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Digitalisering av arkiverad information om vägprojekt
No full textRapporten beskriver var en kan hitta information om hur en väg är byggd, om vägområdet är fastställt via arbets- eller vägplan eller hur utförandet uppfyller de lagkrav som gällde när vägsträckan projekterades och byggdes. Rapportens målgrupp är personer som behöver hitta information om äldre vägar i arkiven. Rapporten innehåller även rekommendationer om åtgärder för att göra arkiverad information om vägar byggda före 1992 mer lättillgänglig
Benchmark tunga fordon för Euro NCAP
No full textRapporten är framtagen med ekonomiskt bidrag från Skyltfonden. Ståndpunkter och slutsatser i rapporten reflekterar författaren och överensstämmer inte med nödvändighet med Trafikverkets ståndpunkter och slutsatser inom rapportens ämnesområde. Vid trafikolyckor där tunga lastbilar kolliderar med andra trafikanter är risken mycket större att de andra trafikanterna skadas eller omkommer. I Sverige är nio av tio som omkommer i en olycka med tung lastbil andra trafikanter. För personbilar är aktiva säkerhetssystem som hjälper till att förhindra eller reducera allvarlighetsgraden vid olyckor mer eller mindre standard idag och är långt mer utvecklade än vad som regleras i lag. Tittar man på lastbilar, som färdas i samma trafikmiljöer som personbilar, är implementationen och mognaden av aktiva säkerhetssystem generellt sett lägre. En av anledningarna till detta kan vara att incitamentet för att utrusta fordon med säkerhetssystem ser annorlunda ut för lastbilar där inköparen eller ägaren i många fall inte är den person som kör fordonen på vägarna. Euro NCAP har uppmärksammat dessa problem i sin publikation: SAFER TRUCKS - On the road to Vision Zero. Under 2024 påbörjar Euro NCAP arbetet med att bedöma aktiva säkerhetssystem för lastbilar. Utvecklingen av de protokoll som kommer att användas vid bedömningarna görs i en arbetsgrupp mellan Euro NCAP, dess medlemmar och testlabb där AstaZero ingår. Kunskaper från detta projekt kommer att användas av arbetsgruppen i utvecklingen av dessa protokoll.
Placering av Vertiports – Persontrafik och Gods : Integrering av drönare och eVTOL för persontransporter och gods vid flygplatser, i städer och på landsbygd
No full textFlygplatserna är viktiga multimodala nav där olika transportslag möts. I en nära framtid kommer eVTOL vara en del av transportsystemet, utvecklingen går snabbt och redan idag finns flygande prototyper. Detta kommer komplettera möjligheten till smidig, hållbar och effektiv mobilitet till och från flygplatser från andra vertiports runt om i Sverige, vid resecenter och mobilitetshus. För att möjliggöra detta behöver vertiports skapas där eVTOL-resenärer på ett smidigt och effektivt sätt kan byta till andra transportslag vilket skapar nya möjligheter att stärka den regionala tillgängligheten.Att hitta platser för vertiports är inte enkelt, framförallt inte i stadsmiljö. Viktigt är dock att platsen naturligt blir en sömlös del av hela resekedjan för passageraren och/eller godset och bidrar till att förstärka mobilitet inom Sverige. Leveransen kartlägger olika aspekter och omfattar rekommendationer för placeringen.
Demonstration of enhanced and integrated line- and yard planning and possibilities for implementation
No full textThis document constitutes Deliverable D2.3 of the project FR8RAIL III Work Package (WP) 2 “Real-Time Network Management” within the framework of the Technology Demonstrator - TD5.2 “Digital Transport Management” of IP5 “Technologies for Sustainable & Attractive European Rail Freight” in Shift2Rail. The report documents the conducted work and results from task T2.3 and is the final deliverable from WP2. Three methods and tools have been developed, analysed, and demonstrated on real-world operational data. These tools address three different but equally important aspects for improving the efficiency of real-time network management of railways and contribute to closing the gap between planning and operations by enabling the traffic management to have a more proactive way of working . The focus of the work is on the coordination of freight operations at lines and marshalling yards, namely: • Coordination of all operational activities taking place at arrival/departure yards. • Replanning of timetables for line traffic. • Prediction of system effects and the combined operations of yards and lines. Firstly, an integrated demonstration platform for planning operational activities at a marshalling yard is studied. The developed Yard Coordination System (YCS) itself is described as well as how it has been applied and demonstrated in a workshop with experienced participants from the three principally involved stakeholders. The demonstration has shown that a tool like YCS can improve transparency and enable cooperative and pro-active planning. The practitioners reckoned that the tool could prevent and alleviate departure delays, and they expressed a strong wish for continued development of such support. An extensive list of experiences, development suggestions, potentials and risks are reported. Secondly, a timetable modification module (TIMO) for short-term replanning of line traffic is evaluated. The method uses a heuristic approach that aims at achieving a high bottleneck robustness, which together with algorithm runtime and several other criteria (train path deviation, change in departure time etc) are used in the evaluation. The effect of several parameters in TIMO are studied, such as iteration settings, size of allowed time windows and share of other train paths that may be adjusted—both for peak and off-peak traffic. Furthermore, how TIMO can be used in an iterative procedure to solve the replanning problem on the line in case of ad-hoc maintenance at the departure marshalling yard is demonstrated. The results show that TIMO’s performance depends greatly on various parameter settings, which delimits the (current) use cases for TIMO. Thirdly, a proof-of-concept model framework for increasing the predictability of yard departures and arrivals is evaluated. The model framework incorporates a machine learning-based yard departure deviation prediction model (YPM) into a macroscopic network simulation model (Proton). Both the infrastructure manager and the yard operator can benefit from this model framework; the former by getting a more realistic picture of the train that runs along the line, the latter by improved yard arrival estimations. Finally, the possibilities for real-time usage of these methods and tools are discussed along with their respective impact on the three system level performance indicators load factor, punctuality and average (transportation) speed. FR8RAIL II
Intensity and severity of ship conflicts : an AIS based approach
No full textThere is a lack of standardized methods for socio-economic evaluations within the maritime transport sector. This paper presents a model for analysing and quantifying the intensity and severity of ship conflicts using AIS (Automatic Identification System) data and expert assessments. Also, a case study applying the proposed method to the Southern Gothenburg Archipelago is carried out. The goal is to contribute to cost-benefit analyses within the maritime transport sector by a better understanding of how different actions, such as the widening of fairways or new regulation, impact maritime safety. The importance of validating the model by comparing its results with independent sources of reported maritime accidents is emphasized, and the challenges of using existing accident statistics for this purpose is discussed. The basic model described in the paper can be built upon by differentiating parameters by region and vessel type, account for seasonality etc. Furthermore, a downstream consequence analysis model is needed to enable a monetary valuation of (the consequences of) identified conflicts. Finally, the same principles as laid out here for conflict analysis can also be adopted to the identification of groundings.ESTIR- Effektsamband för sjösäkerhet – analys av tillbud som identifieras med RAIS-dat
Factors that make public transport systems attractive : A review of travel preferences and travel mode choices
No full textBackground: Many regions worldwide are struggling to create a mode shift from private cars to more sustainable transport modes. While there are many reviews regarding travellers' preferences and travel mode choices, there is a lack of an updated review that provides a comprehensive overview of the factors that make public transport systems attractive. Aim: This review aims to fill the knowledge gap by offering insights into the factors influencing travel behaviour and the demand for public transport. It has two primary objectives: & BULL; Summarize general conclusions drawn from international literature reviews. & BULL; Present specific insights on the topic pertaining to the Nordic countries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review with a Nordic focus regarding public transport preferences and travel mode choices. The special focus on these countries is motivated by their relatively more ambitious policies for reducing emissions in the transport sector compared to many other countries, and their relatively high usage of public transport today. Methods: To achieve these objectives, we conducted a review of existing literature. This review encompassed international literature reviews and included an examination of results from the Nordic countries. Findings: The findings show that reliability and frequency are important factors for creating an attractive public transport supply. However, there is only limited evidence regarding the impact of improvements in these attributes on public transport demand, so this needs more research. This review highlights the importance of understanding the underlying motivations for travel mode choice and provides recommendations on areas for further investigation to understand the attractiveness of public transport supply.Lokala preferenser som vägledning för ett effektivt kollektiv-trafikutbud: att fånga preferenser via ’discrete choice experiments’ och kundnöjdhetsmätninga
Prestudy on Establishing a Research Project on Forecasting Methodology
No full textSweden's transport system faces big challenges when it comes to meeting the needs of private individuals and businesses for efficient travel and transport and at the same time drastically reducing climate-affecting emissions. One area that has been identified as important for reducing emissions is shifting long-distance travel from air and road to rail. In order to be able to evaluate the effects of, and the effectiveness of, various measures, for example capacity increases in the railway network, accurate forecast models and effect relationships are required. The Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket) writes in the report Fördjupade beskrivningar av angelägen forskning och innovation för åren 2022-2027 (Trafikverket, 2021a): “Long-term planning is important to develop and maintain in order for the transport system to be able to develop and contribute to the societal development. The Swedish Transport Administration produces a basis for the direction and action planning (inriktnings- och åtgärdsplaneringen), which is the main instrument for this purpose. […] At the same time, in the long term there are uncertainties about the development of society in general and the development and use of the transport system. Methods and tools for analyzing different possible futures based on goal and market analysis therefore need to be further developed.” The report mentions, among other things, the development of input data and statistics for forecasts and socio-economic calculations, as well as impact assumptions for scenarios and analyzes of new phenomena. In the memo ”Analyser för stora järnvägsobjekt - brister och utvecklingsbehov” (Trafikverket, 2021b), the development needs are described as particularly large for large railway investments, as they dominate the budget for investments in the national plan. Areas that are singled out are data collection and analysis for validation of effects, method and model development in the short and long term of effects, as well as method development within traffic assumptions.QC 20240102Förstudie kring etablering av forskningsprogram för prognosmetodi
Assessment of aggregate structure in porous asphalt using X-ray computed tomography
No full textX-ray computed tomography is a technique that has been successfully utilized to characterize internal microstructure of asphalt mixtures. The city of Linköping (Sweden) developed an action plan to reduce noise; accordingly KTH and VTI developed a method to determine air void content in porous asphalt using x-ray computed tomography and an image processing software called ImageJ. The present study is a continuation of the previously mentioned work and focuses on the investigation of aggregate structure in porous asphalt by x-ray computed tomography. First the previously proposed method to estimate air void content was validated. Then, the assessment of aggregate structure including qualitative and quantitative analysis was completed. Qualitative evaluation was performed to determine the quality of slices in regard to establishing challenging areas, and the extent of beam hardening present in the X-ray images. This evaluation produced quality slices for each sample in Y-direction to work as a reference to establish general threshold ranges and image enhancement procedures, as well as identifying the interface between the top and bottom layer of the porous asphalt. The quantitative analysis consisted of analysing aggregate structures in the porous asphalt and developing a method to estimate the aggregate size distribution in porous asphalt layers. The gradation curves from the quantification of aggregate size distribution in all directions (X, Y, Z) were compared to the gradation curves from laboratory sieving tests previously performed on the drilled asphalt cores. To determine the accuracy of the method a perimeter analysis was performed to evaluate the suggested method to measure the aggregates. The results obtained indicate that to quantify the aggregates in porous asphalt, enhancement of the images is needed, as well as morphological operations to deal with beam hardening and overlapping stones due to unsuccessful separation of aggregates when thresholding. This further indicates that ImageJ Fiji is more suitable for complex cases, such as cases where aggregates and mastic are hard to distinguish from each other, rather than the original ImageJ software. This is due to the extended plugins available in ImageJ Fiji, where more options of for example filtering and enhancing of images are available. The results also suggest that the proposed method is a suitable method to determine the aggregate size distribution in porous asphalt pavements, as it allows to quantify the aggregate distribution and produces realistic results with slight inaccuracies due to the analysis being performed in 2D. Future development will be focused on automizing the determination of air void structure and aggregate size distribution, but also on the development of procedures to determine other relevant parameters such as mastic and binder content to establish a complete methodology to investigate the internal structure of a porous asphalt pavement, as well as 3D analysis to determine these parameters. Projektnummer: TRV 2020/72224Portfölj: ByggaEstimering av asfaltmassors sammansättning genom ostörd provning – Tomografianaly
Evakuering av kustnära fartyg i en automatiserad framtid
No full textDen kustnära färjetrafiken är en tacksam miljö för att testa nya automationslösningar. Här finns många fartyg som trafikerar relativt lugna vatten och där bemanningen redan idag är begränsad till en eller två personer. Men förändringar i teknik och bemanning kommer också kräva nya perspektiv i säkerhetsarbetet. I projektet SPECTRUM har besättningens roll vid en nödevakuering undersökts och jämförts med olika automationsscenarier för kustnära färjetrafik. Resultatet pekar ut områden där fortsatt forskning och utveckling är nödvändig för att säkerställa att en evakuering av ett fartyg kan genomföras med så goda förutsättningar som möjligt - om bemanningen reduceras, yrkesroller förändras eller om besättningen ersätts med automationslösningar.SPECTRUM – Ship Evacuation with Reduced Mannin
Prognos för godstransporter 2040 : Trafikverkets Basprognoser 2023
No full textRapporten innehåller en godsprognos för väg-, järnvägs- sjöfarts- och flygtransporters utveckling fram till år 2040. Prognosen är framtagen med den nationella godstransportmodellen Samgods