Online Journal Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya
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Anatomy and Physiology of Animal Model Rats in Biomedical Research
No full textA distinguishing feature of rodents, including rats, is the absence of canines and thepresence of prominent incisors. Rats are monophydontic, meaning they grow one setof teeth in their lifetime. The enamel of the rodent incisor contains iron, which givesit its yellow-orange color. Rats are mammals and as such, possess many similaritieswith other mammals. Only the peculiarities of the rat’s anatomy are addressed. Malerats reach puberty at 40 - 60 days of age. Descent of the testes usually occursbetween days 30 - 60. Sperm counts vary by strain. The male rat has an os penis.Male rats have the following accessory sexual organs: ampulla, seminal vesicles,prostate, bulbourethral glands, coagulating glands, and preputial glands. Thecoagulating gland and prostatic and vesicular secretions are responsible for thecopulation plug, a firm plug deposited in the vagina of the female after copulation.(This plug, when found outside the female rat, is capsuleshaped and approximately5 mm long.) The male rat has no nipples. The adult male rat has a prominentscrotum and a longer anogenital distance than the female rat
Comparison of Widal Test Using Serum and Plasma Samples
No full textThe widal test is a test for diagnostic of thyfoid fever serology. Widal test aims to detect the presence of antibodies against Salmonella antigen, by measuring the degree of agglutination of antibody titer to antigen O and H in sample. In this research Widal test was performed using serumand plasma samples. This study aims to determine whether there is a difference in the value of titer on the Widal test between serum samples and plasma EDTA samples. This type of research is an experimental study. Samples were taken from patient suspected of thyfoid fever of 10 sample in the Laboratory of SM Raja Amplas in 2018. The result of comparative titer Widal test using serum and plasma samples obtained results 30% of the 10 samples examined there are differences in the value of Widal titer but does not affect the final diagnosis of typhoid fever. The value of the Widal test titer using plasma is lower than the value of Widal Titer with the serum samples. The use of plasma samples to determine the Widal titer is particularity susceptible to mingling with the erythrocytes due to the presence of anticoagulant particles but does not affect the result of the Widal test. EDTA anticoagulants do not damage the antibodies contained in the serum, this can be seen in the results of the study, there were no differences in each sample examined, so the difference in results obtained due to other factors, namely the error of researchers in the Widal test. The Widal test using serum samples can gives results according to the actual circumstances because serum is not contaminated by EDTA anticoagulants
Hubungan Kadar Anti Mullerian Hormon (AMH) dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan Panjang Siklus Menstruasi Premenopause
No full textSistem reproduksi wanita merupakan sistem kompleks yang meliputi semua alat reproduksi wanita dan akanberubah sesuai dengan siklus perkembangan. Siklus perkembangan reproduksi wanita berlangsung secara alamiahmulai dari menarche sampai menopause. Sebelum terjadi menopause ada masa transisi yang disebutpremenopause. Perubahan organ reproduksi pada masa premenopause ini ditandai dengan terjadinya gangguanpada menstruasi. Perpanjangan dan pengurangan siklus menstruasi dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor sepertiAnti Mullerian Hormon (AMH) dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Tujuan mengetahui hubungan kadar AMH dan IMTterhadap panjang siklus menstruasi premenopause di BPM Ranting Seberang Ulu I.Penelitian ini dilakukan diLaboratorium Biomolekuler Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya dengan desain penelitian observasional analitik.Sebanyak 74 orang sample dipilih secara Convinience Sampling yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompoksiklus mesntruasi normal dan tidak normal. Kedua kelompok diukur TB dan BB nya untuk mengetahui IMT dandiambil darah vena untuk dialkukan pemeriksaan AMH dengan metode ELISA. Hasil analisis data AMH dan siklusmenstruasi dilakukan dengan uji Mann-Whitney. nilai p=0,004, IMT dan siklus menstruasi dilakukan dengan uji TIndependen nilai p=0,484, AMH dan IMT dilakukan dengan uji Spearman nilai p=0,789 dengan nilai alpha 0,05 (p<α).Disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara AMH dan siklus mestruasi, tidak ada hubungan antara IMT dan siklusmestruasi dan tidak ada hubungan antara AMH dan IMT
Hubungan Riwayat Kejang dalam Keluarga dengan Kejadian Kejang Demam Anak Usia 1-5 tahun di RSUP Moh. Hoesin Palembang
No full textKejang demam merupakan penyebab tersering kejang pada anak. Salah satu faktor risikonya adalah riwayat kejangdalam keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan riwayat kejang dalam keluarga dengankejadian kejang demam anak usia 1-5 tahun di RSUP Moh. Hoesin Palembang. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien di Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Moh. Hoesin Palembang.Sampel penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak usia 1-5 tahun yang mengalami demam. Penelitian ini merupakandeskriptif analitik cross sectional dengan menggunakan data rekam medis pasien kejang demam dangastroenteritis di instalasi rekam medik RSUP Moh. Hoesin periode 2013-2014. Penelitian ini menunjukkan anakusia 1 tahun sering mengalami kejang demam (40%). Anak laki-laki (64%) lebih sering mengalami kejang demamdibandingkan anak perempuan (56%). Jenis kejang demam yang sering ditemukan adalah kejang demam kompleks(70%). Analisis Chi Square membuktikan adanya hubungan riwayat kejang dalam keluarga dengan kejadian kejangdemam (CI=2,647-167,868; p=0,000) dan anak dengan riwayat kejang dalam keluarga sering mengalami kejangdemam sederhana (p=0,029)
Sensitivitas dan Spesifisitas Metode Brugia Rapid Test pada Pemeriksaan Brugia MalayiFilariasis merupakan penyakit menular menahun yang disebabkan oleh cacing filaria yang menyerang saluran dan kelenjar getah bening. Diketahui 90% kasus filariasis penyeba
No full textFilariasis merupakan penyakit menular menahun yang disebabkan oleh cacing filaria yang menyerang saluran dankelenjar getah bening. Diketahui 90% kasus filariasis penyebabnya adalah tiga spesies cacing filarial yaitu:Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi dan Brugia timori. Pemeriksaan secara mikroskopis pada sediaan darah tebalmenggunakan darah tepi pasien pada malam hari merupakan teknik konvensional. Dalam program eliminasifilariasis global, WHO menganjurkan penggunaan metode serodiagnosis. Untuk filariasis Brugia, metodeserodiagnosis terbaik yang ada saat ini adalah deteksi antibodi IgG4 anti-filaria.Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui sensitivitas dan spesifisitas metode Brugia Rapid Test dibandingkan dengan sediaan darah tepidengan pewarnaan Giemsa dalam mendeteksi Brugia malayi di Desa Sungai Rengit Murni Kecamatan TalangKelapa Kabupaten Banyuasin. Metode yang digunakan adalah uji Diagnostik. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa SungaiRengit Murni Kabupaten Banyuasin pada tanggal 20 Juni 2013. Jumlah sampel 80 orang yang diambil secara SimpleRandom Sampling. Metode pemeriksaan dengan cara pewarnaan Giemsa dan metode Brugia Rapid. Berdasarkanhasil penelitian dari 80 sampel yang dilakukan pemeriksaan, pemeriksaan dengan metode Giemsa 0 (0%) dandengan metode Brugia Rapid 22 Orang (27,5%) Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode Brugia rapiddibandingkan metode Giemsa Sensitivitasnya 0%, spesifisitasnya72,5%, nilai duga positif 0% dan nilai duga negatif100%
Covid-19 Infection in Elderly with Comorbids
No full textThe senior population has a higher risk of contracting Covid-19 and is at risk ofdeveloping more severe disease. This is due to physiological changes in old age,which causes a decrease in immune function accompanied by an increase incomorbid disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, lung disease,and dementia. WHO reports that the mortality rate for Covid-19 patients in theelderly above 80 years in China is around 21.9%, Italy is about 89% at the ageabove 70 years, and the United States is 85% at the age of 65 years and over.Delirium syndrome often appears as the primary complaint or infrequently; itoccurs on the first day the patient is treated and shows fluctuating symptoms.Symptoms of delirium, such as disorientation, difficulty concentrating, andinattention, often occur in the elderly and are associated with a poor prognosis.Management of geriatric patients with covid 19 must be carried out thoroughlyand completely, especially in geriatric patients with comorbidities. Managementincludes primary diseases, namely Covid-19 infection, delirium, nutritionaltherapy, blood sugar, family education for patient assistance, maintaining thepatient's body and environment cleanliness, oral hygiene, and, last but not least,moral support from the family for the patient. With complete management, elderlypatients with various comorbid can survive the Covid-19 infection
Angka Kejadian Posterior Capsular Opacity di Rumah Sakit Khusus Mata Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
No full textPosterior capsular opacity is one of complications occurred after cataract surgery. As much as 8,82% patients had posterior capsular opacity in RSCM, Jakarta. The purpose of this study is to know the prevalence of posterior capsular opacity in RSKM, Palembang. Sample of this cross-sectional designed study was cataract patients who had underwent cataract surgery in RSKM Provinsi Sumatera Selatan in January-March 2018 with total sampling. A total of 353 data met the inclusion criteria. The distribution data of prevalence and sociodemographic posterior capsular opacity got from medical record were analysed using univariate analysis. Out of 353 patients, 2 patients (0,6%) had posterior capsular opacity. 1 patient (0,6%) each for male and female gender. 1 patient for each 54 (1%) and 66 (0,4%) years. There was no occurrence posterior capsular opacity in pediatric patients. The prevalence of posterior capsular opacity in RSKM Provinsi Sumatera Selatan in 2018 is low. The occurrence in male and female is equal. The occurrence in adults and aged patients is equal. There was no occurrence posterior capsular opacity in pediatric patients.Posterior Capsular Opacity salah satu komplikasi yang terjadi dari operasi katarak. Sebanyak 8,82% pasien mengalami Posterior Capsular Opacity di RSCM, Jakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk megetahui angka kejadian Posterior Capsular Opacity di RSKM, Palembang. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah pasien yang telah menjalani operasi katarak di RSKM Provinsi Sumatera Selatan pada periode Januari – Maret 2018 yang dipilih dengan sistem total sampling. Sebanyak 353 pasien memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data distribusi kejadian dan sosiodemografi posterior capsular opacity didata melalui rekam medik pasien dan dianalisis dengan analisis univariat. Dari 353 pasien yang menjalani operasi katarak, sebanyak 2 orang (0,6%) mengalami posterior capsular opacity. Pada jenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan, didapatkan masing-masing 1 orang (0,6%). Dewasa berusia 18 – 60 tahun dan usia lanjut ≥ 60 tahun masing-masing sejumlah 1 orang berusia 54 tahun (1%) dan berusia 66 tahun (0,4%).. Tidak ditemukan kejadian Posterior Capsular Opacity pada anak ≤ 18 tahun. Angka kejadian Posterior Capsular Opacity di Rumah Sakit Khusus Mata Provinsi Sumatera Selatan pada tahun 2018 cukup rendah. Menurut jenis kelamin, didapatkan jumlah kejadian setara. Menurut usia, dewasa berusia dewasa dan lanjut usia setara. Tidak ditemukan kejadian Posterior Capsular Opacity pada anak-anak
Efektifitas Pemberian Ekstrak Bawang Putih Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Interleukin-6 Serum dan Dialisat pada Pasien Continous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
No full textThe Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study showed that 86% of CKD subjects had inflammation. The number of longitudinal studies reported that there was increasing inflammation by measuring interleukin-6 (IL-6) in PD patients at both systemic and intraperitoneal levels. Garlic and its components have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Anti-inflammatory effect of garlic extract, by inhibiting the activation of the pro-inflammatory pathway as well as inhibiting macrophage activation and its antioxidant effects and inhibiting pro-oxidant enzymes. This study was a crossover randomized placebo controlled double blind trial. The subjects of the study were 20 CKD stage 5 patients using CAPD, divided randomly into 2 groups, namely the group that received 800 mg of garlic extract per day (2x400 mg) for 8 weeks and the group that received a placebo, then a wash out period of 2 weeks was carried out. and after that the two groups were given alternating treatment. Each group measured the levels of serum IL-6, IL-6 dialysate and net ultrafiltration before and after treatment. It was found that serum IL-6 levels before and after garlic extract were 7.10 ± 2.30 pg / ml and 5.00 ± 3.00 pg / ml with p = 0.005. The IL-6 dialysate levels before and after garlic extract administration were 39.20 ± 2.10 pg / ml and 33.20 ± 7.80 pg / ml with p = 0.000. It was concluded that the decrease in serum IL-6 and dialysate levels after garlic extract in CKD stage V patients using CAPD at RSMH Palembang.Penelitian Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) menunjukkan 86% subjek PGK terbukti menderita inflamasi. Sejumlah studi longitudinal melaporkan peningkatan inflamasi dengan mengukur interleukin-6 (IL-6) pada pasien PD baik kadarnya di sistemik dan intraperitoneal. Bawang putih dan komponennya memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi dan antioksidan. Efek antiinflamasi dari ekstrak bawang putih, dengan menghambat aktivasi jalur pro-inflamasi serta menghambat aktivasi makrofag dan efek antioksidan dan menghambat enzim pro-oxidant. Penelitian ini merupakan studi crossover randomized placebo controlled double blind trial. Subjek penelitian 20 orang pasien PGK stadium 5 yang menggunakan CAPD, dibagi secara acak menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang mendapat ekstrak bawang putih 800 mg perhari (2x400 mg) selama 8 minggu dan kelompok yang mendapatkan placebo, kemudian dilakukan periode wash out selama 2 minggu dan setelah itu kedua kelompok diberikan perlakuan bergantian. Masing masing kelompok diukur kadar IL-6 serum, IL-6 dialisat dan net ultrafiltrasi sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Didapati kadar IL-6 serum sebelum dan sesudah pemberian ekstrak bawang putih 7,10 ±2,30 pg/ml dan 5,00±3,00 pg/ml dengan p= 0,005. Kadar IL-6 dialisat sebelum dan sesudah pemberian ekstrak bawang putih 39,20±2,10 pg/ml dan 33,20±7,80 pg/ml dengan p = 0,000. Disimpulkan penurunan kadar IL-6 serum dan dialisat sesudah ekstrak bawang putih pada penderita PGK stadium V yang menggunakan CAPD di RSMH Palembang
Pengaruh Pemberian Imunisasi Intranasal Epitope Protein RrgB 255-270 Streptococcus pneumoniae Terhadap Kadar IL-4
No full textStreptococcus pneumoniae or pneumococcus is the main cause of community acquired pneumoniae (CAP). Infection of pneumococcal can be prevented by vaccines, like PPV and PCV. Those vaccines have several weaknesses, like, limited to several strain of bacteria and invasive. Nowadays, development of pneumococcal vaccines used the antigenic component of which occur on the bacteria, like epitope. One of the epitopes that can be used as vaccine candidate is epitope from RrgB protein of bacteria’s pili. One of the RrgB protein’s epitope that has been identified having antigenic property is epitope protein RrgB 255-270 of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria’s pili. That epitope will stimulate immune system to produce antibody against the antigen supported by cytokine, like IL-4. This research aim is to knowing the effect of intranasal immunization epitope protein RrgB 255-270 Streptococcus pneumoniae to IL-4 level. Wistar rat’s nasal rinse sample IL-4 levels measured by ELISA method. The mean of K1 is 28,852± 18 ng/L, K2 is 20.630 ± 9 ng/L and K3 is 18.519 ± 6 ng/L. Result of Welch ANOVA test shows that p-value of this research is 0.299. That can be concluded that the effect of intranasal immunization epitope protein RrgB 255-270 S. pneumoniae give non-significant difference (p-value > 0.05).Streptococcus pneumoniae atau pneumokokus merupakan penyebab penyakit community acquired pneumoniae (CAP). Penularan pneumokokus dapat dicegah oleh vaksin, seperti PPV dan PCV. Vaksin tersebut memiliki beberapa kelemahan seperti terbatas pada strain tertentu dan pemberian yang masih bersifat invasif. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan vaksin dari epitope pneumokokus yang diberikan secara intranasal. Salah satu epitope yang dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat vaksin adalah epitope dari protein RrgB penyusun pili, seperti epitope protein RrgB 255-270 dari bakteri Streptococcus pneumoniae yang memiliki komponen antigenik tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian imunisasi intranasal epitope protein RrgB 255-270 Streptococcus pneumoniae terhadap kadar IL-4. Kadar IL-4 diukur dengan metode ELISA dari bilasan hidung tikus wistar yang diimunisasi dengan epitope protein RrgB 255-270 S. pneumoniae secara intranasal. Bilasan hidung yang didapat akan diproses menggunakan metode ELISA untuk menghitung kadar IL-4. Nilai rata-rata kadar IL-4 pada K1 adalah 28,852± 18 ng/L, rata-rata kadar IL-4 pada K2 adalah 20,630 ± 9 ng/L dan rata-rata pada K3 adalah 18,519 ± 6 ng/L. Hasil uji ANOVA Welch menunjukkan nilai p sebesar 0,299. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa imunisasi intranasal epitope protein RrgB 255-270 S. pneumoniae memberikan perbedaan yang tidak signifikan (dengan p>0,05)
Elective Surgery Service of Oncology Surgery Division Before and During Early Pandemic Era of Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang
No full textA B S T R A C TIntroduction Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) infection was first reported inWuhan, China, in December 2019. The author wants to know how the OncologySurgery Division elective surgery patient services before and during early pandemicera of COVID-19 at Dr. M Djamil Padang Hospital. Method: This research is acomparative study with a quantitative approach to elective surgery patients in theOncology Surgery Division before and during early pandemic era of COVID-19 at Dr.M Djamil Padang Hospital. The sampling technique in this study was total sampling.Data analysis will be carried out using statistical analysis in accordance with theexisting data scale and using SPSS software. Results: In this study, 137 sampleswere obtained consisting of 80 samples before the COVID-19 pandemic and 57samples during early pandemic era of COVID-19. Of the 57 patients who underwentelective surgery from the Surgical Oncology Division during early pandemic era ofCOVID-19, all patients were not suspicious / confirmed. The time for oncologyservice assessment was 14.26 days before COVID-19 pandemic and 8.93 days duringearly pandemic era of COVID-19. Conclusion: More patients who underwent electivesurgery in the surgical oncology division were female, both before and during earlypandemic era of COVID-19. The mean age of patients before COVID-19 pandemicwas 48.72 years and 49.53 years during early pandemic era of COVID-19. There isa disparity between the length of time the assessment of elective surgery patients inthe surgical oncology division before and during early pandemic era of COVID-19pandemic