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Taylorismus als Wurzel der modernen Arbeitsorganisation
No full textBorn in the USA in 1856, Frederick Winslow Taylor is considered as the father of scientific management. His work and legacy is the foundation of our understanding of modern management. He showed the world that a scientific approach to managing a company and its employees is beneficial for all parties and improves the lives of workers and factory owners alike. By pursuing his goal of eliminating inefficiencies, he made enemies with subordinates and unions throughout his lifetime. That even today his name is commonly used to describe challenging working conditions, is proof for the relevance and timelessness of this topic. This thesis deals with Frederick Winslow Taylor, who he was and what he achieved in life. Beginning from the early days with his family, his career and achievements are explained and draw a comprehensive picture about what is called “Taylorism” today. Understanding Taylor and scientific management means understanding modern organisations, their downsides and the succeeding management paradigms. Intense research into original publications from Taylor, his biographers, scientific papers and general management literature form the basis of this thesis. In order to convey Taylorism to recent times, a case study of a modern shop floor was carried out to show which aspects are still valid and which ones vanished over the course of time. It is shown that some parts of Taylor’s principles are more relevant than ever, having a modern dress though. Fighting inefficiencies is equally vital for a modern company than it was a hundred years ago. Using certain parameters to measure either success or failure, assessing employees and thinking about bonus systems, has not changed much. Hence the finding that Taylorism can be found everywhere, it just takes someone to look closely enough. Even though management styles were and will be subject to changing trends, at their core there will always lurk a late Frederick Winslow Taylor and his principles.Harald BrennerMasterarbeit Fachhochschule des BFI Wien 2016 Fachbereich: Betriebswirtschaftslehr
Effektive Entscheidungssteuerung in Projekten
No full textOver the duration of a project, a number of roles can and will try to influence the course the project will take. While some of these influencers are quite readily ap-parent because they are formal decision makers involved in some form in the pro-ject organization, others are not easily identified. In big projects there can be a big number of informal influencers who try to alter the course of a project with their own agenda in mind. That is not always beneficial for the project, and the project manager can have a hard time identifying and managing these informal influences. The purpose of this paper is to show if there are ways of recognizing these influ-encers, and if there are methods to successfully manage them in a way that is beneficial for the project. From the theoretical background of decision making models, project phases, project management basics and theories of power in or-ganizations, hypotheses are formed, which are then challenged against the input from the experts interviewed in the practical part. The empirical data was gathered via interviews with project managers from different national and international com-panies. The results show that while influencing the formal, visible decision makers in a project is commonplace, it is very difficult for project managers to even identify the informal decision makers who work behind the scenes. Most of the time only the results of the interventions can be recognized, but to be able to identify these informal decision makers soon enough takes a lot of experience and effort.Markus FreistädterMasterarbeit Fachhochschule des BFI Wien 2016 Fachbereich: Projektmanagemen
Die Währungspolitik der Zentralbanken und die Beeinflussung der Wechselkurse : Eine theoretische Aufarbeitung und Analyse der Währungspolitik der SNB und EZB, aufgrund der Aufhebung des Mindestkurses Franken zu Euro im Jahr 2015
No full textThis master thesis is based on a literature review and deals with the topic of monetary policy in theory and in practice. The objective of this thesis is to answer the following research question: “What monetary policy strategies and measures of the Swiss National Bank and the European Central Bank influenced the ex-change rate fluctuation of the Swiss franc to the Euro in 2015?” Monetary policy is a subpart of economic policy and is exercised by central banks. The focus of monetary policy is the stability of currency values, exchange rates and national price levels. Money is just valuable in the national country. Therefore a transboundary transaction presupposes a money exchange business on the for-eign exchange market. Since the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2007/08 the most relevant central banks of the world have pursued an aggressive monetary policy strategy. The po-litical influence in direction of low interest rates and the purchase of huge amounts of government bonds should lead to depreciations of the national currencies. These measures resulted in instability of the financial and foreign exchange mar-kets. The Swiss economy wasn’t directly influenced by the financial crisis. The cata-strophic world economic situation, the influence of the financial crisis of the Euro-pean countries and the bad reputation of the euro are the reasons why the Swiss Franc is still experiencing an overvaluation. Additionally an increase in capital im-ports has leaded to a huge appreciation of the Swiss currency. In 2011 the Swiss National Bank introduced a monetary policy measure, which should ensure an exchange rate between the Swiss franc and the euro of 1.2. The instruments of a low interest rate and an enormous purchase of foreign currency assets helped the economy to stabilize the currency and national price level. In 2015 the central bank decided to end the phase of a minimum exchange rate. The main reason for this decision was the aggressive depreciation policy of the Euro-pean Central Bank, which works against the depreciation of the Swiss Franc. A maintaining of a fixed exchange rate would be too cost intensive and lead to a fur-ther increase of total assets in the national balance of payments.Stephanie Ulrike FürstlMasterarbeit Fachhochschule des BFI Wien 2016 Fachbereich: Politikwissenschaf
Die EU zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit: Friedenssicherung und Selbstverständnis im Wandel
No full textThis diploma thesis was written within the specialization of political science and is about the self-understanding and peacekeeping of the European Union. Thereby the differences between requirement and reality were to be analysed. It`s designed as an hermeneutic thesis, which tries not to focus on one specific author, but include various articles, argumentations and outcomes to build a broad insight into the topic. The following questions should be answered within this thesis: - Which differences can be realized between the requirement and reality with regard to the self-understanding and the peacekeeping of the EU? - How can the self-understanding of the EU be understood within literature? - Which changes did the importance of peacekeeping underlie from the foundation of the EU until today? Regarding the self-understanding the outcome of this work implies, that requirements are in any case higher than reality. Various authors mention the high importance of a clear identity of the EU, but in reality only a few indices are found on an existing one. Also European citizens are aware of the importance of a unifying picture of the EU. In existing studies on this topic, the approaches as well as the outcomes vary a lot. Referring to the peacebuilding more interventions abroad of the EU are required. The importance of peacekeeping of the EU was at the time of its foundation higher than today, but more focused on peace within the member states. Today it is required to focus more on various crises abroad.Vera-Christina GanglMasterarbeit Fachhochschule des BFI Wien 2016 Fachbereich: Politikwissenschafte
Von Basel II zu Basel III – ein besserer Weg der Bankenregulierung? Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel der Schoellerbank
No full textThe financial crisis of 2008 had a big impact on the global economy. The problems that banks had to deal with affected our world economy in a dramatic way. Banks required bail outs of the countries which resulted in high government debts. In order to avoid further crisis in the future the Basel Committee published an innovated version of Basel II, which is known as Basel III. This thesis gives an insight on the innovated worldwide regulatory standard for banks, Basel III. It shows the big effort and costs a small Austrian bank has to deal with during the implementation of Basel III. Within the theoretical part this thesis gives a quick overview of the different bank models in Austria and explains the motives behind bank regulation before it focuses on the innovated parts of the regulatory standard. The empirical part sheds light on if the effort and costs of the implementation process meets the benefits of that innovated regulatory framework for banks.Elisabeth BarthaMasterarbeit Fachhochschule des BFI Wien 2015 Fachbereich: Betriebswirtschaftslehr
Die Donauraumstrategie zwischen EU-Mitgliedern und Nicht-EU-Mitgliedern : ein Vergleich zwischen Österreich und Serbien
No full textWith the implementation of the EU Danube Strategy the second macro regional strategy of the EU started. The Danube region comprises about 115 Million inhabitants in 14 countries. Most of them are already EU member states, but there are also prospect members and nonmember states part of the strategy. Therefore the region is one of the most diversified and faces as well challenges as opportunities. The aim of this thesis is to show the differences and similarities of an EU-member State and a nonmember State with regards to expectations and involvement in the strategy as well as the possibilities to finance actions and projects. After a thorough investigation of the theoretical basics, the author uses expert interviews to research the objectives of this thesis. The main findings show, that the countries differ from one another especially regarding their financing possibilities. Austria as an EU member state, for example, has much more possibilities of obtaining EU funds, shows a higher GDP and has more possibilities of national financing than Serbia. Furthermore, this thesis shows that the countries have different interests how they want to enforce using the EU Danube strategy. Regarding the involvement in the strategy, for instance, the analysis did not show any differences between the countries. Serbia is as engaged in the implementation as Austria and highly interested in the active participation.Marie-Sophie HuberMasterarbeit Fachhochschule des BFI Wien 2015 Fachbereich: Politikwissenschafte
Qualitätsmanagement versus Agilität in IT-Unternehmen
No full textThe origins of Quality Management are historically linked to production oriented organizations. However, nowadays the number of project oriented organizations is increasing. Additionally, companies with IT focus choose to not only work with a project focus but they work with agile methodology, which has an impact on the whole company’s principle of operation. Agile methodology, which is based on the Agile Manifesto, welcomes a dynamic environment and works with a little use of bureaucracy. Implementing a Quality Management System in an agile environ-ment does not seem to be compatible at first glance. Many IT organizations see a disturbance of their flexible working mode in the usage of a Quality Management System. Also studies show, that Quality Management standards are quite low in the software industry. This paper investigates if Quality Management can be im-plemented in an agile organization without harming the agile concept and which adjustments have to be made in order to unite the two concepts. For this reason, an extensive literature research has been done to analyze and compare the con-cepts of Agility and Quality Management. Additionally, an empirical research in the form of expert interviews has been carried out. Five experts in the field of Quality Management and Agility shared their practical experience with the concepts and the results have been included in the paper’s findings. The paper shows that Agile Methodology and Quality Management do not exclude each other; however, there are some areas that could cause problematic impacts. These include the cultural aspects that affect the areas Documentation and Process Management. In these areas the agile organization aims for as little effort as possible.To align Quality Management and the agile concept, solution approaches have been found in the areas of Quality Assurance, Role Allocation, Quality Policy, Process Definition and Documentation Techniques. Quality Management and Agile Methodology can be aligned and in some areas Agile Methodology supports Quality Management re-quirements on its own terms. The adjustments can and should be done but only if Quality Management is made use of in an agile organization and its implementa-tion is not just done because of marketing reasons.Astrid Maria RingbauerMasterarbeit Fachhochschule des BFI Wien 2015 Fachbereich: Projektmanagemen
Die Verfügungsmöglichkeiten über Betriebspensionsanwartschaften bei Beendigung des Arbeitsverhältnisses in Österreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz im Vergleich
No full textThe occupational pension scheme has changed in the course of time and developed itself to a significant instrument with regards to old-age provision. In the German-speaking countries it is a part of a three-pillar system, which shall guarantee the old-age provision. The three-pillar system consists of the statutory pension scheme, the occupational pension scheme and the private pension scheme. The statutory pension scheme serves hereby for securing one’s livelihood. On the other hand, the occupational pension scheme in combination with the statutory pension scheme is intended to guarantee a proper standard of living in old age. The three-pillar system is concluded with the private pension scheme, which intends to cover individual needs. In Austria, Germany and Switzerland, the occupational pension scheme is considered as a popular instrument in order to retain employees in a company. In Austria and Germany, it is offered as a voluntary social contribution which shall improve the income in the old age. In Switzerland, on the other hand, it is since 1985 an obligatory social contribution. In the light of various forms of the occupational pension scheme, this is by no means insignificant. Thereof it is determined which payments and benefits the employee can expect in the future. The basic pre-requisite for receiving the occupational pension scheme is a binding performance commitment from the employer to the employee. However, not every employee can expect to receive the commitment. In case the employee is eligible and receives the performance commitment, then the employee can build up future pension rights. If an employee however leaves the company, it is usually questionable what will happen with his/her claims. The goal of this thesis is to highlight this question and to present the right answers. For this purpose a comparative jurisprudence will be conducted for Austria, Germany and Switzerland in order to give a factual overview about the occupational pension schemes. Subsequently, various possibilities of disposal for occupational pension expectancy after leaving a company will be discussed in detail as well. In particular, it has to be examined, if employees from Austria, Germany and Switzerland have the opportunity to leave their claims in the system of their old employers, to transfer their claims to the system of their new employer or even to require a pay-out in cash of the full accumulated pension capital. The intention here is to analyze only those cases where no insured event (retirement, disability or death) has occurred.Bianca PaliwodaMasterarbeit Fachhochschule des BFI Wien 2015 Fachbereich: Wirtschaftsrech
The effects of organizational conflicts and conflict solution strategies : a systematic literature review
No full textKonflikte sind ein unvermeidbarer Teil des Betriebsgeschehens. Sie durchdringen eine Vielzahl von Prozessen und haben Auswirkungen auf den Unternehmenserfolg, was ihre Erforschung wichtig macht. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit besteht aus einer systematischen Literaturanalyse um die Auswirkungen von Konflikten am Arbeitsplatz auf das Unternehmen zu untersuchen und Konfliktlösungsstrategien zu ermitteln. Die narrative Aufbereitung der Fachliteratur umfasst 16 Artikel, die über betriebliche Konflikte und deren Management auf organisatorischer, gruppen oder interpersoneller Ebene berichten. Die Forschungsarbeit hilft das Verständnis für Unternehmenskonflikte sowie ihre Auswirkungen zu erweitern und empfiehlt Strategien zur effektiven Konfliktlösung.
Die vielfältige qualitative Untersuchung von betrieblichen Konflikten zeigt, dass sie sich primär schädlich auf Leistung and Zufriedenheit auswirken. Positive Auswirkungen werden nur unter bestimmten günstigen Bedingungen gefunden und können langfristig oder auf einer anderen betrieblichen Ebene negative Auswirkungen entwickeln. Im Gegensatz zu beziehungsbezogenen Konflikten oder Konflikten mit hoher Intensität, besteht bei aufgabenbezogenen Konflikten die größte Wahrscheinlichkeit effektiver Lösung und sie erzeugen häufiger positive Auswirkungen. Die Effekte von Konflikten auf Unternehmen werden in hohem Maße von der Art und Weise wie sie gehandhabt werden, beeinflusst. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass Unternehmen kooperatives Konfliktmanagement fördern und kompetitives Verhalten einschränken müssen.
Weiters untersucht die Forschungsarbeit wie Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien Konfliktmanagement unterstützen können. Während der Einsatz moderner Technologien eine Vielzahl potentieller Vorteile bietet, hängen ihre Auswirkungen vorwiegend von der Anwendung der Benutzer ab. In diesem Bereich wurde der größte Forschungsmangel identifiziert.
Zuletzt zeigen auch die Ergebnisse über Konfliktmanagement im internationalen Kulturumfeld, dass obwohl bestimmte Konfliktmanagementstrategien in unterschiedlichen Kulturen bevorzugt werden, eine kooperative Strategie am günstigsten für eine effektive Konfliktlösung ist.Conflicts are an inevitable part of organizational life. They permeate a multitude of processes and affect operational outcomes which makes their study important. The present research consists of a systematic literature review to explore the effects workplace conflicts have on organizations and to identify conflict solution strategies. The narrative review included 16 articles reporting findings about organizational conflicts and their management on the organizational, team or inter-personal level. The research findings help to broaden the understanding of organizational conflicts as well as their effects and suggest strategies for effective resolution.
The multifaceted qualitative investigation of organizational conflicts shows that their effects are primarily detrimental to performance and satisfaction. Positive effects are found only under certain favorable circumstances and might generate negative effects in the long-term or on another organizational level. In contrast to relationship-related or any high intensity of conflict, task-related conflict showed the highest disposition to effective resolution and features of positive effects. The effects conflicts have on organizations are greatly influenced by the way the conflicts are handled. The research results reveal that organizations need to encourage cooperative conflict management and restrain from competitive behavior.
Furthermore, the research investigates how information and communication technologies support conflict management. While the operation of modern technologies provide a number of potential benefits, their effects mainly depend on the users utilization of the tools. A lack in research is especially identified in this area.
Finally, also the results concerning conflict management in an international cultural setting show that while there is a preference for certain conflict management strategies in different cultures, a cooperative strategy is most favorable for effective resolution.Wien, Fachhochschule des BFI Wien, Masterarb., 201
Status Quo und Entwicklung der Entsorgungslogistik von Elektrogeräten durch Logistikdienstleister
No full textIn this master’s thesis the author discusses the opportunities for third party logis-tics service providers (3PL) to provide logistics services on the sector of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) in Austria. He tries to determine the major factors why it would make sense for 3PL to focus on this niche market. Therefore he gives information about the whole recycling value chain for Austrian WEEE containing information about the members on the market, the processes that have to be done and the legal restrictions. Furthermore he defines this special market for 3PL, including definitions for the supply side, the demand side and the possible competitors. Moreover he comments on how processes are already done at the moment and what motives do exist on the demand side to source these services out. The master’s thesis ends with a summary and a precise answer of the research questions.Florian GruberMasterarbeit Fachhochschule des BFI Wien 2015 Fachbereich: Transport und Verkeh