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Socio-culyural Socio-Economic and Socio-Linguistic Diversity among the Fulbe of the Sudan Republic
No full textSocio-culyural Socio-Economic and Socio-Linguistic Diversity among the Fulbe of the Sudan Republi
Unity and Diversity of Nubian Languages
No full textUnity and Diversity of Nubian LanguagesUnity and Diversity of Nubian Language
Estimating standing biomass in papyrus (Cyperus papyrus L.) swamp: exploratory of in situ hyperspectral indices and random forest regression
No full textThis Paper has been presented for promotion at the University of KhartoumAccurate estimates of papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) biomass are critical for an efficient
papyrus swamp monitoring and management system. The objective of this study was
to test the utility of random forest (RF) regression and two narrow-band vegetation
indices in estimating above-ground biomass (AGB) for complex and densely vegetated
swamp canopies. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced
vegetation index (EVI) were calculated from field spectrometry data and fresh AGB
was measured in 82 quadrats at three different areas in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park,
South Africa. NDVI was calculated from all possible band combinations of the
electromagnetic spectrum (350 and 2500 nm), while EVI was calculated from possible
band combinations in the blue, red, and near infrared of the spectrum. Backward
feature elimination and RF regression were used as variable selection and modelling
techniques to predict papyrus AGB. Results showed that the effective portions of
electromagnetic spectrum for estimation AGB of papyrus swamp were located within
the blue, red, red-edge, and near-infrared regions. The three best selected EVIs were
computed from bands located at (i) 445, 682, and 829 nm, (ii) 497, 676, and 1091 nm,
and (iii) 495, 678, and 1120 nm. These indices produced better predictive accuracies
(R2= 0.90; root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) = 0.289 kg m −2; 7.99% of
the mean) than the best selected NDVIs (R2= 0.85; RMSEP = 0.343 kgm −2; 9.49% of
the mean) that were calculated from bands located at (i) 739 and 829 nm, (ii) 739 and
814 nm, (iii) 744 and 789 nm, and (iv) 734 and 909 nm. The results of the present
study demonstrate the utility of narrow-band vegetation indices (EVI and NDVI) and
RF regression in estimating papyrus AGB at high density, a previously challenging
task with broadband satellite sensors.University of Khartou
L'EXISTENTIALISME DANS L'ETRANGER
No full textL'EXISTENTIALISME DANS L'ETRANGERL'EXISTENTIALISME DANS L'ETRANGE
In the Name of Modernity: The Present’s Double Conflict in Salih’s Novels
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the University of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] most of his works, Tayeb Salih contemplates the complex issue of tradition versus modernity. He eloquently demonstrates the resilience of traditional society in the face of the challenges of modernisation. At the same time the confusion of those who were enticed and tempted by the lure of the west is examined against the background of the dignity and relative stability of traditional village life. In his works, and particularly in Season, Salih tackles the issue of tradition and change within the context of the ever controversial East-West theme. He ingeniously presents the bewilderment and dilemma of having to choose between adhering to the original identity and following the example of western civilization at the expense of the original culture and its values
Comparison Between Two Baggara Cattle Subtypes in Meat Quality Attributes
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other Ahmed Dayain Abdalla Biraima & Ikhlas Ahmed NourThis study was conducted to assess the differences in meat quality
between two Baggara beef subtypes (Nyalawi and Mesairi). Thirty bulls
(15 from each subtype), 4 years old, commercially finished for 3 months
were used. Slaughter and carcasses weights were determined and meat
samples were cut from Longissimus thoraces muscles between the 11th
and the 12th ribs. Chemical composition, water holding capacity, cooking
loss, objective colour, myofibrillar fragmentation index and sensory
evaluation were determined. The results showed that, the hot dressing
percentage of the Nyalawi (51.70%) was significantly higher than the
Mesairi (46.76%). The Nyalawi gave significantly low muscle moisture
(73.97%) and cooking loss (33.91%) and significantly higher fat (1.86%),
water holding capacity ratio (2.39) and myofibril fragmentation index
(24.21) than the Mesairi subtype. There were no significant differences in
colour values L*, a* and b* between the two subtypes. Sensory rating
scores revealed a significant increase in tenderness (3.06) and overall
acceptability (2.91) and a non significant increase in colour, juiciness and
flavour in Nyalawi meat compared with the Mesairi meat. The study
concluded that the Baggara breed subtypes Nyalawi and Mesairi are
significantly different in the meat quality attributes. Studies of the
inheritance of fat and meat tenderness traits are needed to improve the
meat quality of these subtypes
Effects of First Irrigation Date on Sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) Ratoon Establishment
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the University of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] field experiment was conducted during 2012/2013 at Guneid sugarcane
research farm to evaluate the effects of the date of first irrigation on the
growth of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) first ratoon. After harvest of main
sugarcane crop, four first irrigation dates (after 3, 9, 15 and 21 days) were
applied and arranged in a completely randomized block design with four
replications. The plant growth attributes studied were plant height, plant
population, stem diameter, biomass fresh and dry weights. First irrigation
date had significant effect on plant height, plant population, and stem
diameter and insignificant effect on number of leaves/plant and biomass
fresh and dry weights. Plant height, plant population and stem diameter
were reduced with delayed first irrigation date. Application of the first
irrigation after 3 days from harvest was the best date for the start of the
ratoon growt
Historical Demographic Profiles and Genetic Variation among the only African Indigenous Dairy Zebu Types: The Butana and Kenana of Sudan
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] and Kenana cattle are part of the East African Zebu (Bos indicus)
breed of cattle in the Sudan. Unlike other indigenous Zebu cattle in
Africa, they are unique due to their reputation for high milk production
and are, thus, regarded as dairy cattle, the only ones of their kind in the
African continent. In this study, the complete mtDNA D-loop was
sequenced in 70 individuals to understand the maternal genetic variations
and demographic profile and history of the two types. The study showed
that the two types have very high mtDNA diversity. A Bayesian
coalescent-based analysis revealed that the two types have different
historical and demographic profiles that support the initial population
expansion of the Butana type compared with the Kenana and that the
types may have been independently developed prior to their introduction
in the continent, with the arrival of the Butana type preceding that of
Kenana. The analysis further revealed that the Butana type has
experienced a decline in its effective population size (Ne) in the past 590
years. There is a need to design appropriate breeding strategies for
effective management of these two types with the potential of improving
milk production in marginal areas where they are best adapted
Radio Freequency Identification Technology
No full textThe system is based in positioning a processor in the vicinity of the traffic signal controlled intersection. The processor is configured to store adaptable cycle times for the traffic signal. A Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) reader is mounted in the vicinity of the traffic signal, which communicates with the processor and interrogates the RFID tags on each RFID-tagged vehicle at the roadway intersection. The RFID reader in combination with the processor counts the number of RFID-tagged vehicles present in each traffic flow direction at the roadway intersection.Congestion problem is increased in a dramatically way due to increased population and travel means. The associated consequences for this problem made it extremely bothering. Since the expansion of the traffic network is no longer a socially attainable solution, the existing control systems have to be used in a more intelligent way, in order to increase the traffic throughput and decrease total travel times.
Intelligent transportation systems ITS had been developed to overcome the congestion problem, undertake to identify the real number of cars present in the street, but there is some limitation arises (existing of blind spots, counting the car more than one and such problems).
So the necessity for smarter ITS technology based on an elegant way to identify the real number of cars is emerged via using RFID technology, Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a generic term that is used to describe a system that transmits the identity (in the form of a unique serial number) of an object wirelessly, using radio waves. RFID technology does not require contact or line of sight for communication.
The system is based in positioning a processor in the vicinity of the traffic signal controlled intersection. The processor is configured to store adaptable cycle times for the traffic signal. A Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) reader is mounted in the vicinity of the traffic signal, which communicates with the processor and interrogates the RFID tags on each RFID-tagged vehicle at the roadway intersection. The RFID reader in combination with the processor counts the number of RFID-tagged vehicles present in each traffic flow direction at the roadway intersection.
The processor may be configured to interact with the other traffic signal processors at other intersections so that the traffic signal operation can be coordinated.
This innovation enables tracking a vehicle in the absence of GPS or a cell phone, risky traffic violations like running a red light can be detected and the owner identified and other applications may be developed