International journal of health sciences
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The journey of the avian influenza virus H5N1 through 30 years of evolutionary events, geographical locations, and animal species: A review
Full text linkInfluenza viruses have caused outbreaks and pandemics throughout human history and have until Covid-19 been considered the group of viruses with the largest potential for pandemics. Avian influenza viruses cause zoonotic diseases, including birds, mammals, and humans. This review focuses on H5N1 because it is highly pathogenic and generated the most common clades among the current ones (e.g. 2.3.4.4). Since the first goose that was infected in Guangdong, China by A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 (H5N1) in 1996, H5N1 has undergone many events of reassortment with other influenza viruses and accumulated many amino acid substitutions on the 10 proteins that are encoded by the H5N1 genome. The review will follow H5N1 through examples of such evolutionary events that permitted the virus to spread across the world, as well as through many animal species. Hallmark mutations that permit or prevent the selective binding to receptors on bird or mammal host cells will be identified. The journey through the NorthAtlantic fly way from Europe to North and South America, culminating in the first reported death from H5N1 in the United States will be explained. The review concludes with the current state of vaccines and anti-virals and an assessment by the author of the current situation
Content analysis of biology book for the fourth scientific grade according to the levels of depth of knowledge
Full text linkThe research aimed to analyze the content of the biology book for 4th scientific grade in high school according to the levels of (DOK), to know the extent of the availability of indicators of these levels in the scientific content of the book, which would achieve a deep understanding of students in biological concepts and develop strategic and extended thinking in solving scientific problems in a sustainable style. The researchers used a descriptive-analytical approach, and the content of the biology book represented the research community. The sample was made up of the first six chapters. The research tool was built and included (22) indicators and was presented to several arbitrators in teaching methods to verify the validity of the tool. researchers analyzed the content of the biology book, depending on the explicit and implicit idea as a unit of recording, and the Holsti formula was used to calculate the reliability of the analysis. The results showed that the biology book does not contain all indicators, and the levels appeared to vary. level (Recall and reproduction) obtained (63.49%), level (Skills and concepts) obtained (19.07%), level (Strategic thinking) obtained (8.84%), and level (Extended thinking) obtained (8.60%), accordingly the researchers presented several recommendations
A case report on hypothyroidism treated constitutionally with homoeopathic medicine causticum 1M
Full text linkHypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is not able to produce enough thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormones can disrupt such things as heart rate, body temperature, and all aspects of metabolism1. Hypothyroidism is most prevalent in older women. Major symptoms include fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, dry skin and unexplained weight gain. Homoeopathy has a major role in the treatment of hypothyroidism1.Acoording to Homoeopathy best medicine is the simillimum and it acts when the remedy covers the patient constitutionally i.e it is similar to the patient at mind level and physical level. Causticum was selected as the simillimum.
 
Outcomes following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in morbidly obese patients: A comparative study
Full text linkBackground: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) are the two most common bariatric surgery methods performed worldwide. We aimed to contrast the LSG versus LRYGB effect in morbidly obese patients on obesity associated comorbidities and weight loss. Methods: This retrospective comparative research was performed through the period from 2019 to 2023 on 100 morbidly obese cases. Patients were designed into LSG group (50 patients underwent LSG) or LRYGB group (50 patients underwent LRYGB). Results: Excess weight loss (EWL) at one year follow up was insignificantly different between LSG and LRYGB groups while it was significantly improved in LRYGB group than LSG group at two years follow up (P value =0.027). The changes in hypertension, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after surgery were insignificantly different between LRYGB and LSG groups. The number of oral hypoglycemic drugs, number of anti-hypertensive drugs, and thyroxine dosage after surgery were insignificantly different between LSG and LRYGB groups. Regarding postoperative complications, 3 (6%) cases progressd new-onset GERD in LSG group while 4 (8%) patients developed internal hernia, and 1 (2%) patient developed ulcer at gastrojejunal anastomosis in LRYGB group with insignificant difference between,
Functional evaluation of ACL reconstruction using peroneus longus tendon autograft versus hamstring tendon autograft
Full text linkBackground: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction improves knee stability and function with many graft types, either autografts or allografts, which have already been studied extensively. Aim of the study: To compare between the clinical and functional outcomes of ACL reconstruction using peroneus longus tendon autograft versus hamstring tendon autograft. Patients and Methods: This study is a controlled randomized prospective study, that was conducted at Menoufia University Hospitals from February 2023 to February 2024. Twenty patients underwent ACL reconstruction using peroneus longus tendon autograft and twenty patients underwent ACL reconstruction using Hamstring autograft. A written well informed patient consent was obtained from all the participants. The patients were followed up for 12 months. Results: In HT group, the Lyshlom score has improved from 59.1±11.2 with range between 36-84 pre-operatively to become 93.9±4.6 with range between 84-100 post- operatively. While in PLT group, it has improved from 54.6±6.4 with range between 42-65 to become 94.8±4.7 with range between 85-100 post-operatively. 
The experience of nurses worked at the COVID-19 unit in intermediate Hospital Oshakati, Oshana Region, Namibia
Full text linkThe Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is the world’s most significant public health emergency. Nurses, essential members of the COVID-19 patient care team, are facing the majority of the problems brought on by the disease. To enhance the quality of care provided to COVID-19 patients, this study explored the experience of nurses who worked at the COVID-19 unit in Intermediate Hospital Oshakati, Oshana Region, Namibia. The study employed an exploratory and descriptive research design with a qualitative approach to the population of thirty-five nurses who worked at the COVID-19 unit in Intermediate Hospital Oshakati during the COVID-19 pandemic. Purposive sampling was used to select eight participants for data saturation. A semi-structured interview was used for data collection, and a tape recorder was utilized to capture the data. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis using the six steps proposed by Creswell (2014). Findings were presented in themes and subthemes for better comprehension. Ethical considerations were observed, such as approval, the principle of justice, confidentiality, privacy, beneficence, and non-maleficence. 
Profile of antibiotics prescription pattern and their outcome in patients during COVID-19 treatment in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Full text linkThis study evaluated antibiotic prescription patterns and treatment outcomes among hospitalized COVID-19 patients at the Centre for Communicable Diseases, Control, and Research, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria, during the first and second waves of the pandemic. A retrospective review of 122 patient records examined demographic data, antibiotic use, dose regimen, hospitalization length, and comorbidities. The study aimed to determine antibiotic prescription patterns and treatment outcomes (primary outcomes) and identify factors predicting patient recovery (secondary outcomes). Chi-square analysis and Fisher's test were utilized to obtain the primary outcomes, and the secondary outcome was derived using regression analysis. A total of 299 antibiotics from ten classes were prescribed, with 98.4% of patients receiving azithromycin and penicillin/macrolides. Among the patients, 40 completed treatments at home, 53 had comorbidities, 19 died, and 100 recovered. Poor treatment outcomes were linked to older age, comorbidities, and multiple antibiotic combinations, while gender, hospitalization length, and antibiotic type did not significantly impact recovery. No significant differences were found in antibiotic prescriptions between patients with and without bacterial co-infections. These findings highlight the role of compromised immunity in poor outcomes and underscore the importance of evidence-based antibiotic use during outbreaks to enhance patient management and curb antimicrobial resistance
The effectiveness of video media and Yoga Pranayama booklets on lung function and quality of life of asthma patients
Full text linkAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract characterized by episodes of wheezing, difficulty breathing, chest tightness and coughing. The prevalence of asthma sufferers in Indonesia according to Riskesdas 2018 is 2.4% with an incidence rate in West Java of around 3%, the highest in women at 2.5%.). Yoga pranayama will provide relaxation for the body and control breathing. Yoga can improve lung function, reduce stress levels due to shortness of breath and improve quality of life. The purpose of the study was to determine. The Effectiveness of Yoga Pranayama Video Media and Booklets on Lung Function and Quality of Life of Asthma Patients. Quasi-experimental research design - Pre Post Test with two groups, with a sample size of 33 respondents for the yoga pranayama group with video media and 33 respondents for the yoga pranayama group with booklet media, the sampling method was purposive sampling. Data analysis through univariate and bivariate analysis. The output produced is the HAKI video and Yoga pranayama booklet. For scientific journals, the proposal process is still ongoing.
Deforestation, negative aspects of health
Full text linkDespite the efforts made in some countries to mitigate the negative effects of deforestation on health, there are territories where this activity is not prioritized. The objective of the research is to show the health conditions that can be caused by the conversion of forests into non-arid lands where trees are cut down or burned and are not repopulated with endemic species. The bibliographic review and qualitative analysis were used as a methodology. The result was that deforestation has significant implications for human health, one of which is the appearance of infectious diseases
Mental health and social factors: A social science approach
Full text linkMental health is an essential component of human well-being and is closely influenced by social factors. Among the main determinants are poverty, unemployment, gender-based violence, and social stigma, which increase the risk of disorders such as depression and anxiety. The objective was to understand how the social sciences influence mental health through the social factors present in any society. The research was qualitative. A literature review was conducted, and the inductive-deductive method was applied, with a descriptive approach. The conclusion is that the social sciences are essential in studies of mental health in society