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Determination of Boron Concentration in Water Samples Using the Carmine Method
Get PDFHazardous nonpathogenic contaminants, which are commonly found everywhere throughout the world in the waterways from which drinking water is derived, may pose serious health issues, hence it is important to assess the amount of Boron,(), in water samples in the Al-Zubair area of Iraq. The water samples were collected from 13 different locations, and the measurements were conducted using the Carmine approach to look at them. Boron levels in the water samples analyzed ranged from Hayy Al-Asra 4.21 mg/L to Al-Moallemen District 0.88 mg/L. The results are presented and contrasted with those from other studies. The research might be used to help in the case of contamination and to aid in the establishment of water quality standards by the relevant authorities to protect the public\u27s drinking water sources from radioactive contamination. The study also demonstrates that 13 surface water samples\u27 boron concentrations are below the limit of detection. The drinking water sources in this area include naturally occurring boron. There might soon be major boron pollution concerns as a result
National Health Insurance Fund in the Informal Sector: Challenges and Constraints Experience from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Get PDFThis qualitative research and interpretative paradigm study investigated the challenges and constraints of the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) inclusion of the informal sector in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Sixteen respondents were involved in this study through an in-depth interview as a primary method of data collection. Content and thematic analysis were used to draw themes from data. Findings revealed that the operation of the NHIF in the informal sector is facing challenges such as a lack of information about health insurance; the packages attract sicker than healthy individuals and informal social protection attracts individuals more than NHIF. Furthermore, the study revealed that the implementation of the NHIF in the informal sector is constrained by the limitation of other family members, waiting time after joining the NHIF, limited services to the first-year members, and the exclusion of people above 59 years in special insurance packages. The study concludes that the inclusion of the informal sector in the NHIF packages is experiencing challenges and constraints, areas that need to be addressed for the successful widening of the coverage. The study recommends that NHIF should expand its coverage to promote universal health coverage and enhance sustainable development goal number three
The Effects of Blogging on Vocabulary and Language in Learning Writing Skill at Intermediate Level
Get PDFThe present study measured the effects of blogging on enhancing the English writing performance of intermediate learners in terms of language and vocabulary in the writing skill. The researcher used a pre-test and post-test true experimental design for the present study. For this purpose, the researcher got prior permission from the head of the concerned college and took a pre-test from 68 intermediate part-2 students. The aim of the pretest was to assess the levels of learners’ writing in the English language in terms of language and vocabulary. To achieve the research objectives and test the null hypotheses, an independent sample t-test was applied to get the mean difference between the post-test scores of the two groups. The mean scores and significant difference between blogging and pen-and-paper groups on the variable of pre and post-test scores were tested at the significant level of 0.05. The salient differences of blogging were multiple; speedy, anywhere, anytime feedback from teachers and bloggers, and peer review at their convenience. Study findings indicated that the blogging effect was significant in enhancing the writing performance with respect to language and vocabulary of text writing. It was also found that technology-based internet writing, peer review, peer feedback, and anywhere-anytime learning via blogging were more effective as compared to traditional pen-and-paper writing
Analyzing Language Assessment from the Cognitive Lens
Get PDFThis study examined the alignment of cognitive stages in English exam items from the tenth grade, administered by the Mirpur Khas Board. Analyzing the items related to lower-order-thinking-skills (L-O-T-S) and higher-order-thinking-skills (H-O-T-S) was the objective in more detail. In this regard, 224 items from English test papers spanning 2015 to 2019 were examined, and their reflections were compared to the degrees of cognition (remember, comprehend, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create). A reiterative process was adopted to complete item analysis in two parallel phases—first, studying all cognitive levels thoroughly, understanding the denotation and connotation of each action verb; second, discerning the sense for items to elicit meaning, and matching it with the corresponding action verb of the cognitive level. The data collection tool comprised an observation checklist that was validated after piloting. All items were read and re-read, marked in the checklist, transferred on an Excel Sheet, computed for categories under corresponding cognitive levels, and tabulated for appraising yearly standing. The findings indicate the disproportionate distribution of cognition levels: remember (67%), understand (10%), apply (18%), create (4.46%), evaluate (0.45%), and total absence of analysis. Moreover, the L-O-T-S received more predominance than the H-O-T-S in the exam items. These findings raise questions over the authenticity of summative assessment, and necessitate professional item-development training in language teaching for the item-developers, to ensure effective teaching and learning outcomes. The findings suggest teachers practice higher cognitive levels in the formative assessment. Future studies may consider an inquiry into other disciplines, and contexts to test the quality of assessment of exam paper items
Impact of Participative Leadership on Employee Retention: Mediating Role of Co-workers and Supervisors Relationship
Get PDFThe relationship between the leaders and subordinates plays a crucial role in a leaving or staying in the organization. This study will assess the impact of participative leadership, Supervisor relationships, and Co-workers on Employee retention. The mediation effect of Supervisor relations and Co-worker relationships is to be checked. This research study focuses on the banking sector and follows explanatory research using a quantitative method to investigate the core reason/issues that occurred between the supervisor and co-worker relationship and the role of higher management to create a positive relationship between them. Hayes process was used for data analysis. Sample size was 250 and the Convenience sampling method was applied. An online survey of questionnaire was conducted for data collection. Results shows that Participative Leadership, Supervisor relationship have a significant effect on Employee retention whereas Participative leader affects Co-worker relationship and Supervisor relationship. However, Co-worker relationship impact is insignificant on Employee retention. The mediation effect of Supervisor relationship is significant, and Co-worker is insignificant
The Effect of Career- Family Priorities on Life Stress and Job Involvement Service
Get PDFThis study aimed to investigate how career-family objectives affect life stress, job engagement, service efficacy, and career prospects. This study used Quantitative Exploratory Research method. Using self-administrative survey - as the main method of data gathering - was used to gather data from employees currently serving in private sector organizations in Pakistan. The findings determined that Career-Family priorities are essential for accomplishing strategic objectives. To reduce stress in the workplace by ensuring that employees are happy with their employment and have a pleasant atmosphere to work in. To keep employees, the company should offer those benefits and compensation that are competitive. Additionally, the Supervisor\u27s upbeat demeanour is crucial. The majority of the time, irrelevant job duties create barriers for priorities related to career and family. Designing appropriate and pertinent job involvement is the main task of HRM. Organizations that have healthy internal politics are better able to retain employees over the long run
An Investigative Analysis of Volatility in the Cryptocurrency Market
Get PDFThe growing global fascination with cryptocurrencies has sparked heightened interest, driven by their pronounced market volatility. This particular study endeavors to assess the risk and rewards associated with four prominent cryptocurrencies, while also delving into an examination of their interrelationships and fluctuation patterns. The investigation is based on daily closing prices spanning from January 1, 2017, to June 30, 2022. To unravel the spillover and asymmetrical repercussions of volatility, we employ various models from the GARCH family, most notably the DCC GARCH and EGARCH models. In addition, Granger causality is harnessed to uncover any causal connections among these digital assets. The findings underscore a noteworthy spillover phenomenon between Bitcoin and Ethereum, the two foremost cryptocurrencies boasting the maximum market capitalization. This spillover effect manifests as symmetric volatility impacts, setting them apart from Litecoin and RIPPLE
The ‘Loose Use’ of Figurative Language in Pakistani TEDx Talks: A Perspective of Relevance Theory
Get PDFThe current study utilised a qualitative approach to implement thematic analysis of the ‘loose use’ of figurative language in TEDx Talks, focusing on irony, hyperbole, and metaphor, within the framework of Relevance Theory by Wilson and Sperber, which states that the successful interpretation of figurative language depends on its own optimal relevance to the context. Two speeches from TEDx Pakistan, delivered in English, serve as the data sources. This qualitative study attempts to identify whether figurative utterances used in public speaking facilitate an appropriate interpretation of ideas. The study found that metaphor, hyperbole, and irony enhance communication without complicating interpretation. Metaphors connect details to the main message, hyperboles convey emotions vividly, and irony, when used appropriately, maintains meaningful communication. Also, strong implicatures are communicated instantly based on context and speaker attitude. This research suggests that mindful use of figurative language can empower public speakers to connect with audiences more deeply, paving the way for more impactful and memorable communication. There is a wide scope for future research in the public discourse of Pakistani English
Obstacles to Co-Education in Pakistan and Their Impact on Girl’s Education: A Critical Analysis of Literature
Get PDFEducation is an essential human right. In countries where women and men have equal educational opportunities, are successful in all areas of society today. The focus of this research is the governmental, social, and cultural barriers to bringing harmony in Pakistani culture. To do this, the research critically examined the adaptive political, religious, and social components of Pakistani society. The study\u27s major results were reached after a thorough review of the literature. The study identified a number of socioeconomic and ethical hurdles to co-education in Pakistani culture through literature review. Male dominance, conservatism, rigid customs and traditions, stereotype social codes, acute and chronic poverty, male insularity toward women\u27s roles, complex social structure, religious misconceptions, gender differences, feminine discrimination, home issues, and a lack of women\u27s political liberation are just a few of the barriers to co-education mentioned in the study. The data analysis in this study leads to the conclusion that removing these barriers will aid girls\u27 educational development
Online Shopping and its Determinants: Behavioural Analysis
Get PDFThis study attempted to gauge consumers’ behavioural analysis concerning online shopping and its determinants. The data was collected via survey using a purposive sampling technique targeting those involved in online shopping. The questionnaire was closed-ended and based on a five-point Likert scale. The data was received from 200 participants though 250 participants were approached, with a response rate of 80 per cent. Five determinants were considered including perceived benefits, perceived risks and disadvantages, hedonic motivations, psychological factors, and website design. Perceived benefits and website design had a positive impact and were significant at 1 per cent. Hedonic motivations and psychological factors had a positive impact and were significant at 5 per cent, whereas perceived risk and disadvantage were found insignificant. The study recommended the businesses in Pakistan to focus on the behaviours of consumers and try to eliminate factors like fear of the consumers by designing their marketing campaigns