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Assessment of Molecular Heterogeneity of Beta-Thalassemia in Population of Karak
Get PDFThis study was designed to assess the distribution and genetic mutations of beta thalassemia in HBB gene across the district Karak. The DNA was extracted from the collected samples and gene specific point mutation was assessed using ARMS-PCR. The analysis showed the homozygosity or heterozygosity of the specific mutations (IVSI-5, CD 41-42, FSC 8-9 and CAP +15). Appropriate statistical method was used to differentiate the point mutation which is distributed in the people. Dendrogram analysis revealed variations among the studied cases. A total of three clusters were observed containing all the 46 samples (patients) based on the Euclidian distance (ranged 0-37). C-III was the biggest of all cluster as it was having 17 (36.96%) out of 46 samples while C-I and C-II was having 14 (30.43%) and 15 (32.61%) samples, respectively. Profile plot was also constructed on samples to observe the variation of each marker across all the population. It was revealed that marker IVS1-5 have values 2.3, 1.7 and 1.1 in clusters C-I, C-II and C-III respectively. Primer CD 41-42 showed values of 1.4, 2.8 and 1.2, primer FSC 8-9 had values of 1.6, 1.7 and 1.9, marker CAP 1-5 had values 2.4, 1.5 and 1.2 for C-I, C-II and C-III, respectively. Overall, the most prevalent mutation identified in this study was IVSI-5, FSC 8-9, CAP +15 and CD 41-42. It was also noted that most of the patient’s parents were not first cousin, 50% patients’ parents were second cousins. Moreover, it was observed that not proper diagnostic centers or genetic counseling centers are available at district Karak. Hence, if the government and non-governmental organizations play their role in establishment of proper pre-natal and genetic counseling centers the disease burden of the area can be minimized
Risk Factors Associated with Urinary Schistosomiasis and Its Spatial Distribution Among Almajirai in Selected Localities in Katsina State, Nigeria
Get PDFUrinary schistosomiasis is a chronic neglected tropical disease (NTD), which is endemic in Nigeria, and is largely attributable to poverty. This study sought to determine the risk factors associated with urinary schistosomiasis and its spatial distribution in Safana, Dutsin-Ma, and Kurfi towns of Katsina State, Nigeria. Urine samples were collected from thirteen Tsangaya schools between 1st June and 30th September 2023, the participants’ samples and socio-demographic data were analyzed for the ova of Schistosoma haematobium and associated risk factors using the centrifugation technique and Chi-square tests, respectively. Out of the 514 samples examined, 35.6% were positive for the ova of S. haematobium. The predisposing risk factors for the infection included; contact with large water bodies (ꭓ = 0.2060, P=0.6500), and age group (ꭓ =50.6220, P=0.0000). Participants with haematuria recorded a higher prevalence (49.7%) than those with no haematuria (17.1%), and the infection was significantly associated with haematuria (ꭓ = 58.2460, P= 0.0000). The source of water, contact with water bodies, age group, and lack of a history of praziquantel treatment were identified as risk factors for the infection. To prevent continuous transmission of the disease, the study recommends improved environmental sanitation and regular mass deworming of Almajirai
Students’ Perception about Sports and Education: A Case of University-Going Students in Pakistan
Get PDFThis study explored why Pakistan lags behind in its educational system and sports. The target population was Pakistani private University students. It was descriptive research. Moreover, the effectiveness and obstacles were identified in the pursuit of education and sports. The quantitative approach was utilized. Data was collected through questionnaires and 3 randomly selected private university students from Karachi (Sindh, Pakistan). In addition, several constraints that they encounter in their persuading of education and sports, relating to time, finance, and workload have been discussed. The main aim of this paper was to discuss the possibilities, and analysis of the current situation of Pakistan\u27s sports and Education sector, and as an educational advocate; the Study discussed the future possibilities of the opportunities related to education and sports in Pakistan as a Muslim country.
Non-Energy Benefits: A New Motivational Era for Entrepreneurs from Developing World
Get PDFMost of the time research work conducted on energy management and energy efficiency referred to the developed world. Hence, there is minimal focus on energy management practices and the benefits the process may produce for SMEs. Thus, this is one of the premier studies that try to uncover the non-energy benefits related to energy management with the reference of SMEs from Pakistan. Hence the study is significantly important for researchers, academicians, industrialists, and entrepreneurs to understand the role, impact, and significance of energy management in SME sector of Pakistan. A better understanding of these points will not only flourish research work but will also motivate industrialists, entrepreneurs, and policymakers to focus rigorously on energy management practices. Data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire from the top-level management of apparel sector SMEs from Pakistan and analysis has been made through PLS-SEM. Findings indicated that leaders from the SME sector are inclined toward renewable energy sources, energy management, and its impact on the company\u27s goodwill.
Language Attitudes and Educational Implications: A Study of Code-Switching Among College-Level Bilingual Students in Karachi
Get PDFThe prime objective is to explore the language attitudes of students in Karachi, Pakistan, in the context of bilingual education using Urdu and English as mediums of instruction; particularly, the study delves into how code-switching phenomenon between Urdu and English influences students\u27 attitudes during English-based subject classes at the college level. Additionally, the study examines how these language attitudes impact students\u27 academic performance. To gather inclusive insights, a mixed-method approach was employed for data collection. The gathered data underwent analysis to distinguish the variations in students\u27 language attitudes towards each medium of instruction. Furthermore, the study assesses how these attitudes potentially affect the learning of English-based subjects at the college level. The findings reflect that learners strongly preferred code-switching because they felt it helped them better comprehend difficult subjects and they could perform better academically. Although students appreciated being able to communicate in English, they thought bilingual education was more beneficial to learning. To improve student engagement and learning outcomes, the study recommends that educational institutions implement controlled code-switching as a component of their instructional technique, maintaining a balance between English and Urdu
Mainstream Education Teachers\u27 Self-beliefs in Implementing Inclusive Practices
Get PDFThe study aimed to explore teachers\u27 self-belief in teaching students with disabilities (SWDs), a topic understudied in inclusive education practices in Pakistan. It used a quantitative approach, analysing teachers\u27 survey replies, and used a descriptive research design to identify their level of self-beliefs. The study found that students with disabilities can succeed when instruction is adjusted to meet their specific needs. Teachers are confident that all students can learn, while the majority of the teachers strongly agree that every child is capable of learning. The study recommends that prioritizing the effectiveness of alternative mainstream school teachers is crucial due to disparities in engagement with SWDs, who require more support to achieve their goals
Aggressive Behaviour in University Students: Comparative Demographic Analysis
Get PDFThis study aimed to establish a comparative analysis of university students on their aggressive behaviour and its impact based on the economic situation, family structure, and educational performance. The primary data was collected through a questionnaire based on a Likert scale. The questionnaire targeted independent variables including compensation, family structure, and educational performance. The statistical technique applied to obtain the results is multiple regressions. The findings established that gender and age differences have no impact on Aggressive Behaviour, Family Environment Satisfaction, Educational Performance Satisfaction, and Financial Situation Satisfaction. The aggressive behaviour was found to be both in male and female students. The study recommends that the family environment be given due importance as it aids in shaping students’ personality. Furthermore, aggressive individuals must consciously learn stress management skills to overcome aggression, make the right intellectual decisions, and keep their self-esteem high
Impact of Gender Stereotypes and Work-Life Balance on Female Leadership with the Mediating Role of Organizational Culture: A Case of Healthcare Setups in Karachi, Pakistan
Get PDFThis study aimed to examine the impact of gender stereotypes and work-life balance on female leadership with the mediating role of organizational culture. Utilizing a quantitative explanatory research approach, it targeted the employees currently working in healthcare setups in Karachi to approach the data collection. The findings of the study reveal that among the employees currently working in healthcare setups in Karachi male employees hold the top management position with a significant number of differences. Furthermore, gender stereotyping and work-life balance in organizations were found unsatisfactory for women to struggle for top management positions. The organizational culture associated with the targeted population was found to be inclined towards gender stereotyping. The study recommends that the healthcare setups in Karachi should introduce a female-friendly culture in their organizations to initiate gender diversity, particularly for women in the top management
Navigating the Divide: A Marxist Analysis of The White Tiger
Get PDFThis study conducted a Marxist analysis of Arvind Adiga’s The White Tiger The study aims to demonstrate how desire shapes the protagonist, Balram and influences broader societal dynamics within the framework of Marxist theory. By deploying this theory as its lens, the paper seeks to unveil the underlying structures perpetuating social inequalities in the depicted Indian milieu. The narrative unfolds through a dual exploration of two distinct social classes: privileged ‘haves’ in the India of Light and the marginalized ‘have nots’ in the India of Darkness. Through meticulous examination of specific instances in the novel, the analysis reveals the illicit use of state resources by political and economic elites, showcasing the intricate interplay between desire, corruption, and societal structures. The study illuminates how Adiga portrays the extreme and practical facets of Indian society, providing a nuanced understanding of the character’s motivations and the broader socio-economic context. This exploration contributes to a deeper comprehension of the novel’s socio-political commentary, elucidating the complex connections between individual aspirations, systemic corruption, and class divisions. In conclusion, the analysis not only enriches our understanding of The White Tiger, but also augments the broader discourse on literature, ideology, and societal critique
Impact of Contemporary Logistics Factors on Customer Satisfaction in E-commerce
Get PDFThe rapid shift of customers from traditional purchasing to online purchasing has emphasized the importance of logistics in purchasing pattern. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between these logistics factors and their impact on customer satisfaction by using Logistics Service Quality (LSQ) model constructs. The study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan, an emerging economy with a rapid growing digital sector. The data was collected from 250 respondents who filled the online questionnaire. The results revealed that logistic factors such as delivery monitoring, convenience of return, convenient place of delivery and time of delivery have a positive impact on customer satisfaction. The findings revealed that the logistics factors showed a positive relationship with the customer satisfaction, and will help e-store’s managers/ sellers to understand customer’s perceptions in e-commerce shopping stores and their satisfaction. The study offers valuable implications and contextual knowledge of logistics factors and their impact on customer satisfaction while purchasing from online stores