AD can inform early diagnostic strategies and therapeutic approaches. The role of lifestyle and dietary interventions is crucial, and future research should focus on leveraging nanotechnology for effective treatment delivery
Thrombophilia screening in clinical pathology: Guidelines and controversies
Get PDFBackground: Thrombophilia screening is crucial in assessing the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), particularly in patients with a history of VTE. Clinical guidelines recommend targeted testing based on management implications and clinical context, including factors like surgery, malignancy, and hormonal status. Aim: This review evaluates the significant laboratory factors affecting the interpretation of thrombophilia test outcomes, specifically focusing on inherited and acquired thrombophilias associated with VTE. Methods: The review discusses common thrombophilias, including factor V Leiden, prothrombin mutations, deficiencies in protein C, protein S, and antithrombin, as well as antiphospholipid antibodies. It emphasizes pre-analytical variables influencing diagnostic accuracy and describes recommended laboratory protocols for specimen collection, processing, and testing. Results: Key findings indicate that genetic mutations and deficiencies significantly elevate VTE risk in various populations. The accuracy of functional assays is influenced by factors such as specimen handling, anticoagulant therapy, and the presence of interfering substances. Conclusion: Proper interpretation of thrombophilia testing is essential for effective patient management. Understanding the impact of laboratory variables is crucial for minimizing diagnostic errors and ensuring accurate assessment of thrombotic risks
Endocarditis: An overview of serious cardiac disease for healthcare professionals
Get PDFBackground: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe cardiac condition primarily caused by various pathogens, including bacteria and fungi, that invade the bloodstream and affect heart valves. Historically linked to rheumatic fever, the epidemiology of IE has evolved, with healthcare-associated infective endocarditis (HCAIE) now representing a significant portion of cases due to increased use of intravenous devices. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, mortality rates remain high, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of IE. Aim: This article aims to evaluate the epidemiological trends of IE, discuss the latest diagnostic and management guidelines, and explore future directions to improve treatment outcomes. Methods: A thorough review of recent literature, epidemiological data, and current guidelines related to IE was conducted, analyzing global trends, causative agents, risk factors, and changing prevention strategies. Results: The incidence of IE has increased significantly, from 478,000 cases in 1990 to over 1 million in 2019, with a corresponding rise in mortality. Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as the leading pathogen, particularly in healthcare settings, while the epidemiology varies across regions, especially in developing countries. Conclusion: The multifaceted nature of IE requires a multidisciplinary approach for effective management. 
The importance of effective health management in improving patient outcomes: A systematic review
Get PDFEffective health management is a critical component of achieving desired patient outcomes in modern health systems. However, despite the efforts of policy makers and analysts in the healthcare sector, the role of management remains an area where there are significant gaps in knowledge. This paper aims to present the results of a systematic review of the literature examining the relationship between health management and patient outcomes. The review aims to integrate and synthesize the existing evidence base to answer the following question: How can care systems and practices be managed and organized to achieve better outcomes for patients with type 2 diabetes? The importance of this question is emphasized by an introduction to the policy issues that undoubtedly face our healthcare system and those of other countries in the developed world. By combining clinical, organizational and professional administrative measures, improvements in access, coordination, clinical and human outcomes are sought
Artificial intelligence in drug discovery: Current applications and future directions
Get PDFBackground: The drug discovery process is complex, time-consuming, and costly, traditionally relying on trial-and-error approaches. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has emerged as a transformative solution, enhancing efficiency and precision in identifying potential drug candidates. Aim: This review aims to explore the current applications of AI in drug discovery, highlight the AI tools utilized in the process, and discuss the associated challenges. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on peer-reviewed articles, clinical studies, and case reports that detail the application of AI and ML in various phases of drug discovery, including target identification, lead optimization, and preclinical evaluation. Results: The review identifies several AI applications, such as predictive modeling, molecular design, and virtual screening, which significantly expedite the discovery process. Tools such as deep learning, natural language processing, and reinforcement learning have been instrumental in analyzing large datasets and predicting drug interactions. However, challenges remain, including data integration issues, skill gaps among professionals, and skepticism regarding AI outcomes. Conclusion: AI has the potential to revolutionize drug discovery by streamlining processes and improving accuracy