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Tetracycline Resistance on Protein Synthesis: A Brief Review
Get PDFTetracycline is an antibiotic with powerful antibacterial activities against a wide variety if microorganisms. It is a potent antibacterial antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis to work and it is also a good medication because of its low toxicity and adverse reaction, oral absorption, and effectiveness against disease-causing germs. Its major mechanism of action is based on inhibition of protein synthesis. The relatively low toxicity & allergic reaction, effective oral absorption, and wide range of effectiveness against disease causing microorganisms are reasons why tetracycline is regarded as a good medication. Tetracycline mechanism of action is mainly its inhibitory ability of protein synthesis. It inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA from binding to the ribosome\u27s A site and thus prevent any further amino acid addition to the developing polypeptide chain. It inhibits protein synthesis at once and disrupt several enzymatic activities essential to propagation and survival. This inhibitory ability is less apparent in surrounding human/animal cells during treatment, which is due to inability of such cell to pump tetracycline into their cytoplasm against concentration gradient unlike bacteria cells. In addition, its ability to disrupt cellular membrane causes organelles o leak from the cell and thus impedes propagation or multiplication. However, tetracycline resistance was observed over time. Tetracycline resistance has been observed to be caused by the action of intrinsic enzymes synthesized to inactivates or degrade it. Also, the excretion and efflux of tetracycline from the cytoplasm, thus reducing cytoplasmic concentration and ultimately, its efficacy. Such microorganism possesses membrane proteins or transporters that can export tetracycline at a rate equal to or greater than its influx rate. The transporters could be tetracycline specific or a multidrug transporter. Another mechanism of tetracycline resistance is known as ribosome\u27s protection. Although the mechanism is not well known, ribosome protective resistance protein (TetM) binds to the ribosome\u27s binding site. This molecule has similarities to elongation factor, and it allows the elongation of polypeptide chain while reducing the affinity of the binding site to tetracycline. This ultimately makes tetracycline ineffective against the microorganisms. This mechanism can also be used in conjunction with efflux mechanism of tetracycline resistance
Molecular Identification of Four Eruca Sativa L. Cultivars using RAPD Markers
Get PDFThe current study was conducted at University of Kufa, Faculty of Science, Biology Department for molecular identification of four Eruca sativa L. cultivars (1-Turish 2-Syrian 3-Turkish 4-Eygyptian) using eleven Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. Results indicate primers OPA-04, OPA-10, OPA-02, OPW-04, OPC-09,v and OPD-13 success in giving all cultivars a unique fingerprint .Highest number of main bands , polymorphic bands and discriminatory value were 20 , 18 and 20.22% respectively produced by OPA-02. Highest value for amplified band number and monomorphic bands were 44 and band produced by primers OPX-17 and OPD-13 respectively. Highest value for both polymorphism and Efficiency were 94.11% and 0.48 respectively produced by primer OPA-04. Genetic relationship and genetic distance among E.sativa cultivars distribution unrelated to their geographical origin. RAPD markers are efficient tool in studying E.sativa germplasm
Impact of ICT on Students Academic Performance at Sindh Madressatul Islam University Karachi
Get PDFThe information communication and technology (ICT) tools are the key features for ideal academic performance of the students. The ICT has great impact on understanding, grades and class performance of learners and we cannot ignore them in the 21rst century. For this purpose, the study was conducted on the impacts of ICT on students’ academic performance at Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi Sindh Pakistan. The methodology of research was quantitative and the survey method was used for this purpose. For the data collection survey questionnaire was distributed among learners N=120. The research sample N=120 students were selected from all departments of the Sindh Madressatul Islam University Karachi. The data were analyzed through percentage with graphical representations. The findings of this research revealed that ICT have more influence on learners academic performance at university level. Most of the participants agreed on the positive utilization of information communication and technology tools for academic purposes. It is recommended that government should ensure all necessary ICT tools at all universities of Pakistan for better performance of the students. There exists an important relationship between information communication and technology and students academic performance at university level.
Quantitative Analysis of the Relationship Between Employee Management and Theories X, Y, and Z Organizational Contexts
Get PDFThis research study provides a quantitative analysis to examine the intricate relationship between employee management practices and the organizational contexts defined by Theories X, Y, and Z. Four locations in Sindh, Pakistan were used to gather data for the study. A thorough model that clarifies the connections between staff management techniques and the theoretical foundations of Theories X, Y, and Z was also built using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The study\u27s conclusions offer insightful information on the complex relationships that exist between organizational settings and personnel management techniques. Additionally, the model created using PLS software provides a comprehensive framework for comprehending how the ideas of Theories X, Y, and Z appear in actual employment practices, illuminating the consequences for performance, employee happiness, and organizational success. By providing a quantitative explanation of the complex interactions between theoretical paradigms and employee management, this research adds to the body of knowledge on organizational management and helps organizations looking to improve their workforce management strategies make well-informed decisions, and develop policies
Out-Of-School Children in Northern Sindh, Pakistan: Qualitative Exploration of Push and Pull Factors
Get PDFDespite its severity in Pakistan, the issue of out-of-school children has surprisingly received very little attention from academics. A couple of studies conducted in other provinces of Pakistan have investigated the views of parents and school principals on out-of-school children, where both parties seem to be blaming each other. How do children themselves feel being out of school, although very significant has remained unattended. It is believed that listening to the voices of the real sufferers is essential, to bring forth insights that would help policy makers and educational reformers in considering the existent issues to be addressed in relation to out-of-school children. The current study explores the perceptions of out-of-school children, factors that force to drop them out of school, and the challenges they face after dropping out of school. Five children who had dropped out of school were identified and interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that the push-out factors enforced by the schools included teachers\u27 unprofessional behaviors. Pull-out factors enforced from home included poverty and heavy responsibilities at a very early age and to be an earning member for the family. The study calls for collaborative efforts by schools, parents, community, and civil society to address multi-sectorial issues of out-of-school children. It is also argued that for SDG-4 to be practically effective on grounds in Sindh or elsewhere for that matter, education needs to be re-imagined to make education of out of school children possible
Practices of Transformational Leadership and Their Effects: A Case of Secondary School System in Sindh
Get PDFThis study investigated the practices of transformational leadership of headmasters in government secondary schools of Sindh. Qualitative research methodology based on semi structured online interviews was conducted in order to answer the research questions. The research adopted purposive sampling to get interviews from thirty schoolteachers who were teaching in government secondary schools in district Larkana. The qualitative raw data were transcribed, categorized, and themes were generated for the understanding of research. The findings of the data revealed that the practices of the transformational leadership play an important role in changing the school system if practiced in these government schools. Mostly, the government secondary schools of Sindh suffer due to lack of transformational leadership, who can work effectively and efficiently for the success of the school system. Headmasters lack the fundamental qualities like motivation, mentoring, inspiration, and intellectual consideration to transform the school culture for achieving the desired educational goals. Only few schools run smoothly and achieve success due to the presence of transformational leadership. The study recommends that the role of transformational leadership should be enhanced by recruiting and placing efficient and capable headmasters in such schools for accomplishing the educational goals
Investigating English Language Skills among the Medical Students at Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi
Get PDFThe present study aimed to investigate the English language skills of medical students who are currently pursuing their graduate degrees from Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi. Researchers used a quantitative approach using a five-point Likert scale survey method. A total of 60 students from the third and final year were selected by applying a purposive sampling technique. The questionnaire was adapted as a tool for the present study. The collected data was analyzed via SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics was used to draw the results of frequency distribution, percentage and t-test. Overall findings concluded that medical students observed reading and writing as the most essential skills compared to listening and speaking. In addition, students also found their English language proficiency relatively high in some areas apart from some variation in their self-judgment. This can be suggested that more research studies are needed to be conducted on this topic so that a clear picture can be seen in the context of medical English education
Relationship between Academic Stress, Coping and Engagement Strategies among Adolescents
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between adolescent students\u27 academic stress, coping, and engagement strategies. In order to look at how these characteristics interact; the study narrowed its attention to a particular group. In this cross-sectional study, 200 students were selected based on convenient sampling technique to evaluate gender-based disparities. Questionnaires, consent forms, and demographic sheets were used to gather data. The present study found a correlation between coping and engagement strategies, furthermore a significant relationship between coping and academic stress was also found. The gender based disparities were also found, particularly in several areas of student involvement. These findings illustrate the significant relationship between coping strategies and academic stress, emphasizing the need of stress management for encouraging involvement in academic endeavours for both male and female students. The study\u27s findings explain the role of academic stress on coping and engagement strategies, enabling students to enhance productivity in their academic careers. However, limited generalizability due to a small sample size should be considered. The study\u27s conclusions can help institutions to promote a supportive academic atmosphere by easing student burdens and encouraging the appropriate use of coping mechanisms
Significance of ‘Renewable Energy Education\u27 in Curriculum of Students
Get PDFRenewable energy education and technology have become a necessity at all levels, in the last few decades, many countries around the world have already started working on renewable energy education and skills. The target audience of the program, the course\u27s goals and objectives, and the intended methods of evaluation must all be internalized in the curriculum document. A suitable curriculum must be developed based on the level, type, and other requirements. When developing the curriculum, it is important to fully comprehend and take into account how one academic program may be connected to others on the same or similar topics at lower as well as higher levels. There is a widespread understanding of the significance of promoting learning of renewable energy at all stages. The standardization of course curricula, the creation of books and learning and teaching aids, and the sharing of knowledge regarding the success of the programs in achieving the goals can all be quickly aided by mutual cooperation between various organizations. So that programs must be more efficient, economical, and effective, there needs to be close collaboration between national, regional, and international organizations that provide renewable energy studies
Impact of Screen Time on Speech and Language Acquisition among Children
Get PDFThe study aimed to explore the impact of screen time on speech and language acquisition among children. The cross-sectional study was conducted on the study sample of children. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional study to analyze the relationship between screen time and its effects on the speech and language of children. The sample was selected by using a purposive sampling technique. A checklist was devised to see the impact of screen time on speech and language acquisition. Correlational analysis was used to find the association between study variables. Using logistic regression analysis, the impact of screen time on speech and language acquisition among children was explored. T-test analysis was used to investigate the difference between male and female students. The findings revealed that Screen Time positively predicted speech and language acquisition. The findings revealed a non-significant difference between boys and girls in Speech and Language Acquisition. The study recommends that future researchers use longitudinal studies to check the impact of screen time on speech and language acquisition of children to find out any changes over the period of time