International journal of health sciences
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Formulation and evaluation of polymeric microspheres of a poorly soluble drug celecoxib
Get PDFThe aim of this present work was to formulate microspheres of BCS Class II drug Celecoxib. The drug was identified by melting point study and FT-IR spectroscopy. Therapeutic success of a drug is greatly depended on its bioavailability. Majority of the recently discovered drugs shows poor solubility (BCS Class II) which decreases the bioavailability upon oral administration. Microspheres are a novel technique to circumvent this obstacle, which can increase bioavailability of drugs significantly. Polymeric microspheres with Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Eudragit L-100, prepared by Emulsion Solvent Diffusion and Evaporation technique, showed a range of drug release profile at intestinal pH 6.8. Different batches of microspheres were prepared by varying the drug-polymer ratio. Microparticulate systems like microspheres improve absorption which increases the bioavailability, ultimately leading to more efficient drug therapy. The microsphere system also provides protection to the gastric mucosa from GIT-irritant drugs thus decreasing toxic effects and sustained releases allows lower dosage frequency. Prepared microspheres were evaluated on various parameters like entrapment efficiency, %yield, particle size, scanning electron microscope analysis, and in-vitro drug release profile. Solid spherical microspheres were produced which showed good entrapment efficiency (43%-91%) and released 70-90% of the drug content in 10hrs. 
Comparison of IL-6 levels among healthy subjects and patients with periodontal disease
Get PDFBackground: The present study was conducted for comparing the IL-6 levels among healthy subjects and patients with periodontal diseases. Materials & methods: A total of 30 healthy controls and 30 subjects with presence of generalized periodontitis were enrolled. Complete demographic and clinical details of all the patients was obtained. All the patients were recalled in the morning and blood samples were obtained. All the samples were sent to the laboratory where an auto-analyser was used for evaluation of serum IL-6 levels. All the results were recorded and analysed by SPSS software. Results: Mean serum IL-6 levels among the subjects of the periodontitis group and control group was 6.96 pg/mL and 3.1 pg/mL respectively. While analysing statistically, it was seen that mean IL-6 levels among the subjects of the periodontitis group was significantly higher in comparison to the subjects of the control group.Conclusion: IL-6 plays a significant role in immune-modulation and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases
Galvanic skin response: A marker of autonomic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Get PDFIntroduction: Stress and sedentary lifestyles frequently result in chronic health issues such as diabetes; a metabolic disorder that impacts the neural system as a result of changes in multiple metabolic pathways. Long-term diabetes mellitus causes neuropathy, which affects the autonomic nervous system. The study was initiated based on indications that sweat glands innervated by the autonomic nervous system would be impacted in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus who also had neuropathy symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine galvanic skin resistance (GSR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy individuals. Material & Methods: A total of 60 subjects between the ages of 25- 60 years were included in the study. 60 healthy individuals in the same age group with no history of diabetes mellitus and neuropathy served as controls, while/participants with diabetes mellitus and a history of neuropathic symptoms served as cases. Galvanic skin resistance (GSR) was recorded using Physio-Pac 4 channel digital polygraph at the department of medicine. All recordings were made between 10:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. in the supine position at room temperature. Result: Basal Galvanic skin resistance was higher in the diabetic patients. 
Assessment of prescribing pattern in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients and rational use of medication in a tertiary care teaching hospital: A uni-centric prospective study
Get PDFBackground: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a condition of liver damage that includes cirrhosis and fibrosis of liver. It is a progressive destruction of liver functions due to inflammation, exertion of bile and detoxification of harmful products of metabolism. Objective : To assess the prescribing pattern in chronic liver disease patients and to facilitate rational use of medication. Method : A uni-centric prospective (observational) study was conducted for a period of 6 months for analyzing the prescribing pattern used in treating Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) patients. All the patients (both male and female) diagnosed with CLD visited to gastroenterology department were included in the study. Patients with pregnancy, age below 18 year and above 80 year were not involved in the study. Result: It was observed that the number of males accounted for the 64% of the total patients and rest 36% were females. CLD affected the age group of 48 – 58 years and the common causes were hepatitis C virus (55.55%) and alcohol consumption (26.19%). 
Attitude of Kabawa community towards girl child education and sustainable development in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State Nigeria
Get PDFThe paper examined Kabawa Community's attitude on girl child education and sustainable development in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. The study was undertaken to look at the cultural and educational variables which influence the attitude of Kabawa Community towards girl child education. In conducting the design, the author used a Descriptive Survey research design. The population of 25,150 female students was used from 62 secondary schools that girls are enrolled under the Kebbi State Secondary School Management Board (KSSMB), Nigeria. A sample of 8 schools was randomly selected; 250 students were randomly chosen proportionately. A sample of 58 parents was drawn using quota sampling. The paper found out that non-educated Kabawa parents, especially those in the rural areas, have a negative attitude towards girls' child education
The effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral therapy program in reducing the risk of relapse for recovering addicts
Get PDFThe study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral therapy program in reducing the risk of relapse for recovering addicts. The study applied the quasi-experimental approach, where the study sample consisted of (10) individuals addicted to the substance (Ceptagon and Synthetic cannabinoids), who are present in the addiction treatment center / Arjan. They were divided into two equal groups, an experimental group consisting of (5) drug addicts, and a control group consisting of (5) drug addicts. The criteria for evaluating the factors of addict’s relapse were applied to them, in addition to the treatment program. Moreover, the study found the effectiveness of the program in reducing the risk of relapse for the recovering addicts, the research sample. It showed the presence of statistically significant differences between the ranks of the degrees of the two measurements, pre and post tests, for the experimental group, and also showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the ranks of the degrees of the two measurements. 
Can aquatic plant (Eichhornia crassipes) be used as a partial substitute for carp fish feed?
Get PDFThis study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using Eichhornia crassipes as a partial substitute for vegetarian meals to reduce the cost of feeding fish. Eichhornia crassipes powder was included in fish feed at different levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), and it was fed in Cyprinus carpio L. farms using plastic container for 45 days. The obtained results showed that the final weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) was (15.83; 9.8) gm respectively in the first treatment during the 45th day, highest percentage compared to the control treatment. Non-Significant differences were observed between treatments and days in feeding fish at p˃0.05 compared with the control treatment. The average intestines length of fish shows the highest increase in the first treatment compare to control, and it may be the best criterion for growth with this concentration. We conclude that the E. crassipes (25%) can be replaced as a partial substitute for meals. Therefore, experiments at other concentrations of lower than 25% are recommended to reach the best growth standards
Study the Biaxial creep of continuous polymer fiber composites
Get PDFCreep is the slow continuous change in the dimensions of the engineering piece during the service. The study of the creep is one of the very important things in order to avoid the disasters that occur as a result of changing the dimensions. Since we are studying creep and its effect on engineering parts in various fields in which polymer or composite materials are used, and among these areas is the use of polymers and composite materials in dams, then we must choose polymeric materials carefully so that these materials must have special properties in terms of strength and rigidity. In order to meet the required requirements in terms of properties, we chose high-density polyethylene because it has several properties, including its high degree of urgency as well as high inter molecular force, but this material alone does not meet all requirements because the polymer alone is not considered a successful material. High-density carbon fiber and we got a composite material with excellent properties that are much better than high-density polyethylene alone.  
Comparative evaluation of remineralizing efficacy of silver containing fluoride, nano hydroxyapatite and self assembling peptide on early enamel carious lesions under atomic force microscope: An in vitro study
Get PDFAim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of 3 different materials on remineralization of early enamel carious lesions. Materials and Methods:80 maxillary single rooted premolars were divided into four groups(n=20). Group 1: Control,Group 2 : Silver diamine fluoride ,Group 3 : Nano-hydroxyapatite and Group 4: Self assembling peptide. Each group except control group were subdivided into two subgroups. All the materials were demineralized in demineralizing solution for 96 hours, which was daily renewed after 24 hours until uniform early carious lesion were formed. After the formation of lesions, half of specimens from each tested subgroups had the material applied and the half of the specimens didn’t. All the specimens were immersed together in 20 mL of artificial saliva at 37ċ for 24 h. After 24 hours experimental materials were rubbed off using cotton pellate socked in acetone. All the specimens were then washed with distilled water and again immersed in fresh artificial saliva for 48 hours at 37ċ in an incubator. Saliva was exchanged after 24 hours with fresh saliva. The pair of negative control group was only immersed in artificial saliva for 24 and 48 hours continuously and saliva was not exchanged during this period. 
Impact of family determinants on internet addiction among adolescents in a rural block, Tamilnadu
Get PDFGlobally, it is agreed that the internet can serve as a tool that enhances well-being but there is no consensus regarding what constitutes problematic internet use and internet use relationship with offline behavioral addictions. Internet addiction threatens to develop into a major public health issue in the near future in a rapidly developing country like India. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of internet addiction disorder and to assess the impact of family determinants on internet addiction among adolescents in a rural block, Tamil Nādu the study was conducted among school going adolescents with age group 13 to 19 years in a rural block. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used with the Internet addiction test questionnaire (IAT) to evaluate internet addiction disorder. The study included 406 adolescents of which 173 were males and 233 were females. Female’s adolescence was more addicted to internet than males. Among the participants 23.9 % had moderate addiction and 1.5% had severe addiction. The study reported higher addiction among adolescents of illiterate parents especially among those who were employed