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Autonomous Perceptual Categorization for Robotic Lifelong Learning in Dynamic Domains
Get PDFAutonomously acquiring grounded information from on-line interaction in continuous and dynamic domains unknown at design time, to allow for abstraction and high-level reasoning, is still a challenging problem in robotics. In this work we propose an approach based on the generation of task-based dynamic perceptual equivalence classes that are constantly updated and adapted during the life of the robot, using three types of algorithms within the e-MDB cognitive architecture. Results are presented for a robot interacting with different domains, demonstrating the adaptability of the approach through experiments with arbitrary domain changes. The performance of the three implemented algorithms is compared, and the possible uses of this approach within cognitive architectures are discussed
Automatic Classification of the Economic Activity of a Company Using ML and DL Techniques: A First Approach
Get PDF"Often, a study or research process requires the analysis of large volumes of information in the form of unstructured text. This task consumes a large amount of time and resources of the human experts in charge of it. For this reason, there is great interest in developing automatic systems to support these activities by applying Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning techniques.
The work presented here is part of the CIDMEFEO project, developed in collaboration with the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Our work
focuses on the development of a text classification prototype for the identification and labeling of the different economical activities performed by Spanish companies.
Features of CuidaconTIC: A Technological Platform Focused on Informal Care
Get PDFCuidaconTIC is a technological platform, available in web and mobile versions, created to support informal carers of older and/or disabled people. It was developed through the TechQoL4Carers project, which aims to improve the quality of life, occupational balance, self-management of health and empowerment of carers. It offers a set of services designed to meet the daily needs of this population, including the collection of health data through wearable devices (specifically with the Xiaomi Smart Band 7), a personalised notification system based on the data collected by the wristband and a weekly questionnaire, and different sections with advice on self-care (called ‘Me cuido’) and care for others (called ‘Te cuido’
Chicanx Futurist Performances: Guillermo Gómez-Peña and the La Pocha Nostra Territorial Cartographies
No full text[Abstract] This chapter examines the performative power of La Pocha Nostra to build a transnational alternative space for neglected communities. Such space represents, through radical politics, a form of futurism in which reversed epistemologies and disidentified bodies coalesce to create new forms of society based on a posthuman aesthetic. In their cyberpunk pedagogical performances, La Pocha Nostra move cultural borders away from the epistemological margins, and they support alternative renderings of the exotic and the unfamiliar. This analysis of Gómez-Peña’s project also looks at other Chicanx narratives that present forms of futurisms in mural painting, video productions, literature, film, and performance
Self-perceived body weight and weight status: analysis of concordance by age group and sex
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Objectives: Previous studies suggest that there is discordance between actual weight status and body-weight perception. This fact has implications when it comes to designing public health interventions. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the different categories of weight status and body-weight perception and to analyse their concordance in a representative Spanish population sample.
Study design: Cross-sectional study.
Methods: Data were sourced from the 2018 Galician Risk Behaviour Data System, with the target population being all persons aged 16 years and above. We collected data on self-perceived body weight and assessed weight status on the basis of body mass index (BMI). BMI was estimated using self-reported measures of weight and height. To estimate concordance, Cohen's kappa coefficient, both unweighted and weighted with Cicchetti weights, was calculated.
Results: Data were obtained for 7853 individuals aged 16 years and above, whereas the overall unweighted concordance was 0.393 (95%CI: 0.377-0.409), with an agreement percentage of 61.6%, weighted concordance was 0.503 (0.490-0.517), with an agreement percentage of 86.6%. The highest concordance between self-perceived body weight and weight status was observed in women. By age group, the highest concordance was observed in the youngest group (16-24 years) for the BMI categories of underweight and overweight, and in the 45-64 age group for the category of obesity.
Conclusions: The results highlight the existence of differences between self-perceived body weight and weight status, according to sex and age
Towards stronger tobacco control policies to curb the smoking epidemic in Spain
Get PDFReview[Abstract] Smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke pose a significant risk to the health of populations. Although this evidence is not new, the commitment of countries to implement laws aimed at controlling consumption and eliminating exposure to secondhand smoke is uneven. Thus, in North America or in Europe, locations like California or Ireland, are pioneers in establishing policies aimed at protecting the population against smoking and secondhand smoke. Identifying measures that have worked would help control this important Public Health problem in other countries that are further behind in tobacco control policies. In Spain, there has been almost 15 years of little political action in legislation oriented to control the tobacco epidemic. If we want to achieve the tobacco endgame, new legislative measures must be implemented. In this paper, we have elucidated tobacco control policies that could be implemented and show how different countries have done so.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This study has been funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through project “PI22/00727” and co-financed by the European Union.info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ISCIII/Programa Estatal para Impulsar la Investigación Científico-Técnica y su Transferencia/PI22%2F00727/ES/Exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco: prevalencia y mortalidad atribuida en España y las Comunidades Autónomas. Resultados y aportaciones metodológicas para mejorar la toma de decisiones de las administraciones en el control del tabaquismo
A Blockchain Based System for Preventing Academic Forgery: Design and Practical Evaluation for CPU-Based and Low-Power Computers
Get PDFThis version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1109/BCCA62388.2024.10844456Presented at: 2024 6th International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA), Dubai, United Arab Emirates. https://bcca-conference.org/2024/[Abstract]: This paper describes a lightweight proof-of-concept that tackles the problem of academic certificate forgery with the use of a smart contract deployed in the Ethereum blockchain. The implemented application allows to request, update, download and verify students Academic Records (AR) easily. These ARs are backed up by a decentralized storage system based on InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). The ARs modifications are secured and tamper-proof, since they need to be approved by the network. Furthermore, this proof-of-concept was conceived to support future functionalities such as the verification of Curriculum Vitae (CV) merits, so its architecture could be the basis of many other types of decentralized applications. Not only was the application tested in terms of energy efficiency and performance, but it was also deployed on Single-Board Computers (SBCs) to evaluate its performance in an IoT network.This work has been funded by grant TED2021-129433A-C22 (HELENE) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR
Análisis de la identidad profesional en terapia ocupacional
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Contexto: a identidade profesional representa un elemento importante en terapia ocupacional porque permite construír as premisas nas que se sustenta desde unha perspectiva epistemolóxica e definir o rol en relación ás demais persoas profesionais. Desenvólvese a través das interaccións, as dinámicas interpersoais e a experiencia profesional, evolucionando de acordo cos valores éticos e os significados atribuídos.
Obxectivo: analizar o proceso de configuración da identidade profesional en terapia ocupacional.
Metodoloxía: esta tese doutoral confórmase polo compendio de publicacións científicas indexadas con diversas metodoloxías: (a) Scoping Review, (b) Q-Method e (c) Study Protocol.
Resultados: estas tres investigacións publicadas en revistas de alto impacto mostran como as prácticas pedagóxicas forxan a identidade profesional e o desenvolvemento da intelixencia profesional. A formación universitaria en si mesma non é suficiente para construír unha comprensión da identidade profesional, senón que precisa do amparo da educación formal, dos valores éticos e do apoio institucional como elementos esenciais.
Conclusión: resulta indispensable deseñar programas educativos que teñan en conta unha práctica dependente dun paradigma de ocupación e que empreguen modelos de capacitación práctica para fomentar unha identidade profesional dinámica, integrando coñecementos técnicos e un contexto moral práctico nas persoas terapeutas ocupacionais.[Resumen]
Contextualización: la identidad profesional representa un elemento importante en terapia ocupacional, porque permite construir las premisas en las que se sustenta desde una perspectiva epistemológica y definir el rol en relación a las demás personas profesionales. Se desarrolla a través de las interacciones, las dinámicas interpersonales y la experiencia profesional evolucionando de acuerdo con los valores éticos y los significados atribuidos.
Objetivo: analizar el proceso de configuración de la identidad profesional en terapia ocupacional.
Metodología: esta tesis doctoral la conforman el compendio de publicaciones científicas indexadas con diversas metodologías: (a) Scoping Review, (b) Q-Method y (c) Study Protocol.
Resultados: estas tres investigaciones publicadas en revistas de alto impacto muestran cómo las prácticas pedagógicas forjan la identidad profesional y el desarrollo de la inteligencia profesional. La formación universitaria en sí misma no es suficiente para construir una adecuada comprensión de la identidad profesional, sino que necesita el respaldo de la educación formal, los valores éticos y el apoyo institucional como elementos esenciales.
Conclusión: resulta indispensable diseñar programas educativos que tengan en cuenta una práctica dependiente de un paradigma de ocupación y que utilicen modelos de capacitación práctica para fomentar una identidad profesional dinámica, integrando conocimientos técnicos y un contexto moral práctico en las personas terapeutas ocupacionales.[Abstract]
Contextualization: Professional identity represents an important element in occupational therapy since it allows the development of its premises from an epistemological perspective and defines the role regarding other professionals. It is developed through interactions, interpersonal dynamics, and professional experience, with an evolution according to both ethical values and attributed meanings.
Aim: To analyze the design process of professional identity in occupational therapy.
Methodology: This doctoral thesis comprises a compendium of indexed scientific publications by using various methodologies: (a) Scoping Review, (b) Q-Method, and (c) Study Protocol.
Results: These three studies, published in high-impact journals, show how pedagogical practices build professional identity and the improvement of professional intelligence. University education by itself is not enough to establish an understanding of professional identity. Instead, it requires formal education, ethical values, and institutional support as essential elements.
Conclusion: It is essential to create educational programs which consider the practice dependent on an occupation-based paradigm and the use of practical training models to promote a dynamic professional identity, integrating both a technical knowledge and a practical moral context in occupational therapists
Regulation of LRP4 by Hakai and its impact on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in colon cancer
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A transición epitelio-mesénquima (TEM) no cancro é un proceso polo cal as células epiteliais adquiren características mesenquimais, perdendo a adhesión celular e gañando motilidade e capacidade invasiva, o que facilita a metástase tumoral. Inicialmente, identificouse Hakai como unha ligase de ubiquitina E3 que degrada a E-cadherina, debilitando a adhesión célula-célula e favorecendo a migración celular. Durante a TEM, as células tamén adquiren propiedades de célula nai tumoral (CSC). Porén, o papel de Hakai nas CSCs de colon e o seu mecanismo molecular subxacente seguen sendo descoñecidos. No presente estudo, demostramos que o silenciamento de Hakai reduce o tamaño e o número de esferas tumorais, acompañado dunha diminución nos marcadores de CSC. Utilizando técnicas proteómicas e computacionais, identificáronse varias proteínas relacionadas coas CSCs, incluíndo LRP4, un regulador negativo da vía Wnt/β-catenina. Hakai interacciona con LRP4, promovendo a súa ubiquitinación e degradación. A sobreexpresión de Hakai induce a activación de Wnt/β-catenina, e a súa acción combinada con LRP6 pode compensar o efecto antagonista de LRP4. En conxunto, este estudo describe a regulación de LRP4 por Hakai, propoñéndoo como un mecanismo que inflúe na vía de sinalización de Wnt no cancro de colon.[Resumen]
La transición epitelio-mesénquima (TEM) en el cáncer es un proceso por el cual las células epiteliales adquieren características mesenquimales, perdiendo adhesión celular y ganando motilidad e invasividad, lo que facilita la metástasis tumoral. Hakai se identificó inicialmente como una E3 ubiquitina-ligasa que degrada la E-cadherina, debilitando la adhesión célula-célula y potenciando la migración e invasión celular. Durante la TEM, las células también adquieren propiedades de células madre tumorales (CSCs). Sin embargo, aún se desconoce el papel de Hakai en CSCs de colon y su mecanismo molecular subyacente. En el presente estudio hemos demostrado que el silenciamiento de Hakai reduce el tamaño y número de tumorosferas, acompañado de la disminución de marcadores de CSC. Empleando técnicas proteómicas e informáticas se han identificado diferentes proteínas relacionadas con CSCs, incluyendo LRP4, un regulador negativo de la ruta de Wnt/β-catenina. Hakai interactúa con LRP4, promoviendo su ubiquitinación y degradación. La sobreexpresión de Hakai induce la activación de la ruta de Wnt/β-catenina y su acción combinada con LRP6 puede compensar el efecto antagonista de LRP4. En conjunto, este estudio describe la regulación de LRP4 por Hakai proponiéndose como un mecanismo que influye en la vía de señalización de Wnt en el cáncer de colon.[Abstract]
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer is a process by which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal characteristics, losing cell adhesion and gaining motility and invasiveness, which facilitates tumor metastasis. Hakai was initially identified as an E3 ubiquitin-ligase that degrades E-cadherin, weakening cell-cell adhesion and enhancing cell migration. During TEM, the cells also acquire properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the role of Hakai in colon CSCs and its underlying molecular mechanism remain unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that Hakai silencing reduces the size and number of tumorspheres, accompanied by a decrease in CSCs markers. Using proteomic and computational techniques, several CSC-related proteins have been identified, including LRP4, a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Hakai interacts with LRP4, promoting its ubiquitination and degradation. Overexpression of Hakai induces Wnt/β-catenin activation, and its combined action with LRP6 can compensate for the antagonistic effect of LRP4. Overall, this study describes the regulation of LRP4 by Hakai, proposing it as a mechanism that influences the Wnt signaling pathway in colon cancer.Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer. Fundación Científica AECC; PRDLC21591RODRThe research conducted in this Doctoral Thesis was made possible thanks to the predoctoral grant from the Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer - Fundación Científica AECC (Ayuda Predoctoral AECC La Coruña 2021, PRDLC21591RODR)
Inteligencia Artificial Frugal: Aprendizaje Automático con datos limitados
Get PDF[Resumen]: Muchas soluciones actuales basadas en aprendizaje automático (AA) enfrentan desafíos como
la escasez de datos, los elevados costes computacionales o la necesidad de rapidez de entrenamiento, que es uno de los problemas que se pueden encontrar en campos como la robótica,
independientemente de si se dispone de datos suficientes. Este hecho da lugar a una nueva
línea de investigación conocida como inteligencia artificial frugal y motiva la realización de
este trabajo de final de grado, en el que se explorará el concepto de few-shot learning (FSL).
Se trata de una técnica que busca capacitar a los modelos para realizar tareas con un número
limitado de ejemplos de entrenamiento y que proporciona soluciones a los problemas anteriormente mencionados. Así, en primer lugar se realizará un análisis del estado del arte y se
analizarán varios métodos basados en el concepto de FSL. Posteriormente, se llevará a cabo
una comparativa de los mismos, utilizando conjuntos de datos adecuados. Además, se pondrá
en práctica uno de estos métodos aplicándolo al problema de aprendizaje de un robot, con el
objetivo de evaluar su efectividad y rendimiento en una tarea real. De esta forma, el trabajo
no solo se centrará en la comprensión y aplicación del few-shot learning, sino que también
proporcionará conocimientos prácticos sobre su aplicación en el campo de la robótica.[Abstract]: Many current machine learning (ML) solutions face challenges such as data scarcity, high
computational costs, and the need for fast training, which is one of the issues encountered
in fields like robotics, regardless of whether sufficient data is available. This situation has
given rise to a new line of research known as frugal artificial intelligence and motivates the
realization of this final degree project, which will explore the concept of few-shot learning
(FSL). FSL is a technique aimed at enabling models to perform tasks with a limited number
of training examples and offers solutions to the previously mentioned problems. First, an
analysis of the state of the art will be conducted, reviewing several methods based on the FSL
concept. Then, a comparison of these methods will be carried out using appropriate datasets.
Additionally, one of these methods will be applied to the problem of robot learning to evaluate
its effectiveness and performance in a real task. In this way, the project will not only focus
on understanding and applying few-shot learning but will also provide practical insights into
its application in the field of robotics.Traballo fin de mestrado (UDC.FIC). Enxeñaría Informática. Curso 2024/202