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512 research outputs found
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Assessing Determinants of Adoption Behaviour of the Cryptocurrency in Pakistan
Full text linkThis study investigates the perception of people regarding the usage of cryptocurrency since its usage has been increasing in Pakistan. The study is based on a survey questionnaire to assess the elements that impact behaviours towards the use of cryptocurrency. The gathered data was analysed using statistical package PLS-SEM. The findings of the study present a significant influence of perceived benefits, social impact, facilitating conditions and usage trustworthiness on the usage of cryptocurrency. The study also found the mediating effect of hedonic motivation and moderating effect of Innovativeness on the usage of cryptocurrency while connecting with perceived benefits, social impact, facilitating conditions and usage trustworthiness. Nevertheless, the direct impact of Risk and mediating effect of Hedonic Motivation with perceived benefits and risk were found insignificant. Statistical studies revealed many theoretical and managerial implications for further studies to improve the adoption behaviour of cryptocurrency. Examined results suggest a path for theoretical and managerial implications, suggesting to provide environment for its use in Pakistan
The Social Influence–Compulsive Buying Link: A Mediated-Moderated Model of Social Comparison and Consumer Resilience
Full text linkWith the popularity of social media, consumer behaviour has undergone a significant transformation, particularly in the fashion apparel industry. This study examines the impact of susceptibility to social influence on compulsive buying behaviour (CBB), focusing on SNS-mediated social comparison as a mediator and consumer resilience as a moderator. Utilising social comparison theory, the study posits that individuals engaging in social comparisons through SNSs develop increased desires for material possessions, fuelling compulsive buying tendencies. A quantitative approach, based on survey responses from Pakistani consumers aged 18–40, was utilised to test the hypothesis using PLS-SEM. The results reveal that while normative and informational social influences do not directly affect CBB, their effects are fully mediated by SNS-mediated social comparison. Contrary to expectations, consumer resilience does not significantly moderate the association between SNS-mediated social comparison and CBB. These findings add to the understanding of consumer behaviour of SNS users, offering theoretical and practical implications for marketers, policymakers, and mental health professionals aiming to eliminate the adverse impact of SNS-mediated social comparison on consumers\u27 CBB
Exploring Barriers, Facilitators and Stakeholders’ Perspective to the Implementation of Sustainable Health Equity: A Case of Sindh, Pakistan
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to explore the barriers, facilitators and perspectives of stakeholders to the implementation of sustainable health equity in the healthcare sector of Sindh, Pakistan. Using a qualitative approach, it study used purposive sampling. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 09 participants, including district health officers, monitoring and evaluation, physicians, and paramedical staff. The data were analyzed through a thematic analysis using NVivo. Participants had a limited understanding of sustainable health equity. Most of them believed that equity would have been achieved by meeting one of the targets of (SDG 3.8), i.e. Universal Health Coverage. The findings show that sustainable health equity in Sindh cannot be achieved through service expansion alone, but rather the progress requires equity-focused governance, inclusion of stakeholders’ views in policy formation. For these steps, financing, monitoring of services and outcomes, and political commitment are required. The study highlights that sustainable health equity can only be implemented if the stakeholders from the healthcare sector of Sindh are actively involved in policy formation. Current health equity policies should be reviewed, keeping in view the points of stakeholders. This study can support sustainable health equity policy implementation in Pakistan and offer lessons for similar healthcare system settings seeking to implement sustainable health equity
Examining the Outcomes and Challenges of the B.Ed. Program in Developing Prospective Teachers\u27 Teaching Skills for the 21st Century: A Theoretical and Practical Perspective
Full text linkThis study examines the outcomes and challenges of the B.Ed. (4 years) program in developing prospective teachers\u27 teaching skills for the 21st century. The researchers used purposive sampling techniques and selected 18 male and female university students from Makran, Balochistan, enrolled in the 8th semester. The qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings revealed that the theoretical aspect of the B.Ed. 4-year program plays a vital role in equipping future teachers with the necessary knowledge and skills to become effective teachers of the 21st century. However, the practical aspect of the program, such as the practicum, revealed a lack of ICT learning strategies to enhance the students\u27 and teachers\u27 technological competencies to understand teaching in the digital era. Moreover, the study suggested that a B.Ed. 4-year program is the essential requirement for the appointment of teachers in the teaching field, and the program should be updated with modern ICT. There should be a proper continuous professional development program for the instructors to train B.Ed. Students as an effective teacher of the 21st century
AI-Driven Personalized Learning in Entrepreneurship Education
Full text linkThis study investigates the impact of AI-driven personalized learning on entrepreneurship education outcomes, highlighting the mediating role of experience and engagement and the moderating influence of contextual factors. The study used a quantitative research design and a cross-sectional survey of 100 students in entrepreneurship programs. The study confirms that AI-driven learning significantly enhances entrepreneurial knowledge and skills. It also demonstrates that engagement mediates the relationship between personalized learning and educational outcomes, emphasizing the importance of tailored interactive content. Moderation analysis reveals that contextual factors, such as technological access and institutional support, affect engagement levels but do not significantly alter the direct relationship between personalized learning and outcomes. This research underscores the transformative potential of AI in education while addressing challenges related to equity and access. The study concludes with practical insights for educators and policymakers and calls for future research to explore longitudinal impacts and diverse educational contexts
Ebullient Leadership and Employee Happiness in Pakistan\u27s Tourism Sector: The Mediating Role of Employee Advocacy
Full text linkThis study investigates the influence of ebullient supervision, defined as positive, high-energy managerial behaviour, and job stress on employee happiness, with employee advocacy examined as a mediating construct. Grounded in Social Exchange Theory (SET), the research employs a quantitative, cross-sectional design and analyses data from frontline employees across Pakistan’s tourism industry. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) is utilised to test the proposed conceptual framework. The results demonstrate that ebullient supervision significantly enhances both employee happiness and advocacy behaviour, while job stress exerts a negative effect on happiness. Employee advocacy partially mediates the relationship between ebullient supervision and happiness, but not between job stress and happiness. These findings underscore the importance of positive supervisory practices and advocacy-driven engagement strategies in enhancing workforce well-being. The study contributes a novel leadership model to HRM literature and offers actionable insights for tourism managers aiming to foster resilient, satisfied, and productive service teams
Review of Parental Discipline Practices and Child Behavioural Outcomes in Pakistan
Full text linkThis review paper explores parental discipline practices and their influence on child behavioural outcomes in the Pakistani context, with a particular focus on urban, lower-income households. Drawing from a purposively selected body of literature, the paper synthesises evidence on both positive and harsh parenting approaches, linking them to emotional and behavioural development in children. While positive parenting, grounded in warmth and consistency, fosters resilience and pro-social behaviour, harsh methods, such as shouting and physical punishment, are strongly associated with externalising behaviours, emotional insecurity, and long-term mental health issues. The review identifies key contextual stressors, including poverty, parental mental health, and socio-cultural norms, that influence parenting styles. It also reflects on intergenerational patterns, religious and traditional influences, and the evolving role of urbanisation and global exposure in shifting parenting norms. The paper highlights effective international interventions, such as the Triple P – Positive Parenting Programme, and underscores the need for locally adapted models sensitive to cultural and socioeconomic realities. The review calls for more context-specific primary research and intervention efforts to foster emotionally supportive, non-violent parenting practices that can positively shape children’s developmental trajectories in Pakistan
Effect of Simulation-Based and Demonstration-Based Teaching on Students\u27 Confidence
Full text linkDemonstration-based teaching (DBT) is based on the notion that instructors perform procedures, and students observe them so that they can practice and implement them. Simulation-based Education (SBE) offers realistic clinical scenarios using manikins and standardized patients, allowing practice in a controlled environment that heightens their confidence. To compare the effectiveness of SBE and DBT on nursing students\u27 confidence level score while performing a specific skill, the quasi-experimental post-test design was applied to two non-randomized groups comprising BSN students. A proportional purposive sampling technique was used. A structured questionnaire adapted from Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale was used to measure confidence. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: demographic information and confidence assessment items. Simple descriptive statistics were calculated to compare both groups\u27 mean, median, and standard deviation of confidence level scores. Nursing students taught through SB showed higher confidence than those taught through DBT, with less response variability. This indicates that simulation offers a more consistent experience. Simulation is an interactive technique that promotes greater engagement, transforms into more uniform learning, and improves nursing students\u27 confidence in abdominal health assessment
Cluster School System: Understanding Barriers and Uptake of Effective Education in Rural Areas of Pakistan
Full text linkThis study examines the barriers and uptake of the cluster school system in remote areas of Taluka Kingri, District Khairpur Mir, Sindh, Pakistan. The cluster-based schooling, which groups geographically nearby schools to foster collaboration, shared resources, and decentralised decision-making, is a feasible system to uplift educational outcomes in resource-constrained settings. Using a qualitative case study method, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight participants from the Ahmedpur cluster hub school. Using Thematic Analysis, key areas were found, including rural educators\u27 professional development, collaboration, resource availability, stakeholders\u27 engagement, and educational needs of the 21st century. While respondents highlighted many barriers such as limited infrastructure, lack of resources, poor policy implementation, gender inequalities, travel difficulties, especially for female educators in remote areas and local political interferences. The respondents recommended that this system align with 21st-century educational goals. The Sindh government needs to implement a Clear policy and provide proper resources
Discursive Constructions in Macbeth: A Systemic-Functional Contribution to English Language Teaching
Full text linkLiterary texts invite close attention to how language constructs meaning and guides interpretation. This study explores the representation of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in Shakespeare’s Macbeth through the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics, with particular focus on the Attitude subsystem of Appraisal Theory. By analysing selected passages from Acts I and V, the research traces how evaluative language shapes the characters’ portrayal at decisive points in the play. The analysis reveals that Macbeth’s progression from admired warrior to tyrant, and Lady Macbeth’s shift from resolute instigator to guilt-ridden figure, are realised through distinct evaluative choices. These findings highlight the value of literature as a resource for English language teaching, not merely as cultural content but as a site of linguistic meaning-making. Approaching literary discourse in this way supports the integration of literary and linguistic literacy, enabling learners to develop both critical interpretive skills and greater sensitivity to language in use