International journal of health sciences
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Comparative study between effect of both drugs Tamoxifen versus Letrozole on endometrial thickness as Hormonal adjuvant therapy in breast cancer
Get PDFBackground: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related death in women. About eighty percent of breast cancers express Estrogen receptors. Long term survival of hormone receptor positive breast cancer patients was significantly improved after introduction of adjuvant hormonal therapy. Different classes of hormonal agents with different mechanisms of action and side effects are available. Tamoxifen has known proliferative effect on endometrium. This may lead to hyperplasia, bleeding and endometrial cancer. Objective: to compare between effects of tamoxifen versus effect of letrozole on the endometrial thickness as adjuvant Endocrine treatment in hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Patients and methods: 66 patients were enrolled in the study from May 2021 to November 2021; they were randomized to receive either tamoxifen or letrozole. Endometrial thickness was measured at baseline, after three and six months from start of treatment. Results: No significant difference in endometrial thickness in the two groups
Diagnostic & prognostic impact of 18F-NaF PET/CT versus 99mTc-MDP bone scan in detection of bone metastases: Initial and follow up assessment
Get PDFPurpose: To assess the role of 18F-NaF PET/CT in the detection of metastatic bone disease compared to 99mTc-MDP bone scan (+/-SPECT/CT). Methods: 64 adult patients with locally advanced primary tumor were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent pretherapy 18F-NaF PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP bone scan. Results: Among the 64 patients 18F-NaF PET/CT revealed positive bone metastases in 26 patients, only 19 of them have positive results in 99mTc-MDP bone scan, while the remaining 7 patients were falsely negative in 99mTc-MDP bone scan. On the other hand 18F-NaF PET/CT diagnosed 38 patients free of osseous metastases, 5 patients of them were falsely diagnosed having osseous metastases by 99mTc-MDP bone scan. None of patient has positive bone metastases by 99mTc-MDP & negative 18F-NaF PET/CT for bone metastases in our study group. The overall results revealed significant higher sensitivity for 18F-NaF PET/CT (100%) compared to 99mTc-MDP bone scan (73.08%) (P<0.05) as well as higher specificity for 18F-NaF PET/CT (100%) compared to 99mTc-MDP bone scan (86.8%) (P<0.05). Conclusion: 18F-NaF PET/CT is a high-quality skeletal imaging with convenient diagnostic performance in either lytic or sclerotic bone lesions surpassing that of Tc99m MDP, with lower equivocal interpretations
Prognostic implications of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio in acute myocardial infarction
Get PDFBackground: Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a readily available marker that conveys important information about the complex inflammatory activity in the vascular bed during the active phase of the syndrome. Hence it provides relevant information regarding the risk of mortality in patients who are admitted with acute myocardial infarction. Objectives: To estimate the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio in STEMI and NSTEMI of acute myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods: A total of 190 patients with acute myocardial infarction who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio was calculated in STEMI as well as NSTEMI and the value was compared. Patients were then categorized into three groups based on NLR . The relation of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio with the morbidity and mortality of acute myocardial infarction was then studied. Results : The mean age of patients in this study was 59.46± 15.29 years. In this study ,63.1 % were males and 37.9 % were females. The mean NLR value in acute myocardial infarction in this study was 6.175 ± 2.26.The mean NLR value among patients with STEMI is 6.49±2.30 while among patients with NSTEMI is 5.86± 2.17. 
A review of polysaccharide based hydrogel as cell carrier in wound healing
Get PDFVarious types of wound treatment materials have been developed that influenced by numerous wound types and wound management using hydrogel has been explored and widely used before. Among current strategies of development of hydrogel is the one that can act as a cell carrier that is applicable for wound healing. Thus, this study is conducted for reviewing the synthesis and method approaches for various polysaccharide-based hydrogel as wound healing materials. In other hand, this study is concerning on properties of hydrogel and their biological role as cell carrier that can support wound healing process by reviewing studies that related to polysaccharide-based hydrogel as cell carrier. Various types of polysaccharide-based hydrogel such as alginate, chitosan and hyaluronic acid have been developed using different type of approaches for wound healing. They can capsulate various type of cells that and the formed polymers give an excellent support for the cells such as to be delivered to the host tissues as well as aiding angiogenesis to accelerate wound healing. The emerging polysaccharide-based hydrogel for wound carrier has a very promising criterion that can be polished further due to its favorable qualities in assisting wound healing mechanisms
Comparative evaluation of the tensile and compressive strength of three light cured bulk-filled composite core build up material: An in vivo study
Get PDFIntroduction- The loss of a considerable amount of tooth structure makes retention of subsequent restorations more problematic and increases likelihood of fracture during functional loading. Different clinical techniques are there, one such technique is post and core. An ideal core build- up material must present excellent mechanical properties to resist the stresses that may be produced during function, providing equitable stress distributions of forces and reducing probability of tensile and compressive failures. Recent developments in flowable and restorative composite resins have resulted in a greater total depth of cure—between 4 and 5 mm for some materials. Materials and Methods: study was conducted in the department of prosthodontics and crown and bridge, including implantology along with external laboratory support and molds for tensile and compressive strength were made. Result- Based on strength, Photocore and Multicore HB may be used as alternatives to Kerr Herculite Precise; however, other physical qualities should also be considered. Conclusion-Within limited data available on recent bulk fill material that is PLT, Kerr Herculite Precis more in vitro and in vivo studies should be held for long term success of the material
Consistent sharing of personal health data in cloud using attribute based encryption (ABE)
Get PDFPersonal Health Record (PHR) is a booming model of patient’s health data updating and periodic maintenance. The patients' power over admittance to track their own PHRs is a challenging and recent technology. Attribute based Encryption (ABE) is advanced technologies were rules are framed based on their characteristics rather than identities. It is a secure key of the patient and is dependent on their characteristics .This paper focus on numerous information of the patients and the clients, to fit them in the PHR framework. The decryption of the secure key is done only when the characteristics match with the data base in the cloud. The security access can be a key or a text data. If numerous keys are created the cloud will grant access only when at least one key attribute gets match with the cloud data. This technology provides an additional dynamic tuning of access or record credits, to uphold the skill-ful on-request client/property denial and access under emergency situations. Other than this a Thresh-old Identity Based Encryption (TIBE) conspire is accommodated upgrading solid unscrambling consistency
Clinical assessment of thermo-viscous versus conventional bulk-fill resin composites in proximal compound posterior restorations: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Get PDFObjective The purpose of this prospective randomized clinical study was to compare the clinical performance of thermo-viscous bulk-fill resin composite versus conventional bulk-fill resin composite in proximal compound posterior restorations. Materials and Methods: A total of fifty-four Class II cavities were prepared in forty-seven patients. The patients were divided into two groups according to the type of the bulk-fill used (n=27).Group 1 : thermo-viscous bulk fill (Viscalor,Voco) while Group 2: conventional bulk fill (Xtra-fil ,Voco). Both groups received the same adhesive system; selective enamel etching using the single dosed dual cured universal adhesive (Futura-bond U, Voco). All restorations were clinically evaluated at periods of 1 week (initial recall), after six months, and after one year. Assessment was done according to the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Data were statistically analyzed using Friedman to compare between the tested periods for each group (p < 0.05). Results: There was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2 regarding all tested criteria at different follow up periods; where P > 0.05. Conclusions: Thermo-Viscous Bulk fill composite (Viscalor bulk fill) and conventional packable bulk fill composite resin (X-tra-fil) exhibited comparable acceptable clinical performance after one year of clinical evaluation
The rights of disabled children in Iraq
Get PDFDisability is generally defined as a physical, mental, or psychological injury that causes harm to the child’s physical or mental development, or both, and may affect his psychological state and the development of his education and training. Thus, the individual or the child becomes a person with special needs and is less than his peers of the same age in physical functions perception, or both. Handicapped children are usually classified into the following groups: Physically handicapped children disability physical Mentally retarded intellectual disabilitysocially handicapped children disability Social. Disability occurs for several reasons or factors, the most important of which are congenital factors , communicable diseases , non - communicable physical diseases , functional psychological and mental disorders , accidents , malnutrition , addiction to alcohol and drugs , and During pregnancy problems occur . Since the disability, of its various types, drains a huge effort, incurred by the state and the family, so it depends Methods and programs protection From disability on me How aware are we? 
Patient satisfaction and patient loyalty in medical tourism sector: A study based on trip attributes
Get PDFPurpose- The purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of Trip Attributes on Patient Satisfaction and Patient Loyalty in Medical Tourism Sector using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Design/ method/ approach- The paper undertakes an examination of influence of Trip Attributes on Patient Satisfaction and Patient Loyalty in Medical Tourism Sector based on primary data collected from 402 foreign tourists visiting Kerala for medical treatment using questionnaire. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using Smart PLS 3.0 developed by Christian Ringle and his team was employed for analysing data. Findings- The results indicate that Trip Attributes including Frequency of Visit, Duration of Treatment and Duration of Leisure Time have significant influence on Patient Satisfaction. Likewise, the patient satisfaction has significant influence on Patient Loyalty. The results highlight the importance of trip attributes on patient satisfaction and their loyalty in the medical tourism sector. The government and service providers can develop the medical tourism industry by concentrating on trip attributes as it has direct effect on patient satisfaction.  
Counseling interventions for the prevention of pre-married sexual behaviors among adolescents
Get PDFPremarital sexual behavior by adolescents is a bad practice because it has consequences for adolescent health. One of the efforts aimed at preventing premarital sexual behavior in adolescents is to provide intervention through counseling. This study aims to analyze counseling interventions for the prevention of premarital sexual behavior in adolescents. The study used a literature review approach and was based on a guideline review assessment instrument. Search data through electronic database searches from articles published in Science Direct, Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Garuda. The search results obtained 9,053 articles, which were then selected using the Guideline review instrument so that 10 articles were obtained that matched the inclusion criteria. Based on the review and analysis process of the article, the counseling intervention methods that have been carried out for the prevention of premarital sexual behavior in adolescents are through peer counseling, Islamic counseling, direct counseling, counseling using SMS, counseling with computer media, and cyber counseling through electronic media. This shows that counseling intervention is effective in preventing premarital sexual behavior in adolescent