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Investigation of uniform and graded sediment wash-off in an urban drainage system: numerical model validation from a rainfall simulator in an experimental facility
Get PDF[Abstract:] Understanding sediment wash-off in urban environments plays an essential role in sediment transport management; and is critical for accurate pluvial flood control to assist in adaptation and mitigation strategies. Sediment transport models have been researched previously, though challenges still arise due to the complicated nature of graded sediment transport. This study tested the accuracy of the van Rijn model using a sparse distribution of particle sizes using the geometric mean. As such, this study used high-resolution datasets collected in a water laboratory to investigate sediment wash-off and transport on an urban street. This included the interaction of two gully pots receiving sediment loads that were washed off from a hypothetical urban surface by three rainfall intensities. The results showed that the model was able to simulate uniform sediments entering the gully pots accurately when the sediment size was assigned to a median diameter. Using the grain diameter to represent the geometric mean can improve the model performance for simulating a graded sediment.EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Water Informatics Science and Engineering, WISE CDT; EP/L016214/1The work presented in this paper was carried out as part of PhD research and was supported by the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Water Informatics Science and Engineering (WISE CDT; EP/L016214/1). The experimental part and data collection received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities under POREDRAIN project RTI2018-094217-B-C33 (MINECO/FEDER-EU). The authors would also like to thank the Danish Hydraulic Institute for supplying the academic license for the MIKE 21 model
Foiled transnational justice?: an exploration of the failures of EU judicial cooperation procedures
Get PDF[Abstract] This chapter shows that EU institutions have long acknowledged that the FDs on transfer procedures have been failing to meet their expectations, particularly FD 947 and FD 829. It examines a law enforcement measure relatively similar to the transfer procedures under study which has been gaining significant momentum across Europe, the deportation orders targeting EU nationals. There are remarkable differences between judicial cooperation transfers and deportations targeting EU citizens. To begin with, FD 909, FD 947 and FD 829 procedures are expected to be regularly implemented and utilised by European criminal justice agencies. By contrast, the deportation practices regulated by the Citizenship Rights’ Directive are legally considered as exceptional measures. The scant utilisation of FD 909, and especially FD 947 and FD 829 procedures, has been a motive of concern for both institutions and academic communities. The various stakeholders engaging in a conversation on the obstacles preventing transfer procedures from being widespread have largely adopted legal viewpoints
Modern Pilgrims: The Motivations of Solo Female Travellers on the English Way
Get PDF[Resumen] Desde la peregrinación a Santiago de Compostela de Jimena de Asturias junto a su esposo Alfonso III el Magno hasta la actualidad, las diferentes Rutas Xacobeas han contado con la presencia de mujeres. En los últimos años el número de mujeres ha superado alde varones entre las personas que recorren el Camino Inglés, indicando el alto grado de popularidad que la peregrinación ha alcanzado en la actualidad entre el género femenino. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en determinar las principales motivaciones de las mujeres que realizan el Camino Inglés solas mediante el análisis de los factores pushy pullde la experiencia durante la peregrinación. La investigación se ha basado en 699 encuestas efectuadas a personas que se encontraban realizando el Camino Inglés durante el año Xacobeo 2022. De la mencionada muestra se ha efectuado un análisis en profundidad respecto a las mujeres que realizaron el Camino solas, comparando en ciertos casos con las mujeres que viajan acompañadas o con el total de la muestra, para hallar similitudes y contrastes. Se ha continuado con un análisis exploratorio del gasto que estas mujeres tienen y, por último, se ha buscado conocer el nivel de satisfacción de dichas mujeres respecto a factores clave como son la hospitalidad y la seguridad.[Abstract] Ever since the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela by Jimena de Asturias and her husband Alfonso III the Great, the St James Way has been travelled by women. In recent years, the number of women travellers has surpassed the number of men making the journey along the so-called English Way, indicating the pilgrimage route’s high popularity among female travellers. The aim of this article is to identify the main motivations among women who travel the English Way alone using an analysis of push and pull factors. The data for the study were collected from 699 surveys of people on the route in 2022. The sample was used to analyse solo women travellers’ motivations compared to those of women travelling with other people. An exploratory analysis of spending was also carried out, together with an assessment of satisfaction with key factors such as safety and hospitality
Application of the Time–Temperature Superposition Principle to Predict Long-Term Behaviour of an Adhesive for Use in Shipbuilding
Get PDFFinanciado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract]: The use of adhesives in the marine sector is rather limited at the time being, but their use in specific areas of the ship would
be an advantage due, among other things, to their low weight and low stress concentration along the bonding joint. The aim
of this work is to predict the long-term behaviour of the material, as this is a critical factor when using adhesive as a bonding
method in ships, since its durability must be guaranteed throughout a previously defined life cycle. This can be predicted by
applying the time–temperature superposition principle (TTS), which involves carrying out a test at different temperatures for
each specimen, considerably reducing the test time. Two types of experiments have been carried out according with operation
modes in dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA): a dynamic frequency sweep and a stationary creep test under constant stress,
to check the behaviour of the adhesive under both dynamic and sustained loading. The master curve for the frequency study
will be constructed in such a way as to cover the whole range of relevant vibrations that can occur on the vessel, while that for
the creep test the curve obtained covers a range of 25 years, which is usually used as the minimum service life in shipbuilding.
For both, a temperature range from room temperature to the maximum operating temperature of the material established by
the manufacturer shall be studied
Phytoplankton detection and recognition in freshwater digital microscopy images using deep learning object detectors
No full text[Absctract]: Water quality can be negatively affected by the presence of some toxic phytoplankton species, whose toxins are difficult to remove by conventional purification systems. This creates the need for periodic analyses, which are nowadays manually performed by experts. These labor-intensive processes are affected by subjectivity and expertise, causing unreliability. Some automatic systems have been proposed to address these limitations. However, most of them are based on classical image processing pipelines with not easily scalable designs. In this context, deep learning techniques are more adequate for the detection and recognition of phytoplankton specimens in multi-specimen microscopy images, as they integrate both tasks in a single end-to-end trainable module that is able to automatize the adaption to such a complex domain. In this work, we explore the use of two different object detectors: Faster R-CNN and RetinaNet, from the one-stage and two-stage paradigms respectively. We use a dataset composed of multi-specimen microscopy images captured using a systematic protocol. This allows the use of widely available optical microscopes, also avoiding manual adjustments on a per-specimen basis, which would require expert knowledge. We have made our dataset publicly available to improve the reproducibility and to foment the development of new alternatives in the field. The selected Faster R-CNN methodology reaches maximum recall levels of 95.35%, 84.69%, and 79.81%, and precisions of 94.68%, 89.30% and 82.61%, for W. naegeliana, A. spiroides, and D. sociale, respectively. The system is able to adapt to the dataset problems and improves the results overall with respect to the reference state-of-the-art work. In addition, the proposed system improves the automation and abstraction from the domain and simplifies the workflow and adjustment.This research was funded by Ministerio de Innovación, Government of Spain [research projects PDC2022-133132-I00, PID2019-108435RB-I00 and TED2021-131201B-I00]; Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade, Xunta de Galicia through the predoctoral grant contracts ref. ED481A 2021/147 and ED481A 2023/059, and Grupos de Referencia Competitiva, grant ref. ED431C 2020/24; CITIC, Centro de Investigación de Galicia ref. ED431G 2019/01, receives financial support from Consellería de Educación, Universidade e Formación Profesional, Xunta de Galicia, through the ERDF (80%) and Secretaría Xeral de Universidades (20%).Xunta de Galicia; ED481A 2021/147Xunta de Galicia; ED481A 2023/059Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2020/24Xunta de Galicia; ED431G 2019/0
Complete stress-strain analysis of masonry prisms under compressive loading-unloading cycles through digital image correlation
No full text[Abstract:] This paper presents the findings of an experimental study focused on the behaviour of masonry structures subjected to uniaxial loading-unloading compression. The study's primary objective is to examine the impact of joint mortar on the failure mode and the development of permanent strains using the digital image correlation technique (DIC). Masonry prisms were constructed using two types of fired bricks and five different mortars, each with varying cement and lime contents. The prisms were instrumented with a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) for displacement measurements and prepared for image processing using DIC. The prisms were then subjected to compression testing until failure to capture their complete behaviour. The experimental results obtained through DIC and LVDT measurements showed good agreement. The DIC technique proved its effectiveness in providing comprehensive strain evaluations of the brick prisms, enabling a detailed stress-strain analysis at a full-scale level. Furthermore, the study revealed that prisms with lower cement content exhibited a more ductile behaviour in the post-peak region, with strain localisation observed at the joint mortar interface.
To validate DIC's reliability in characterising masonry's cyclic behaviour, the results obtained from analytical modelling were compared with those derived from DIC. This comparison aimed to confirm the accuracy and consistency of DIC measurements. Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of masonry behaviour under compression and highlights the capabilities of DIC in capturing strain patterns and providing valuable insights into the influence of joint mortar on the structural response of masonry elements
Asistente de caracterización de recintos para producción automática de eventos deportivos mediante visión artificial
No full text[Abstract]: Sporting events are a global phenomenon of great importance in society; they are a form of entertainment for fans, a source of income for the organizers and a driver of development in a variety of social and economic areas. The retransmission of these events through television or the Internet allows people from different parts of the world to have access to these events. However, not all organizations have the financial capacity to broadcast sporting events with a minimum quality. CINFO, a company specialized in video technologies, offers a solution that makes it possible to broadcast and produce these events automatically using artificial intelligence. To do this, it is necessary to characterize the premises where the events take place, a task that is currently performed manually by the workers. In this project, using classical computer vision and deep learning techniques, the implementation of a premises characterization assistant that automates this process is proposed. Additionally, this assistant is integrated into an internal web service of the company, guaranteeing its immediate availability for any worker. Thanks to this assistant, the workload of the company’s employees will be reduced and the process prior to the sports broadcasting will be accelerated.[Resumen]: Los eventos deportivos son un fenómeno global de gran importancia en la sociedad, son una forma de entretenimiento para aficionados, una fuente de ingresos para los organizadores e impulsan el desarrollo en diversas áreas sociales y económicas. La retransmisión de estos eventos a través de medios televisivos o de internet permite que personas de distintos lugares del mundo puedan tener acceso a estos eventos. Sin embargo, no todas las organizaciones
cuentan con la capacidad financiera necesaria para retransmitir eventos deportivos con una calidad mínima. CINFO, empresa especializada en tecnologías de vídeo, ofrece una solución que posibilita la emisión y realización de estos eventos de forma automática empleando inteligencia artificial. Para ello, se necesita caracterizar los recintos en los que se producen los eventos, tarea que en la actualidad es efectuada manualmente por parte de los trabajadores. En este proyecto, haciendo uso de técnicas clásicas de visión artificial y de aprendizaje profundo, se propone la implementación de un asistente de caracterización de recintos que automatice este proceso. Adicionalmente, se integra este asistente en un servicio web interno de la empresa, garantizando su disponibilidad inmediata para cualquier trabajador. Gracias a este asistente, se reducirá la carga de trabajo de los empleados de la empresa y se agilizará el proceso previo a la retransmisión deportiva.Traballo fin de mestrado (UDC.FIC). Enxeñaría Informática. Curso 2023/202
A novel analytical formulation for the stiffness of the component column web panel in shear with additional plates in bolted steel joints.
Get PDF[Abstract] Given that the stiffness of joints has an important influence on the global behavior of steel structures, considerable efforts have been made to develop methods to characterize their behavior. In the component method, that is adopted by Eurocode 3, one of the most relevant components is the column web panel in shear; however, this component has never been the subject of research when additional plates are welded between the column flanges to attach the secondary beams to the minor axis of the column. This paper proposes a stiffness formulation for the component column web panel in shear with additional plates, taking into account the stiffening contribution of these additional plates. To archive this, four experimental tests of beam-to-column joints were carried out, a finite element model was calibrated with the experimental data by comparing moment-rotation and momentdeformation curves, a parametric study of sixty different configurations was performed with the calibrated finite element models to obtain the stiffness of the component column web panel in shear and the initial stiffness of the joint. Then, the proposed stiffness formulation for the component was validated with the results of the parametric study, obtaining a very good agreement. Finally, a compilation of the stiffness formulation of all the components of the joint type extended end plate with additional plates was made and validated, when comparing this analytical stiffness with the initial stiffness of the joints of the parametric study, satisfactory concordance was found.info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020–113895GBC31/ES
Métodos predictivos de aprendizaje estadístico
Get PDFManuais, nº42"O libro en papel pode ser adquirido a través da rede comercial de librarías a nivel nacional. Tamén poden consultalo na rede de bibliotecas universitarias da UDC. Máis información na seguinte ligazón: https://www.udc.es/en/publicacions/catalogo/Novidades-Editoriais/metodos-predictivos-de-aprendizaje-estadistico/Este es un libro de análisis computacional de datos utilizando el lenguaje de programación y
entorno estadístico R, escrito con el objetivo de introducir las técnicas más importantes del
aprendizaje estadístico para el modelado predictivo. El enfoque es eminentemente práctico,
presentando la teoría necesaria para describir los métodos, pero prestando especial énfasis en el
código, al considerar que este puede ayudar a entender mejor el funcionamiento de los métodos,
además de resultar imprescindible en la resolución de problemas reales.
El presente libro está destinado a lectores con distintos perfiles. Puede resultar de utilidad tanto
a alumnos de los últimos cursos de grados, y de másteres, con un fuerte componente tecnológico,
como a profesionales del sector de la ciencia de datos
Instalaciones interactivas digitales en museos: un marco para la evaluación desde la perspectiva del profesional del patrimonio cultural
Get PDF[Resumo] Este estudo enfócase en optimizar o deseño das instalacións multimedia interactivas dixitais ou IMI en museos, tomando como punto de partida a perspectiva do profesional do patrimonio cultural. Inicialmente, defínese e analízase como estes profesionais conciben as IMI e as súas expectativas cara a elas, co fin de que a súa implementación en exposicións reflicta adecuadamente as súas necesidades e obxectivos. Este entendemento é crucial para a mellora do deseño e funcionalidade das IMI.
A investigación pretende establecer un marco conceptual desde o que abordar a xeración dunha Matriz de Avaliación deseñada especificamente para as IMI, permitindo avaliar en que medida estas instalacións correspóndense coas expectativas e obxectivos do profesional do museo. Este proceso facilitará datos críticos sobre a congruencia das IMI cos propósitos do museo, sen centrarse na interacción do público visitante, senón en como as IMI encarnan os valores esenciais do museo.
O obxectivo final deste estudo é afondar na comprensión e efectividade das IMI desde a óptica do profesional do museo, co obxectivo de enriquecer a experiencia do visitante e garantir que os valores e metas museísticas transmítanse eficazmente a través destas instalacións interactivas.[Resumen] Este estudio se enfoca en optimizar el diseño de las instalaciones multimedia interactivas digitales o IMI en museos, tomando como punto de partida la perspectiva del profesional del patrimonio cultural. Inicialmente, se define y analiza cómo estos profesionales conciben las IMI y sus expectativas hacia ellas, con el fin de que su implementación en exposiciones refleje adecuadamente sus necesidades y objetivos. Este entendimiento es crucial para la mejora del diseño y funcionalidad de las IMI.
La investigación pretende establecer un marco conceptual desde el que abordar la generación de una Matriz de Evaluación diseñada específicamente para las IMI, permitiendo evaluar en qué medida estas instalaciones cumplen con las expectativas y objetivos del profesional del museo. Este proceso facilitará datos críticos sobre la congruencia de las IMI con los propósitos del museo, sin centrarse en la interacción del público visitante, sino en cómo las IMI encarnan los valores esenciales del museo.
El objetivo final de este estudio es profundizar en la comprensión y efectividad de las IMI desde la óptica del profesional del museo, con el objetivo de enriquecer la experiencia del visitante y garantizar que los valores y metas museísticas se transmitan eficazmente a través de estas instalaciones interactivas.[Abstract] This study is dedicated to optimizing the design of digital interactive multimedia installations (IMIs) in museums, beginning with the cultural heritage professional's perspective. Initially, it outlines and examines how these professionals view IMIs and their expectations for them, aiming to ensure their implementation in exhibitions accurately reflects their needs and objectives. This comprehension is vital for the enhancement of the design and functionality of IMIs.
The research seeks to establish a conceptual framework for creating a specific Evaluation Matrix for IMIs, enabling the assessment of the extent to which they align with the museum professionals' expectations and objectives. This approach will yield critical data regarding the congruence of IMIs with the museum's aims, focusing not on the interaction of the visiting public but on how the IMIs embody the museum's core values.
The ultimate goal of this study is to delve deeper into the understanding and effectiveness of IMIs from the museum professional's viewpoint, aiming to enrich the visitor experience and ensure that the museum's values and goals are effectively communicated through these interactive installations