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Interleukin-6 Biomarker as Possible Predicator of Preeclampsia
Get PDFPreeclampsia (PE) is a serious illness that can harm both mothers and unborn children and may even be fatal. It contributes significantly to maternal fatalities in underdeveloped countries. PE, which affects 2%–3% of women who are pregnant after 20 weeks of pregnancy, is marked by proteinuria and hypertension. PE is a significant condition that plays a significant role in maternal fatalities in underdeveloped countries and is a significant cause of death for both mothers and newborns. Each year, around 60,000 maternal fatalities occur in the world. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured in pregnant women during the first trimester and second trimesters. IL-6 was necessary to establish serum biomarkers that can accurately predict the onset of preeclampsia. In a prospective cohort study that was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department and Antenatal Care Unit at Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in AL-Diwaniyah – Iraq, 160 pregnant patients between the years of 20 and 40 who were normotensive and had gestational ages of 10 to 13 weeks were included in this research between August 2021 and May 2022. Bioassays for IL-6 were conducted after blood samples were obtained. At the end of the study, it was confirmed that for women with pre-eclampsia (n = 33, 22.0%) and those women with no pre-eclampsia (n = 117, 78.0 %), there was no significant difference in the level between the preeclampsia and no preeclampsia group (p > 0.05)
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Migrant and Ethnic Malay Marginalization in Tanjung Putus Village, Langkat Regency, Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to describe the migration of migrants to Tanjung Putus Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province which has an impact on the marginalization of the indigenous population. The local government seems to support the marginalization of the indigenous people, namely, Malays who come from the coast of Sumatra. This study uses ethnographic research, meaning that the researcher will act as an anthropologist to find and describe the factors of migration and the efforts of the Malay community to maintain their identity. Data was collected by means of observation, interview data and document study. The implication of marginalization is that there are differences in rights and obligations that are socially formed. The process of marginalization of ethnic Malays forms social patterns which are manifested in the attitudes and behaviors they embody in their daily lives and these conditions will be very vulnerable to conflict
Leadership Behaviour in Initiating and Managing Organizational Change Evidence from Poultry Cooperatives, a Rural Enterprise of Jharkhand, India
Get PDFThe study was done to look into different organizational change models and leadership behaviours in the change process. The case of poultry cooperatives of Jharkhand India was studied to look into the aspects of initiating and managing the organizational change process. A mixed approach of literature review and mapping behavioural aspects through unstructured interviews with the group of leaders and managers was done. The exploratory study helped find the crucial behaviours and role play by the governing board members and managers of the case cooperatives in organizational change management. Further research is needed to establish the leader’s behavioural contribution in collective enterprises run by the rural community of India. The study provides ample opportunity to do a detailed study of the subject matter
Measuring University Students’ Satisfaction Level on their Courses Experiences
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to determine how satisfied students are with the course experiences provided by the learning facilities in Pakistani universities. This study looks into the factors of what they think is important for their learning environment, because students are the key stakeholders of the learning and education system. On the other hand, the missionary objectives of any university is to provide quality education and produce better alumni, because students’ achievements not only contribute to their scholastic development, but also build the reputation of an institution. Therefore, to measure the students’ satisfaction level of their course experiences, a self-structured survey questionnaire was used to collect the required data from students of different departments. A number of 141 master’s level students were identified from a local university. The data illustrated that the students’ satisfaction level in the provision of courses was low on given choices, like motivational characteristics, ICT application, and life-long learning skills; moderately satisfied for development of analytical and reflective thinking skills; and high level of satisfaction on all these elements except choices that have been reported of low importance
Cybercrimes and Role of Law Enforcement Agencies: A Critical Analysis
Get PDFCybercrimes and the role of law enforcement agencies are important. In print and electronic media, we are intimated that real offenders are being acquitted from the courts and FIA (law enforcement institutions) not playing a vital role along with criticism on the criminal justice system in Pakistan. The paper highlights the flaws which are hindrances in the conviction of real offenders. This study is beneficial to point out the causes of lacking confidence of the public at large and that of gaining its confidence in the system of Pakistan regarding awarding sentences to criminals. The role the FIA investigation agency in the criminal justice system is not a fairy tale, but one needs utmost struggle to obtain the desired results to provide justice in the society to achieve the herculean task of peace. The search of further efforts are needed to obtain the desired results as the significance of the study
US, Israel and Iran Perspectives on Enforceability of Contract of Surrogacy: Time to Enforce Surrogacy Contracts in Pakistan
Get PDFThe research article with comparative surveys of US, Israel and Iran discusses that the Pakistani courts’ judicial approach requires an adjustment towards the enforcement of surrogacy contract as the grounds to assume the surrogacy and its contract invalid does not sit well with Contract Act 1872, Constitutions of Pakistan and International Human Rights Laws. The qualitative research approach has been utilized in this paper. The article concludes that the Pakistani judicial approach needs reforms to formalize and ascertain the enforceability of surrogacy contracts in alignments with the international standards. This will help the courts to evaluate the enforceability of surrogacy contracts on the basis of the “best interest of the surrogate child.
Impact of Business and Management Studies on Students’ Intentions to Become an Entrepreneur
Get PDFEntrepreneurship has been considered a way to enhance economic welfare and to provide employment opportunities. Entrepreneurial studies help in polishing the entrepreneurial skills. However, there is a need to understand which factors affect students’ perceptions of becoming entrepreneurs and the relationship between their entrepreneurial education and their attitudes (or intentions) towards entrepreneurship. Some of the students start their business studies without any intentions of becoming entrepreneurs while others do so to become entrepreneurs. They want to start their own business may be because they have a family business background or because of other intrinsic or extrinsic interests. This paper seeks to contribute towards finding whether obtaining a degree in business education affects students’ attitudes and subjective norms (the perceived social pressure to engage or not to engage in a behavior) about entrepreneurship, and whether these, in turn affect their motivation towards becoming an entrepreneur or not. In doing so, it enhances the understanding of how education can affect students’ attitudes toward entrepreneurship, specifically in Peshawar. This study was carried out by employing a quantitative approach i.e. an OLS regression model. TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior) and EES (Entrepreneurial Event Model) were used to check the intentions and behavior of students towards entrepreneurship. For this purpose, the final year students of BBA (Bachelor in Business Administration) and MBA (Master in Business Administration) are selected at random from Institute of Management Studies (University of Peshawar) and Institute of Management Sciences. The analysis of results showed that there is a positive relationship between entrepreneurial studies and intentions to become an entrepreneur, and that these two variables are more important than the others.
An Exploratory Study on Recent Inclusive Approach under MGNREGSforUnderprivileged Women, Tribal Community & Smallholders Becoming Self-reliant (Atmanirbhar) in Jharkhand State in India.
Get PDFMGNREGA enacted in 2005 as a social safety net based on right based framework to provide unskilled wages and employment to the needy households has gradually incorporated innovative schemes for creation of long-term durable assets to enhance the livelihoods of the participating households and making them self-reliant. This paper attempts to explore the impact of Horticulture initiative on small holders, underprivileged women & tribal households, which was initiated by Government of Jharkhand in 2016. The secondary data was accessed from the official website of MGNREGA for further analysis. A questionnaire-based interview of sampled beneficiaries of Horticulture Scheme from two Districts of South Chhotanagpur division of Jharkhand was administered for primary information. Case studies have been incorporated for creating support evidence for the study. The study reveals that the Horticulture Scheme under MGNREGA, “Birsa Munda Baagwani Yojana” (BMBY) has significant impact on the life of unskilled workers who became the beneficiaries of this scheme. Inclusion of scheduled tribe and schedule caste to this scheme is significant. It has accommodated the marginal landholding households to be the beneficiaries. Provision of associated training and support from NGOs, CBOs and administration have increased the coverage and inclusion of the marginal section and also ensured the technical assistance to most of the beneficiaries.
Teachers’ and Parents’ Views on the Excessive Use of Technology During COVID by Primary Level Students
Get PDFThe widespread COVID 19 pandemic has affected learning and development of students at all ages and the sudden closure of schools has led to the new experience of online learning during this period. The study aimed to explore the perceptions and challenges faced by the teachers and parents of primary students regarding excessive use of technology during online learning. A qualitative approach using an exploratory method was applied to collect the data by deploying self-developed semi-structured interview protocols to collect the data. Three major themes emerged after the data analysis: (a) the debate on online classes versus physical classes; (b) the negative impact of technology on the development of children; and (c) appropriateness of online learning for young learners. The data illustrated that teachers and parents of primary students are not satisfied during online learning because of the adverse effect of technology on the learning and development of young learners. Hence, it is recommended that alternatives should be suggested by the school authorities and government, so that their learning and development are not hampered by the use of technology