iRAPA - International Research & Publishing Academy (E-Journals)
iRAPA - International Research & Publishing Academy (E-Journals)Not a member yet
512 research outputs found
Sort by
Analysis of the Training Needs for Science Teachers in Classroom Assessment at Secondary Level
Get PDFThe purpose of the study was to explore the perception of Science teachers and school Principals about the training needs of science teachers in classroom assessment practices at the secondary level in two sampled districts of Malakand division. The population of the study comprised the science teachers and principals of two districts Swat and Malakand. The study was descriptive and quantitative. The data were collected by using survey questionnaires and analysed by using appropriate statistics through SPSS version 26. The results indicated that both science teachers and principals were not satisfied with science teachers’ classroom assessment practices and added that they may need intensive training in classroom assessment practices at the secondary level. Therefore, it was recommended that the science teachers should be trained in theory and classroom assessment practices for continuous formative assessment and feedback
The Examining the Consequence of Apparent Significance on User Consumption Intent in Live-Streaming Shopping
Get PDFThis study investigates the influence of functional value, social value, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use on Purchase Intention (PI) within the E-Commerce industry in Karachi, Pakistan. Structural equation modelling was employed to analyse the data, and a purposive sampling technique was used to collect a sample of 385 participants, following the estimation method. The findings of this research indicate that functional value, social value, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use all substantially impact Purchase Intentions within the E-Commerce sector in Karachi, Pakistan. These results offer valuable insights for both online streamers and brands aiming to enhance their appeal to consumers. By emphasizing the unique qualities of their products, they can attract a wider consumer base and stimulate purchasing behaviours. Establishing a strong emotional bond between brands and consumers is a crucial strategy in this context. Furthermore, based on the results and findings, this study also presents practical and managerial implications, along with suggestions for future research directions
Academic Motivation of Elementary School Students: Unearthing the Role of Teachers
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between teachers’ behaviour and students’ academic motivation. This research study employed a quantitative research design. The correlation research method was used to conduct the study. All the students studying in elementary classes of district Swabi (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) were the population for this study. Multi-stage sampling technique was used for the selection of 656 students from the population of 10930 students. Self-regulation Questionnaire (SRQ-A) and Perceived Autonomy Support (PAS) were used to collect data about students\u27 academic motivation and students’ perception of their teacher’s behaviour, respectively. The study found that teachers’ autonomy-supportive behaviour had a moderate, positive, and significant relationship with students’ autonomous, intrinsic and identified academic motivation and a very weak correlation with students’ controlled academic motivation. It is recommended that the teachers adopt autonomy-supportive behaviour (i.e. students-centred approach) but they may avoid a controlled teaching style (i.e. teacher-centred approach) as it is considered one of the main reasons behind the dropping out of children from schools in KPK
Use of Social Networking Sites for Citizen Journalism
Get PDFSocial networking sites have become important platforms for obtaining political information. Nevertheless, a crucial inquiry in this context pertains to the reliability of social networking sites (SNS) as a political information source. This study investigated the extent to which politically engaged online users perceive social networking sites (SNS) as trustworthy. The positivist philosophical stance was adopted to explain the phenomena. Moreover, the deductive approach was intricated in this study to test the framed hypotheses. A digital survey strategy was used for individuals who frequently engage with social media platforms. The data was electronically collected from October 19 to November 1, 2023. The target population for this study was active social media users in Pakistan who were between the ages of 18 and 34 and data was gathered using the purposive sampling technique. The ultimate sample comprised 384 users via using the cross-sectional study design. This study found social networking sites (SNS) the least credible among the various traditional and online sources. The strongest indicator of social networking site (SNS) credibility was found to be the extent of reliance on these platforms. Moreover, it is concluded that utilizing social network sites (SNS) can be an as effective means to convince voters to support their campaigns
The Genetic Polymorphisms in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Get PDFThe polycystic ovarian syndrome can be defined as an endocrine disorder that most affects the reproductive system of women of childbearing age; its causes aren\u27t exactly known. However, the majority of the experts agree that it\u27s a multifactorial entity with multiple factors. Genetics is becoming increasingly important. In recent years, several genes that are involved in pathogenic processes of this syndrome have been identified. Within these, the most important ones are the ones that encode for steroidogenesis enzymes and insulin receptors, as well as other hormones that are associated with the actions of insulin and gonadotropins and their receptors.
The results were obtained:
Women with PCOS had significantly lower levels of adiponectin compared to controls. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in both lean and obese women with PCOS compared to the control group.
PCOS women had significantly higher levels of LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio, and total testosterone compared to controls.
Both lean and obese PCOS women had significantly higher levels of LH, LH/FSH ratio, and total testosterone compared to the control group, however FSH levels were significantly increased only in obese PCOS women compared to controls.
PCOS women had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, triglyceides, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol compared to controls.
Both lean and obese PCOS women had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol compared to controls. Only obese PCOS women had significantly lower levels of HDL-cholesterol compared to the controls.
The genotype analysis of FSHR gene polymorphism showed that the heterozygote Ala/Thr genotype was significantly more frequent in PCOS patients than controls (64.1% versus 40%)
Factors Affecting User Acceptance of ERP Systems in SMEs
Get PDFThis study aimed to examine the factors affecting the adoption of ERP in Pakistan\u27s small and medium enterprises (SME) sector. With a sample size of 251 individuals, a quantitative methodology was used. A survey method approach is employed to gather data from a diverse sample with experience as a small enterprise targeted explicitly in Pakistan. Through statistical analysis, the study explored the relationship between these independent variables and the impact of ERP in small organisational settings. It investigates how attitudes towards ERP influence its adoption and utilisation, how the perceived effort required affects ERP implementation, how performance expectations influence organisational outcomes, and how facilitating conditions contribute to successful ERP integration. The findings provide insights into the significant role of performance and facilitating conditions in shaping the impact of ERP in organisational settings
Navigation of Teaching Practicum Challenges: An Emerging Perspective of Pre-Service Teachers
Get PDFThis research explored the challenges prospective teachers face during the teaching practicum at the University of Education, Attock Campus. The study adopted a qualitative descriptive phenomenological design. A census sampling strategy was deployed comprising 67 prospective teachers. Data collection employed a self-developed open-ended questionnaire, validated through expert evaluations and a pilot study. The collected data were analyzed by thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2012). To ensure the rigor of thematic analysis, inter-coder reliability was established. The study delimited its geographical scope to the University of Education Attock Campus and focused on B.Ed. (Hons) 4-year teacher education program seventh-semester participants. Theoretical underpinning was drawn from the constructivist perspective. Results show that prospective teachers faced diverse challenges during their teaching practicum. These challenges included placement, orientation, classroom management, administrative cooperation, lesson planning and implementation, workload, evaluation process, transportation, feedback, school timetable, portfolio, evaluation processes, and inadequate facilities. Despite these challenges, prospective teachers highlighted the importance of supervision, modern teaching methods, and improved resources. Enhancing the teaching practicum involves setting up laboratory schools with theory-practice integration, immersive classroom experiences, and applied teaching techniques
Investigating Elementary Teachers\u27 Perceptions of Traditional Science Teaching Methods within the Single National Curriculum Framework
Get PDFThis study investigates elementary teachers\u27 perceptions of traditional science teaching methods within the Single National Curriculum (SNC) at the elementary level. The primary objectives were to evaluate the science achievement of Grade IV students using both cooperative and traditional teaching methods, to compare the effectiveness of these methods based on students\u27 ability levels, and to assess their impact across different science content areas. The study involved 69 elementary teachers, who provided data through a self-developed questionnaire, validated and tested for reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha during a pilot study. The data, collected via oral explanations followed by questionnaire completion, were analysed using statistical techniques such as mean and standard deviation. The findings reveal a preference among some teachers for traditional methods, citing their effectiveness in content delivery. However, there is also recognition of the need to enhance these methods with innovative techniques to improve student engagement and understanding. The study recommends refining traditional teaching approaches by integrating technology and experiential learning opportunities, ensuring a more comprehensive and effective science education experience for elementary students within the SNC framework
Inclusive Education: Strategies for Successful Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Mainstream Classrooms
Get PDFThis study aimed to assess the strategies that facilitate the effective inclusion for students with disabilities in mainstream classroom settings. It employed a descriptive quantitative research methodology, utilizing a pre-designed questionnaire for data collection that was informed by an extensive investigation of relevant literature and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. This study included descriptive statistics as well as inferential methods such as t-tests and ANOVA to analyse the replies. The findings indicate that educators hold a predominantly positive view of inclusive education strategies, particularly in relation to co-teaching, differentiated instructions and Universal Design for Learning (UDL). While variations were observed based on gender, title, and region, it was evident that collaborative planning among teachers was crucial. These disclosures highlight the importance of continuous professional development, collaborative relationships, and adequate allocation of resources in promoting inclusive practices. The objective of future research should be to enhance equitable learning environments for all students by conducting in-depth investigations into the professional backgrounds and contextual factors that influence the execution of inclusive education
Assessing the Determinants of Services Exports of Pakistan: An Application of Extended Gravity Model
Get PDFThe services sector plays a crucial role in Pakistan\u27s economy based on its contribution to GDP and the engagement of most of the labour force with this sector. Services exports provide valuable foreign exchange earnings, and the focus on promoting services exports can resolve the balance of trade issue. Hence, this study investigates the key determinants influencing Pakistan\u27s services exports with its major trading partners. The study employed an extended gravity model through fixed effect, random effect and Poisson-Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) methods by using data from 2000-2022 and found out that the GDP of the partner country, FDI, employment in services, logistics performance index (LPI), and services trade restrictiveness index (STRI) are important determinants of services exports in Pakistan. Pakistan is the most restrictive economy in the South Asian region which has higher STRI, resultantly the restrictions are negatively affecting the services trade and exports of the country. Moreover, the study evaluated that the USA, UAE, China, and UK are major export markets for export services of Pakistan. Based on these findings, the study suggests that Pakistan should improve its logistics infrastructure and reduce service trade restrictions to boost services exports