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Antecedents of Counterproductive Behaviour: A Study of Federal Semi Government Universities in Pakistan
Get PDFCounter-productive behaviour is believed to be having a significant impact on organizational performance. This study aimed find how interpersonal aggression, presentism, and perceived organizational politics impact employees’ counter-productive behaviour in an organization. Using quantitative survey method, the data was collected via Google docs having 5 points likert scale from employees currently serving in the armed forces universities in the federal territory, Islamabad. Regression statistical technique was employed to test the hypothesis whether the chosen variables affected the employees’ counter-productive behaviour in the selected universities. The results showed that interpersonal aggression, presentism, and perceived organizational politics do not have impact on the counter-productive behaviour of employees in the armed forces universities. The study indicates the presence of lesser counterproductive behaviour in armed forces universities of Pakistan. Non-armed forces universities in Pakistan are recommended to adopt a unique style of management armed forces universities to liberate the counterproductive behaviour of employees
Teachers’ Aggression: Empirical Investigation from Students
Get PDFThis study investigates the profound impact of aggressive behaviour on students by a teacher and what were the long-term effects the victims suffered in their life due to a teacher’s aggressive action in that particular period. This study aims to understand the need to treat students with dignity and concern for the issues they face during their studies. There is no doubt that teachers create the mindset of an individual through which they choose the direction of their goals. Therefore, it’s crucial to realize what disaster a teacher can bring to an individual’s life while adopting aggressive behaviour. This has not just ruined the teaching profession’s image in students’ mind, but has also put a question mark on the dedication of teachers towards their teaching practices in their classrooms. In a country like Pakistan, physical, verbal, emotional, and mental violence has been part of the classrooms. Purposive sampling was used to collect data from 115 university students through a closed-ended self-developed questionnaire. In this study, the student’s point of view was the center of focus and how their life got affected due to a teacher’s disrespectful behaviour termed as their ‘Aggressive Nature’ that disturbed their personality development and created hurdle to achieve success in their life
Highly Cited Publications in WoS, Biomedical Engineering in Science Citation Index Expanded: A Bibliometric Analysis
Get PDFIdentified and analyzed highly cited publications in the Web of Science category of biomedical engineering in the last three decades were investigated. Documents that have been cited more than 100 times from Web of Science Core Collection since publication year to the end of 2020 were defined as highly cited publications. The analyzed aspects covered document types, distribution of annual production and its citations per publication, journals, countries, institutes, authors, and the top cited articles. Publication performance of countries and institutions were evaluated by six publication indicators. Y-index was applied to evaluate authors’ publication potential and their publication characteristics. Citation indicators including total citation and citations in 2020 were used to compare the most frequently cited articles. Results shows that most highly cited papers were published in journals with high impact factors. The USA dominated the six publication indicators. The G7 were ranked in the top ten productive countries. Eight of the top ten productive institutes were all located in USA. Results from Y-index shows that highly cited authors had higher proportion of corresponding-author articles and first-author articles. The article by Kokubo and Takadama in 2006 was the most frequently cited and the article by Litjens et al. in 2017 was the most impactful in 2020
Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Gallstone Disease: A Brief Review
Get PDFGallstone disease is a gastrointestinal disease that results from the dysfunction of cholesterol, bile, and bilirubin metabolism. Gallstones in the gallbladder are common and form through cholelithiasis. They can also grow in biliary ducts through choledocholithiasis. In industrial countries, gallstone disease has increased in prevalence and affects up to 20% of the adult population. Its major risk factors are female gender, age, obesity, type 2 diabetes, rapid weight loss, physical inactivity, and genetic traits. Various systems for gallstone classification are available. Gallstones are classified as cholesterol, pigmented, and mixed gallstones in accordance with their chemical composition. Gallstone disease is either asymptomatic or has symptoms that manifest as pain in the right upper part of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice. The pathogenesis of this disease is related to the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, which include hepatic cholesterol hypersecretion, bile supersaturation, mucin, inflammatory changes, intestinal hypomotility, intestinal cholesterol hyperabsorption, and gut microbe alterations. The major genetic factors of this disease are the mutations in the hepatic cholesterol transporter ABCC8 and the cholecystokinin a receptor gene. Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of developing gallstone disease. The standard diagnostic method for gallstone disease is ultrasound imaging. Medical treatment involves the administration of bile acid drugs and/or cholecystectomy
Synthesis, Characterization and Analytical Studies of Three Newly Schiff Bases As A New Anti-Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7)
Get PDFIn this study, 2,5-dimethyl-4-((4-nitrobenzylidene) amino) phenol (A1), N,N\u27-([1,1\u27-biphenyl]-4,4\u27-diyl)bis(1-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanimine (A2) and 4,4\u27-(([1,1\u27-biphenyl]-4,4\u27-diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis (methaneylylidene))bis(2-methoxyphenol) (A3) were synthesised. Analytical studies were then carried on (A1), (A2) and (A3); the results of the solvent effect were displayed that the best solubility was in ethanol and DMSO of each, which is due to the fact that the effect of the dielectric constant is the main factor that can control the shift of the absorption beaks. The results were also indicated, that there is a slight deviation from the linear relationship in (A3) that may have related to the hydrogen bond between this base and the solvent. However, the results of the pH effect of (A1), (A2) and (A3) in a range of buffer solution were gave two isopiestic points just in (A3). Due to the ionization constant (pKa) and the protonation constant (pKp) were calculated by using the half height method. Further, the results were indicated the existence of the equilibrium schemes of which displays the suggested ionization of (A3) in acidic and basic medium. Further, the effect of the prepared Schiff bases (A1, A2, and A3) were studied on breast cancer cells type MCF-7 using five different concentrations of each. The results were showed high inhibition activities of each especially at high concentration, due recommend these bases as novel anti-cancer drugs
Biochemical Study of Some New Cephems and Selenacephems Based on 6H-1,3-Thiazines and 6H-1,3-selenazines
Get PDFSeveral new and know 6-(4-substituted phenyl)-4-(4-substituted phenyl)-2-phenyl-6H-1,3-thiazine (or selenazine) (Z4B7, Z4D5, Z4B7\u27 and Z4D5\u27) were prepared by the 1,4-Michael addition reaction of chalcone derivatives with thiobenzamide or phenylselenocarboxamide in basic medium (where the chalcones was formed by Claisen-Schimidt condensation of aromatic aldehydes with 4-substituted acetophenone in presence of sodium hydroxide). These 6H-1,3-thia- or selenazine were used to a new series of cephem and selenacephem compounds (i.e. 7-chloro-4-(4-substituted phenyl)-2-(4-substituted phenyl)-6-phenyl-5-thia (or 5-selena)-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-8-one; AZ4B7, AZ4D5, AZ4B7\u27 and AZ4D5\u27). All new compound derivatives were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. The toxicity of new compounds was assayed via the determination of their LD50 value by using Dixon\u27s up and down method. The antibacterial activity of cephem and selenacephem compounds were tested in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, the antioxidant, anticancer and DNA cleavage efficiency of compounds were evaluated
A Review on Antibiotic Resistance in Microorganisms
Get PDFAntibiotic resistance occurs when microorganisms develop mechanisms that protect them from the effects of antibiotics. Resistant microorganisms are more difficult to treat, require higher doses or alternative therapies may be more toxic, as well as more expensive. Microorganisms that are able to resist many antibiotics are called multi-resistant. All kinds of microorganisms can develop this ability to resist; Fungi develop resistance against antifungals, viruses develop resistance against antivirals, protozoa develop resistance against protozoa, and bacteria develop resistance against antibiotics. Resistance arose naturally either through genetic mutations or through the transmission of resistance from one sex that has acquired it to another that has not yet acquired it, in particular. Accordingly, it is urgent to reduce the misuse of antibiotics by not using them only when they are really needed
Effect of Some Ecological Factors on Occurrence of Yeasts in Soil and Sediment from Iraq
Get PDFSoil is one of the favorable habitat for microorganism. It considered being the home of wide range of them in particularly, bacteria and fungi. Southern Iraq is characterized by a multiplicity of ecosystem, which include desert, agricultural and marine areas, each of which has special composition that differs from the neighboring system, whether in terms of vegetation or various environmental factors. This in diversity, in turn, may lead to microbial diversity that can be used in different biotechnologies. Regarding that little is known about yeast diversity in such habitats, and therefore the current study aims to assess the yeast community in soil and sediments samples from Basrah and Dhi-Qar provinces, Southern Iraq. Thirty-one species belong to 19 genera were encountered. The isolated species consist of 16 species of Ascomycota and 15 species of Basidiomycota. The soil of Basrah and Dhi-Qar support the growth of diverse species belonged to the genera Aureobasidium, Cutaneotrichosporon, Debaryomyces, Filobasidium Geotrichum, Hanseniaspora, Lodderomyces, Meyerozyma, Symmetrospora, Torulaspora, Vishniacozyma, Pichia, Yarrowia, Cystobasidium, Galactomyces, Rhodotorula, Wickerhamomyces, Candida and Naganishia. One hundred and twelve fungal isolates were identified using the conventional methods depending on morphological characteristics. CHROMagar candida was used as differential culture medium. Iodine stain was used to differentiate ascospores and basidiospores. In addition biochemical method represented by VITEK was used as well as molecular identification. This study represents the first report of occurrence of yeast species in soil and surface sediment samples from Basrah and Dhi-Qar provinces, Southern, Iraq, with effect of some ecological factors on isolation yeast from different location
Recent Developments of Stetter Reaction: A Brief Review
Get PDFIn this short review definition, mechanism, and recent developments of the Stetter reaction, in the period last ten years from 2011 to 2021 are presented. This reaction comprises N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed umpolung of aldehydes followed by their capturing with activated carbon-carbon double bonds (Michael acceptors). This work includes also progresses in the inter-molecular and intra-molecular versions and enantioselective transformations. Underscoring the recent advances in the applications of Stetter reaction in the synthesis of various heterocyclic systems and total synthesis of natural products have been also introduced
Human Skin Infection: A Review Study
Get PDFAll across the world, skin diseases are rather frequent. The likelihood of pediculosis capitis (0.2-35 percent, 6.9-35 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa in addition to other parts of South Africa. ), pyoderma (prevalence range 0.2-35 percent, 6.9–35% in Sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of South Africa, tinea capitis (1–19.7%), scabies (0.2–24%, 1.3–17% in Sub-Saharan Africa), and viral skin illnesses (0.4–9%, mainly molluscum contagiosum,0-57 percent). A bacterial skin infection is the most frequent kind of skin infection. Numerous bacterial skin infections have been linked to necrotizing fasciitis, scarlet fever, erysipelas, erythrasma, abscesses, folliculitis, furunculosis, and impetigo. Additionally, ecthyma, furunculosis, and mycobacterium skin disorders are covered in this review. Recent studies have revealed modifications in the causes and remedies of bacterial skin infections. In the United States, the prevalence of MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is rising