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Impact of chromosomally encoded resistance mechanisms and transferable β-lactamases on the activity of cefiderocol and innovative β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Get PDF[Abstract]
Objectives: We aimed to compare the stability of the newly developed β-lactams (cefiderocol) and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, aztreonam/avibactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/zidebactam, imipenem/relebactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, meropenem/nacubactam and meropenem/xeruborbactam) against the most clinically relevant mechanisms of mutational and transferable β-lactam resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Methods: We screened a collection of 61 P. aeruginosa PAO1 derivatives. Eighteen isolates displayed the most relevant mechanisms of mutational resistance to β-lactams. The other 43 constructs expressed transferable β-lactamases from genes cloned in pUCP-24. MICs were determined by reference broth microdilution.
Results: Cefiderocol and imipenem/relebactam exhibited excellent in vitro activity against all of the mutational resistance mechanisms studied. Aztreonam/avibactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/zidebactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, meropenem/nacubactam and meropenem/xeruborbactam proved to be more vulnerable to mutational events, especially to overexpression of efflux operons. The agents exhibiting the widest spectrum of activity against transferable β-lactamases were aztreonam/avibactam and cefepime/zidebactam, followed by cefepime/taniborbactam, cefiderocol, meropenem/xeruborbactam and meropenem/nacubactam. However, some MBLs, particularly NDM enzymes, may affect their activity. Combined production of certain enzymes (e.g. NDM-1) with increased MexAB-OprM-mediated efflux and OprD deficiency results in resistance to almost all agents tested, including last options such as aztreonam/avibactam and cefiderocol.
Conclusions: Cefiderocol and new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations show promising and complementary in vitro activity against mutational and transferable P. aeruginosa β-lactam resistance. However, the combined effects of efflux pumps, OprD deficiency and efficient β-lactamases could still result in the loss of all therapeutic options. Resistance surveillance, judicious use of new agents and continued drug development efforts are encouraged.info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ISCIII/Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento del Sistema Español de I+D+I/PI20%2F01212/ES/DESARROLLO Y EVALUACION DE NUEVAS MOLECULAS ANTIMICROBIANAS DIRIGIDAS A PATOGENOS MULTIRRESISTENTES (INHIBIDORES DE ß-LACTAMASAS Y CONJUGADOS TETRACICLINAS-SIDEROFOROS). ESTUDIO NACIONAL ACINETOBACTER SPP.info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ISCIII/Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento del Sistema Español de I+D+I/PI21%2F00704/ES/VACUNAS AUXOTROFAS ORALES PARA LA ERRADICACION DE BACTERIAS INTESTINALES: COLONIZACIÓN INTESTINAL POR KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE MULTIRRESISTENTE COMO MODELOinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ISCIII/Programa Estatal para Impulsar la Investigación Científico-Técnica y su Transferencia/PI22%2F01212/ES/Inhibidores de carbapenemasas: actividad frente a Enterobacterales productores de carbapenemasas, mecanismos e impacto en la evolución de la resistencia antimicrobiana (PROTECT)info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ISCIII/Programa Estatal para impulsar la investigación científico-técnica y su transferencia/PI23%2F00851/ES/Actividad in vivo de nuevos inhibidores de carbapenemasas frente a patógenos críticos multirresistentes: K. pneumoniae productor de carbapenemasas y P. aeruginosa.Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas; CB21/13/00055Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas; CB21/13/00099)info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Programa Estatal de I+D+I Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad/RD16%2F0016%2F0004/ES/RED ESPAÑOLA DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN PATOLOGÍAS INFECCIOSASnfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Programa Estatal de I+D+I Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad/RD16%2F0016%2F0006/ES/RED ESPAÑOLA DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN PATOLOGÍAS INFECCIOSASXunta de Galicia; IN607D 2021/12Xunta de Galicia; IN607A 2016/2
Deictic vs. anaphoric pronouns: a comparison of fluent and non-fluent aphasia in english and tagalog
Get PDF[Abstract] Deictic pronouns refer directly to the extralinguistic world (as in Stop her!), while anaphoric pronouns refer to elements introduced in discourse (as in My best friend is Mary. John adores her.). The distinction is central to linguistic theory and may be central also for understanding aphasia. This paper compares the production of deictic and anaphoric pronouns in fluent aphasia and non-fluent aphasia. It does so both for English and for Tagalog, which allows extensive omission of pronominal arguments. For both languages, the results show a dissociation between deictic and anaphoric pronouns. Non-fluent aphasic speech displays a lower proportion of anaphoric pronouns to non-pronouns than non-brain-damaged speech, while the proportion of deictic pronouns to non-pronouns is either not different (Tagalog) or higher (English). In contrast, fluent aphasic speech displays a higher proportion of deictic pronouns to non-pronouns, while the proportion of anaphoric pronouns is either not different (Tagalog) or lower (English)
The Māori According to Katherine Mansfield: A Postcolonial Feminist Approach
Get PDF[]Abstract] This undergraduate dissertation explores Katherine Mansfield’s representations of
Māori people in her early texts, written between 1907 and 1915, through a postcolonial
feminist approach. For this purpose, I analyze three short stories—“How Pearl Button Was
Kidnapped” (1912), “Summer Idyll” (1907), and “Young Country” (1913)—with special
attention to ethnic difference, gender relations, and cultural identity; additionally, I explore
the relationship between colonizer and colonized women through her portrayal of both the
white settlers and the Māori in the social context of colonial New Zealand.
As for the methodology, I rely on Gerri Kimber and Vincent O’Sullivan’s The
Collected Fiction of Katherine Mansfield, 1898-1915 for texts that strongly feature Māori
characters. For an introductory approach to postcolonial feminism, I refer to the work of
Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Gayatri Spivak, and Deepika Bahri. In addition, I examine the
available critical literature on Mansfield’s early writings, particularly Janet Wilson’s
postcolonial readings. Then, I consider in detail the three texts selected, through a close reading analysis that takes their context into account. Lastly, I refer to historical sources such
as George Grey’s Polynesian Mythology and Ancient Traditional History of the New Zealand
Race and dictionaries like Patrick Hanks and Flavia Hodges’ A Dictionary of First Names,
which contextualize some of Mansfield’s literary devices.
This paper consists of two main parts: the first part provides a definition of
postcolonial feminism, its object of study and key concepts, which are used as the framework
for the literary analysis; the second part begins by exploring different critical approaches to
Mansfield’s work and its postcolonial elements. This section is also divided in three
subsections, each of which is dedicated to the analysis of a short story’s subject matter and
stylistic features.
The three texts studied portray a complex relationship between a female settler and
one or more Māori women. The relationships differ in nature and fluctuate between
fascination, fear, and attraction; moreover, the settler usually finds in her Māori counterpart
an alternative to the western values that have been imposed upon her. Through a postcolonial
feminist reading, I conclude that Māori women are central to Mansfield’s production during
her early years as a writer though these representations are ambivalent and complex. While
Māori culture often appears as liberating and attractive, this portrayal also results in
essentialist tropes, exoticism, and the ambivalence that is common in colonizer literature;
nevertheless, Mansfield experiments with binaries of gender, ethnicity, and culture, which
produces a multilayered representation of the intersections between settler and indigenous
women in the colonial settingTraballo fin de grao (UDC.FIL). Inglés: estudios lingüísticos y literarios. Curso 2023/202
Django Unchained, American Slavery and The Dual Nature of Violence as a Tool for Oppression and Liberation
Get PDF[Abstract] This end-of-degree thesis will examine as its main subject of analysis the media
representation of North American slavery in the Antebellum Period and the history of
structural violence in the United States using the film Django Unchained (Quentin
Tarantino, 2012). Slavery, its presence in the United States and its role in shaping
American history and cultural identity has been present thoroughly in media. From Gone
with the Wind (Victor Fleming, 1939) to 12 Years a Slave (Steve McQueen, 2013) the
representations of slavery in film are varied in points of view and tone. Inevitably, such
films must also tackle violence; be it as the Civil War brought about by this practice or,
more commonly in recent decades, by portraying the perspective of the enslaved and the
violence inflicted upon them. Media developed through this lens, however, can
sometimes depict liberation as something achieved through non-violent self-actualization
or the intervention of sympathetic white men, as is the case of 12 Years a Slave. In this
aspect, Django Unchained is a rarity worth examining, where freedom is presented as
something earned with the same violence that is used to oppress, bringing back the figure
of the righteous gunslinger present in Westerns like the original Django (Sergio Corbucci,
1966). By analysing information present in other academic works related to the topic of
this dissertation and examining other related media, this end-of-degree thesis will prove
that previous media representations of slavery lacked the multi-faceted examination of
violence as a tool of both liberation and oppression that Django Unchained presents.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.FIL). Inglés: estudios lingüísticos y literarios. Curso 2023/202
The power of occupational therapy in disaster situations
Get PDF[Resumen] Los desastres naturales o tecnológicos generan grandes impactos físicos, ocupacionales y sociales. Frente a estas adversidades, la terapia ocupacional surge como un aliado crucial para ayudar a las personas a recuperar su funcionalidad y sentido de cotidianidad. Desde las primeras etapas, la terapia ocupacional provee el acceso a la ocupación, promoviendo la dignidad incluso en medio del caos. En fases de reconstrucción, su labor se centra en la rehabilitación vocacional, el diseño universal y el fortalecimiento de las comunidades. A través de actividades significativas, las y los terapeutas ocupacionales ayudan a transformar desafíos en resiliencia, devolviendo a las personas la capacidad de participar plenamente en sus vidas. Con el aumento de desastres debido al cambio climático y a distintos conflictos, el papel de la terapia ocupacional será aún más esencial, asegurando justicia ocupacional y dignidad para todas las personas. Su enfoque holístico trasciende a la supervivencia, permitiendo a las personas prosperar incluso en las peores circunstancias.[Abstract] Natural or technological disasters create significant physical, occupational, and social impacts. In the face of these adversities, occupational therapy emerges as a crucial ally in helping individuals regain functionality and a sense of normalcy. From the earliest stages, occupational therapy provides access to meaningful activities, promoting dignity even amidst chaos. During reconstruction phases, its efforts focus on vocational rehabilitation, universal design, and community strengthening. Through meaningful activities, occupational therapists help transform challenges into resilience, restoring people's ability to fully participate in their lives. With the increasing frequency of disasters due to climate change and various conflicts, the role of occupational therapy will become even more essential, ensuring occupational justice and dignity for all. Its holistic approach goes beyond survival, enabling individuals to thrive even under the worst circumstances
European waste management regulations in Spanish local administrations: Compliance assessment and integration Frontiers
Get PDF[Abstract]: This research analyzes the impact of European directives, particularly the Waste Framework Directive, on municipal waste management in Spain, with a focus on Law 7/2022 promoting circular economy principles. Through an assessment of waste management ordinances in 980 municipalities, the study found that over 60% of local ordinances have not yet fully incorporated the latest regulatory requirements, indicating significant delays in adapting to European regulations. The findings reveal notable disparities in compliance, with larger municipalities showing higher adaptation rates compared to smaller ones. Additionally, regions like Catalonia and the Balearic Islands have adopted innovative approaches, including ‘pay-as-you-throw’ schemes and community composting. The study underscores the critical need for better integration of circular economy principles, enhanced monitoring, and increased public awareness to promote sustainable waste management practices. By identifying regulatory gaps, this research aims to provide practical insights for improving local waste management policies and fostering greater compliance with EU mandates.[Resumen]: Este estudio analiza el impacto de las directivas europeas, en particular la Directiva marco sobre residuos, en la gestión de residuos municipales en España, centrándose en la Ley 7/2022 que promueve los principios de la economía circular. Mediante una evaluación de las ordenanzas de gestión de residuos en 980 municipios, el estudio descubrió que más del 60 % de las ordenanzas locales aún no han incorporado plenamente los últimos requisitos reglamentarios, lo que indica retrasos significativos en la adaptación a la normativa europea. Los resultados revelan notables disparidades en el cumplimiento, con municipios más grandes que muestran mayores tasas de adaptación en comparación con los más pequeños. Además, regiones como Cataluña y las Islas Baleares han adoptado enfoques innovadores, como los sistemas de pago por generación de residuos y el compostaje comunitario. El estudio subraya la necesidad crítica de una mejor integración de los principios de la economía circular, una mayor supervisión y una mayor concienciación pública para promover prácticas de gestión sostenible de los residuos. Al identificar las lagunas normativas, esta investigación pretende proporcionar conocimientos prácticos para mejorar las políticas locales de gestión de residuos y fomentar un mayor cumplimiento de los mandatos de la UE.Funding information: Ministerio de Ciencia, innovación y Universidades" in Spain, the english version is "Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Grant/Award Number: TED2021-129734B-I00.NG.EU BDNS 5984
Desarrollo de una aplicación de control de gastos financieros
Get PDF[Resumen]: Este trabajo de fin de grado presenta el desarrollo de una aplicación web SPA (Single Page Application) destinada a simplificar la gestión de los gastos personales. La aplicación permitirá a los usuarios registrarse, iniciar sesión, gestionar sus gastos, crear categorías personalizadas y añadir etiquetas a sus gastos. Asimismo, los usuarios podrán visualizar y buscar sus gastos de manera eficiente y conveniente, utilizando tanto las categorías como las etiquetas para una
organización más detallada. El diseño de la aplicación se enfocará en proporcionar una experiencia de usuario intuitiva y amigable, con una interfaz clara y sencilla. Además, se incluirán funciones de internacionalización para garantizar su accesibilidad a una audiencia global. El principal objetivo de este proyecto es ofrecer una herramienta que facilite el seguimiento ycontrol de los gastos personales, ayudando a los usuarios a obtener una visión clara de sus finanzas y alcanzar un equilibrio financiero adecuado. La aplicación constará de un backend desarrollado en Java utilizando el framework Spring Boot y una API REST para la comunicación con el frontend. El frontend se construirá utilizando JavaScript y el framework React. Esta combinación de tecnologías permitirá crear una aplicación robusta, escalable y fácil de mantener. La aplicación se desarrollará utilizando una arquitectura basada en dos componentes principales: el backend, construido en Java con el framework Spring Boot y gestionado con Maven, para facilitar la creación de APIs RESTful y la integración con bases de datos
relacionales, utilizando H2; y el frontend, desarrollado en JavaScript con React y Redux, permitiendo una gestión eficiente del estado de la aplicación y una interfaz de usuario dinámica y responsiva. Además, se emplean herramientas como Node.js para la gestión de dependencias y construcción del frontend, Service Workers para mejorar el rendimiento y funcionalidades offline, y Bootstrap junto con CSS para asegurar un diseño atractivo y adaptativo. Estas tecnologías trabajan en conjunto para ofrecer una aplicación web robusta, escalable y fácil de mantener.[Abstract]: Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should show what a printed text will look like at this place. If you read this text, you will get no information. Really? Is there no information? Is there a difference between this text and some nonsense like “Huardest gefburn”? Kjift – not at all! A blind text like this gives you information about the selected font, how the letters are written and an impression of the look. This text should contain all letters of the alphabet and it should be written in of the original language. There is no need for special content, but the length of words should match the language. This final degree project presents the development of a SPA (Single Page Application) web application aimed at simplifying personal expense management. The application will allow users to register, log in, manage their expenses, create custom categories, and add tags to their expenses. Additionally, users will be able to efficiently and conveniently view and search their expenses, using both categories and tags for more detailed organization. The design of the application will focus on providing an intuitive and user-friendly experience, with a clear and simple interface. Furthermore, internationalization features will be included to ensure accessibility to a global audience. The main goal of this project is to offer a tool that facilitates the tracking and management of personal expenses, helping users gain a clear understanding of their finances and achieve proper financial balance. The application will consist of a backend developed in Java using the Spring Boot framework and a REST API for communication with the frontend. The frontend will be built using
JavaScript and the React framework. This combination of technologies will enable the creation of a robust, scalable, and easy-to-maintain application. The application will be developed using an architecture based on two main components: the backend, built in Java with the Spring Boot framework and managed with Maven, to facilitate the creation of RESTful APIs and integration with relational databases using H2; and the frontend, developed in JavaScript with React and Redux, allowing efficient state management of the application and a dynamic, responsive user interface. Additionally, tools such as Node.js are used for dependency management and frontend building, Service Workers to improve performance and offline functionality, and Bootstrap along with CSS to ensure an attractive and adaptive design. These technologies work together to provide a robust, scalable, and easy-to-maintain web application.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.FIC). Enxeñaría Informática. Curso 2023/202
Search of new applications for porous nanomaterials with temperature changes induced by pressure
Get PDF[Resumen] Hoy en día la refrigeración representa el 20% del consumo de energía global y por tanto una fuente muy importante de gases de efecto invernadero. Además, estas tecnologías utilizan actualmente de gases refrigerantes con alto potencial de calentamiento global,como gases fluorados. Para evitarlo se están sustituyendo por CO2, pero no es una
alternativa definitiva debido a las limitaciones intrínsecas de esta última sustancia (como la alta presión de trabajo o la existencia de un punto crítico). Según investigaciones recientes, algunos nanomateriales porosos, al trabajar con CO2, suprimen las limitaciones de este gas manteniendo su capacidad refrigerante. Teniendo en cuenta todo esto y con el objetivo de desarrollar nuevas tecnologías, este TFG se centra en analizar el funcionamiento y aplicabilidad de dos nanomateriales porosos refrigerantes con efecto “respiro-calórico”: El MIL-53(Al) y el MOF-508b. Para ello se estudia la posibilidad de ofrecer una alternativa a los refrigerantes actuales y se analizan los sistemas de ciertos sectores emergentes como el automotriz y la refrigeración personal. De mi estudio concluyo que estos nanomateriales pueden suplir algunas carencias de los refrigerantes actuales y abren las puertas a la implementación de sistemas novedosos de refrigeración en ausencia de una fuente de energía eléctrica de alta potencia.[Resumo] Hoxe a refrixeración representa o 20% do consumo mundial de enerxía e, polo tanto, é unha
fonte moi importante de gases de efecto invernadoiro. Ademais, estas tecnoloxías requiren
o uso de materiais con alto potencial global de cemento. Para evitalo, estes materiais
refrixerantes están sendo substituídos por CO2, pero non é unha alternativa definitiva polas
limitacións intrínsecas deste material (como a alta presión de traballo ou a existencia dun
punto crítico). Segundo investigacións recentes, algúns nanomateriais porosos, ao traballar
con CO2, eliminan as limitacións deste gas mantendo a súa capacidade de refrixeración.
Tendo en conta isto e co obxecto de desenvolver novas tecnoloxías, este TFG centrarase
na análise do funcionamento e aplicabilidade de dous nanomateriais porosos: MIL-53(Al) e
MOF-508b. Para iso estudarase a posibilidade de ofrecer unha alternativa aos actuais
materiais frigoríficos e analizaranse os sistemas de determinados sectores emerxentes
como a automoción e a refrixeración persoal. Estes nanomateriais permiten cubrir algunhas
carencias dos actuais materiais de refrixeración e abren a porta á implantación de novos
sistemas ante a ausencia dunha fonte de enerxía eléctrica de gran potencia.[Abstract] Nowadays, refrigeration accounts for 20% of global energy consumption and is a significant
source of greenhouse gases. Additionally, these technologies currently use refrigerants with
high global warming potential. To avoid this, they are being replaced by CO2, but it is not a
definitive alternative due to the intrinsic limitations of this material (such as high working
pressure or the existence of a critical point). According to recent research, some porous
nanomaterials, when working with CO2, suppress the limitations of this gas while
maintaining its refrigerant capacity. Taking all this into account and with the aim of developing
new technologies, this TFG will focus on analyzing the functionality and applicability of two
porous nanomaterials: MIL-53(Al) and MOF-508b. For that, the possibility of offering an
alternative to current refrigerants is studied, and the systems of certain emerging sectors
such as automotive and personal refrigeration are analyzed. From my study, I conclude that
these nanomaterials can compensate for some deficiencies of current refrigerants and open
the door to the implementation of innovative refrigeration systems in the absence of a highpower
electrical energy source.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.CIE). Nanociencia e Nanotecnoloxía. Curso 2023/202
Proyecto de rehabilitación del Monasterio de Santa Comba de Naves
Get PDF[Resumen]: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo ser el proyecto de fin de Grado en Arquitectura Técnica por la Universidad de A Coruña. La supervisión ha sido realizada por el profesor Rubén Fernández Prado, del departamento de construcciones y estructuras arquitectónicas, civiles y aeronáuticas. El proyecto aborda la rehabilitación del Monasterio de Santa Comba de Naves, en Ourense, un edificio protegido integralmente como Bien de Interés Cultural (BIC). La intervención se lleva a cabo siguiendo estrictos criterios de conservación patrimonial, utilizando la madera contralaminada (CLT) y el zinc como materiales principales para respetar y complementar la estructura original. El enfoque de la rehabilitación consiste en la incorporación de una nueva estructura de paneles de madera contralaminada dentro del edificio, de forma que se garantice su estabilidad sin alterar la configuración de los elementos originales, salvo las labores necesarias de consolidación. La elección del CLT responde a sus cualidades técnicas: una excelente capacidad de aislamiento térmico, alta inercia térmica y rapidez en el montaje, lo que lo convierte en un material idóneo para proyectos de rehabilitación en edificios históricos. Asimismo, se emplea zinc en las cubiertas por su durabilidad y resistencia a la corrosión, en armonía con los requisitos estéticos y de conservación del monasterio. El uso de estos materiales permite una rehabilitación respetuosa con el valor patrimonial del inmueble, mejorando su eficiencia energética y su estabilidad estructural sin comprometer su integridad histórica. Los detalles constructivos y técnicos que sustentan este proyecto están documentados en la memoria gráfica y escrita, demostrando cómo la tecnología moderna puede aplicarse en el ámbito de la restauración patrimonial.[Abstract]: The present work aims to serve as the final degree project for the Bachelor's Degree in Technical Architecture at the
University of A Coruña. It has been supervised by Professor Rubén Fernández Prado from the Department of Architectural,
Civil, and Aeronautical Structures and Constructions.
The project focuses on the rehabilitation of the Monastery of Santa Comba de Naves, in Ourense, a building fully protected
as a Cultural Heritage Site (BIC).
The intervention follows strict heritage conservation criteria, using cross-laminated timber (CLT) and zinc as the main
materials. The rehabilitation approach involves incorporating a new structure of cross-laminated timber panels within the
building to ensure its stability without altering the configuration of the original elements, except for necessary consolidation
work.
The choice of CLT is based on its technical qualities: excellent thermal insulation capacity, high thermal inertia, and quick
assembly, making it an ideal material for rehabilitation projects in historic buildings. Additionally, zinc is used for roofing due
to its durability and resistance to corrosion, in harmony with the aesthetic and conservation requirements of the monastery.
The use of these materials allows for a respectful rehabilitation of the building’s heritage value, improving its energy
efficiency and structural stability without compromising its integrity. The technical and construction details supporting this
project are documented in the graphic and written reports, demonstrating how modern technology can be applied in the field
of heritage restoration.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.EUAT). Arquitectura técnica. Curso 2023/202
University Training in Tourism for People With Intellectual Disabilities From an EDI Perspective as an Engine for Inclusion: The Case of Spain
No full text[Abstract] This research analyses the structure of university training offerings for individuals with intellectual disabilities within the Spanish university system. The Spanish territory will be used as a case study due to its tourism strength, as well as the historical ramification of the sector in higher education. Multiple studies on inclusion and tourism have been conducted so far but without a detailed analysis of university training offerings for groups with disabilities. Additionally, a novel research variant is introduced, focusing on the analysis of intellectual disabilities, a group that was marginalized in universities until a few years ago, and within this, the EDI (equity, disability, inclusion) perspective. A compilation and analysis of university offerings oriented towards the tourism sector for this group, the involvement of the private sector and the role of inclusion institutions will be carried out. The research will utilize quantitative and qualitative techniques, including semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders