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Paragraph Organization Errors in the Writing of Pakistani College-Going Students: An Error Analysis Study
Get PDFWriting something worthy of reading in a foreign language is a challenging task. Students learning English as a foreign or a second language suffer most in writing especially in paragraph writing. Although studies have been conducted to explore language errors in English composition of Pakistani students, paragraph organization errors have received little attention. Therefore, this study investigated errors in the unity, development, and coherence in the paragraphs written by Pakistani college students. Besides, the study also explored the factors that cause errors in the paragraphs. In this regard, writing samples of purposively selected 20 college participants were analyzed using error analysis classification by Liu and Wang (2011). Thereafter, five participants were interviewed individually through semi-structured interviews to explore factors that cause errors in the paragraphs of college students. The findings revealed that the students made most errors in paragraph unity, followed by paragraph development, and then paragraph coherence. Besides, the thematic analysis of the interviews revealed that cramming culture, excessive attention given to grammar and lack of quality feedback were the key factors that had affected the paragraph organization skills of these students. The study discusses implications for students and teachers
Pre-Appointment Leadership Training: Need for Survival of Novice School Leaders
Get PDFThis study aims to find out the effectiveness of pre-appointment leadership-focused training for newly appointed school leaders. It also aims to highlight the challenges faced by the novice leaders. School plays a vital role in the development of a nation. Therefore, it is imperative to the study of those who are responsible to lead the schools. The constant questions on the effectiveness of the public schools in Karachi have sown the seed for this study whereby it attempts to explore the school leadership preparedness of the school leaders who take the important position as part of step-up transition. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with sample size of 20 school heads through purposive and snowball sampling. The research findings reveal the absence of pre-appointment leadership training, compromised in-service training and the challenges faced by the novice school leaders. The research findings provide a strong standing for establishing the need of pre-appointment training for school leaders in the public schools of Karachi. The study put forward the insights to those who become school heads and may assist in understanding the complication of the career transition and enable to deal with it suitably in their own context
Investigation of Tritrichomonas Foetus in Cattle Using Different Methods in Basrah City – Iraq
Get PDFTritrichomonas foetus causes a venereal disease in cattle called bovine trichomoniasis. T. foetus lives in the reproductive tract of the cow, the surface of the penis and prepuce of the bull and causing early fetal loss and sometimes late term abortions. It can also extend breeding / calving season. In this study, 155 cows of different ages (2-6 years old) and with a variety of clinical signs (repeat breeders, abortions, and discharge only) were examined from different areas in Basrah Province, Iraq from November 2020 to July 2021, and 75 samples collected from healthy animals (without any symptom). The infection rate was detected in wet mount techniques found fewer positive findings than in pouch techniques, with 12 (40%) recorded and in pouch systems, 30 (100%) recorded while in the culture 24(80 %), Giemsa-stained smears 19(63.3%) and Acridine orange was 20 (66.6%). The present study improved that cows more than three years are more susceptible to be infected than cows less than three years. The study concluded that if no control method is applied in Basrah, there is a serious risk of spreading Trichomonas foetus
A Review of General Properties of Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria)
Get PDFCyanobacteria are a photosynthetic Gram-negative bacteria that found in all habitat and usually in water. About two-thirds of the species studied are able to fix nitrogen, and thus participate in the nitrogen cycle. Cyanobacteria contain three pigments, green, blue and red. The green pigment is chlorophyll and helps it in photosynthesis. The blue dye is what gives it the blue colour, and the reason for that is due to the abundance of blue dye inside it. As for the red pigment, it is beta-carotene, so we infer its presence from the flamingo bird. When the flamingo drinks water, cyanobacteria enter its body, and the pink colour appears on some parts of its body. Cyanobacteria are currently considered a group of germs, so they are also called cyanobacteria. It has been completely shown that they are not closely related to plants, as they are not related to plants in any way (contrary to what was expected), nor to fungi or animals. Cyanobacteria are a variety of Gram-positive bacteria present in a range of different environmental locations such as soil, vegetables, sewage, skin and skin blotches. Some such as Corynebacterium diphtheriae are pathogens while others such as Corynebacterium glutamicum are of enormous industrial importance. C. glutamicum is a biotechnologically important bacterium with an annual production of more than two tons of the amino acids Polycomb group and lysine
Remdesivir: Identification, Determination and Spectral Study
Get PDFCorona viruses resist many antiviral agents which reduces the antiviral therapies. Remdesivir is an antiviral drug efficient against single-stranded RNA viruses. Analytical determinations of this drug are very benefit in selecting the correct dose and getting real information and formulas of this compound. In this work, remdesivir has been identified at 239 nm in aqueous alkaline (1M NaOH), at 245 nm in ethanol, and at 246 nm. in methanol, it has also been followed at 239 nm using the alkaline medium and determined in injection, the linearity range was from 1to 60 µg/ml with molar absorptivity 2.036×104 l.mol-1.cm-1, and Sandell’s sensitivity index is 0.0295 µg.cm-2, LOD is 0.2613 and LOQ is 0.871 µg/mL. I. R spectrum of solid remdesivir shows band at 1639.96 cm -1 due to the carbonyl group and at 3350.79 cm-1refer to the hydroxy group adjacent to NH2 group which appears at about 3300 cm-1, the aromatic was identified at 1660-2000 cm-1 and C-O of ester at 1153cm-1. These bands in the alkaline medium were slightly shifted to be 1637 cm -1 due to carbonyl group and at 3318 cm-1refer to hydroxy group adjacent to NH2 group which appeared at about 3264 cm-1, the aromatic was identified at 2131 cm-1, and C-O of ester at 1379cm-1
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): Clinical Characteristics, Drugs, Assessment, and Disease Subtypes
Get PDFJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a common type of arthritis in children and adolescents. This observational study was conducted in Baghdad (2019–2021). Records of JIA patients (n = 66) were documented from the teaching hospital in Al-Rusafa and Kadhimiya teaching hospital in Al-Karkh. JIA was categorised into 5 groups: Oligo JIA-Extended (OJIA-E) (n=16), OJIA-Persistence (OJIA-P) (n=15), Poly JIA (PJIA) (n=29), Systemic JIA (SJIA) (n=3), and Enthesitis-related Arthritis (ERA) (n=4). The Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score-27 (JADAS 27) was used to measure disease activity for several months. JIA distribution in males and females (45.5% and 54.5%), respectively. The highest frequency of JIA type was observed in the age group 1-4 years with Oligo P (75%). Positive ANA test cases were found in 4 cases only. Four types of drugs and three types of biological drugs were found to be used to treat JIA. JADAS ranged from (8.1±5.7) to (19.4±8.6) with significant differences (p<0.05). Significant differences were noticed among the types of JIA in some blood tests and liver enzymes. The incidence of JIA decreased from 0.10/ 100000 to 0.005/ 100000. JIA with MTX, DMARDS duration, Steroid dosage, and JADAS all showed significant differences. There were no discernible differences in JIA with age, gender, disease duration, quantity of DMARDS, and blood tests
E-Voting through Smartphone’s: Possibilities and challenges A Study of India
Get PDFVoting is the single most important source of power in democracies. Every citizen in the country is given the opportunity to exercise their right to vote. Voting via mobile devices has the most promising future in terms of applications in the real world. Fingerprints, thanks to their singularity and stability throughout the course of time, have been utilised for the purposes of identification and authentication. M-voting, which allows citizens of a country to cast their ballots without physically going to a polling location, is a subset of electronic voting and is not intended to replace it. There is a description of a database that contains not just all of the names of voters but also all of the information that pertains to those voters. M-voting is a practical replacement for e-government, particularly in countries like India, where the percentage of people who own personal computers and who use the internet is about equivalent to the percentage of people who possess mobile phones. Because of this, m-voting enables individuals to cast their ballots from a distance, which has the potential to cut down on absenteeism. The purpose of this piece of writing is to investigate mobile voting in India from both a positive and negative perspective
Use of We in Writing
Get PDFPronouns are few and fixed, but used frequently in language and their forms and functions have been reviewed in the past. The qualitative study theoretically underpinned by various linguistic philosophers is a teacher’s reflection about the use of English pronoun we in ninety-six extended written responses of English language learners studying two disciplines of knowledge in a public institution of higher education in Karachi. The data were collected from ninety-six participants in 2018, analyzed in 2019 and drafted in 2020. The occurrence of the royal we in the sentences of the participants was reportedly too low to connect it with exclusive-we. However, its deictic use was a frequent representation of togetherness. The study’s usefulness lies with further investigations into this linguistic behavior of the pronoun among its users
Barriers to Career Advancement Opportunities for Female Faculty: A Study of Public and Private Universities in Pakistan
Get PDFThe present research study was conducted to explore the barriers and issues of inequality experienced by female faculty members at their workplace and how they dealt with them. The study employed purposive and referral sampling techniques to conduct in-depth-interviews with 20 female faculty members working at public and private universities of Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 12 open ended questions were asked from individual participants, both in person and on call. Each interview was 40 to 60 minutes long. The data were analysed through thematic analyses by identifying the initial codes, categorizing and analysing the themes, and finalizing the results. The findings of the study show lack of family support, traditional culture, and gender stereotype as the major barriers in females’ career advancement. The study ends with recommendations to plugin these barriers by creating equal opportunities for working women
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Stress level of University Students: An Empirical Investigation
Get PDFPakistan is a country that is facing different issues and trying to stand on its own feet. COVID-19 has made things worse for the citizens economically, politically, and psychologically. Therefore, the study focused on the stress level of university students, the education sector was poorly affected by the lockdown, and more stress can be seen in university students. The study aims to describe the development and validation of the 6-item COVID-19 and develop it with the Student Stress Questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed and validated with 411 Pakistani university students. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted, suggesting a two-component solution confirmed by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The study measure COVID-19 students’ stressors related to (1) Academic performance and (2) Stress-related to Education. The study provided a brief, valid and reliable measure to evaluate perceived stress to be used for thoughtful the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown