8393 research outputs found
Sort by
الاستمارة الالكترونية لتسليم نتائج الامتحانات الملاحق والبدائل 2012-2013 المستوي الخامس كلية التربية قسم العلوم الاسرية
No full textالاستمارة الالكترونية لتسليم نتائج الامتحانات الملاحق والبدائل 2012-2013 المستوي الخامس كلية التربية قسم العلوم الاسري
Sudanes Languges in a Globlizing World
No full textSudanes Languges in a Globlizing WorldSudanes Languges in a Globlizing Worl
Characterization of rotavirus among Sudanese children under 5 years of age , Khartoum state, Sudan
No full textRotavirus A is the most frequent cause of diarrhea in under
-
five year old children worldwide
where it
is e
stimated to cause 1
14
million cases of gastroenteritis resulting in
527,000
deaths
annually
[1
-
3
]
. Five strains
are
the most common among humanBackground:
Diarrheal diseases
a
re
a
big public health
problem
worldwide,
particularly
among
developing countries.
The current study was conducted at ElBuluk Pediatric hospital to d
etect
and genotyping of genogroup A Rota virus (GARVs) from children, admitted with gastroenteritis
to
one
of the major
pediatric
h
ospitals
in Khartoum state, Sudan.
Methods:
A total of 755 stool samples were collected from children less than 5years of age
presenting with acute gastroenteritis to
one of the major
pediatric hospital
s in Khartoum
.
Rota
virus was
investigated via
enzyme
-
linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Positive stool
samples
were used
in
Ribonucleic acid
(RNA)
extract
ion
and the
reafter
RNA product was loaded on
formaldehyde agarose gel, and then visualized under ultraviolet light.
VP4 (P) and VP
7 (
G
)
genotyping
for Rota virus
was done using Reverse transcription
-
Polymerase chain reaction (RT
PCR) and nested PCR followed by sequences.
Results:
Out
of the 755 stool samples from children with acute gastroenteritis, 121(16%) were
positive for rotav
irus A. There was enough RNA for sequenc
ing
in only 24 samples where the
VP7 predominant G type was G1 (83.3%), followed by G9 (16.7%).
Out of these
samples, only
one VP4 genotype was detected and showed high similarity (more than 98%) to P8 Genbank
strain
.
Conclusion:
As a conclusion the VP7 predominant G type was G1, followed by G9 whereas
only one VP4 genotype was detected and showed high similarity to P8 Genbank strain. It appears
that the recently approved rotavirus vaccines in Sudan are well matched t
o the rotavirus
genotypes identified at th
i
s hospital, though larger studies are neede
Comparison of different methods of application of neural network on soil profile of Khartoum state
No full textComparison of different methods of application
network on soil profile of Khartoum stateAbstract: Within the last years, four methods have been developed to predict the soil profile and its parameters in Sudan.
However, a method making such predictions with the required degree of accuracy and consistency has not yet been developed.
In this paper, artificial neural networks, ANNs are used in an attempt to compare between these methods by applying them on
large zone contains many sites to select a unified method. A large database of actual measured is used to develop and verify
the ANN model. The predicted soil profile found by utilizing ANNs is compared between them. The results indicate that
ANNs are a useful technique for predicting the soil profile and its parameters when using anyone of the compared methods
Number Agreement in Classical Arabic and Standard English: (A Contrastive Analysis)
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the University of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] of the mother tongue is a serious problem that faces most learners of foreign languages. Even advanced learners may have great difficulty in eradicating mistakes that occur as a result of negative transfer. Number agreement between Classical Arabic and Standard English is an area that might be affected by this interference. This paper attempts to compare and contrast the structure of number agreement in both languages and thus to predict areas of difficulty for learners. It also intends to investigate the sources of errors of number agreement whether they occur as a result of a negative transfer or in some cases due to other sources of errors. The sample of the study consisted of 30 Sudanese learners of English in their first year in the Department of English, Faculty of Arts- University of Khartoum. Written test was the instrument used to collect the data for the study. Similarities and differences between the two languages with regard to number agreement were classified. The study confirmed that areas of difference cause difficulties for Sudanese learners of English. Many of these errors could perhaps be explained by negative interference and other sources of errors
Evaluation of the Performance of Center Pivot Irrigation System for Proper Irrigation Scheduling
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the University of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at Amir Bakheit Saeed and Mohamed Ibrahim EbeidallaThis study was conducted at Atbara farm of the Arab Company for Crop
Production where center pivots were used for producing alfalfa as a
forage crop. The objectives were evaluation of the performance of the
center pivot irrigation system, the irrigation scheduling practiced in the
farm and crop water requirement. The low level of both macro–and micro
– nutrients suggests the need for addition of nitrogenous, phosphatic and
potassic fertilizers together with foliar spray of micro–nutrients. Also, the
results showed that the uniformity coefficients, using Christiansen (Cu)
and Heirman and Hein (CuHH) methods was relatively low being 84.14%
and 85.32%, respectively. The distribution uniformity (Du) was 80% at
50% speed which is below the acceptable value. The results also revealed
that the application efficiency is 77.72%. For proper irrigation scheduling,
a recent innovation having the trade name ‘‘Watermark” coupled with a
special resistance digital meter were used for monitoring the soil
moisture. It becomes evident from these results that when appropriate
scheduling programmes are followed, as by using the “Watermark”, three
to four irrigations can be eliminated in one month which will reduce the
fuel cost and finally the total cost of operation of the center pivot
irrigation system
الواقع والرؤى المستقبلية لصناعة الدواجن فى السودان
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at Abdelgader Abdelrhmanتشهد صناعة الدواجن فى السودان نمواً مضطرداً على جميع الأصعده
أفقياً وراسياً خاصة فى العشر سنوات الأخيره . وتظهر الإحصائيات
هذا التطور السريع المتنامى فى مزارع أمات اللاحم والبياض والدجاج
اللاحم والبياض والمفرخات ومصانع الأعلاف والمجازر فى شركات
الدواجن القائمة ومشاريع الدواجن الجديدة . حيث تستخدم التقنيات
الحديثة ونسبة لإرتفاع أسعار منتجات اللحوم الحمراء فى السنوات
القليلة الماضية . تحول المواطن السودانى إلى إستهلاك لحوم الدواجن
نسبة لإرتفاع قيمتها الغذائية وإنخفاض أسعارها حيث سعر كيلو اللحوم
3-2 أضعاف سعر كيلو الفراخ وعليه تضاعف إنتاج لحوم الدواجن
30 ألف طن - 3 أضعاف حيث إرتفع الإنتاج من 25 – إلى أكثر من 2
إلى أكثر من 100 ألف طن فى العام 2013 م علماً بأن الفرد
3 كيلو/ العام . مقارنة ب 9.2 كيلو/ العام لمتسوط – السودانى يستهلك 2
الفرد فى العالم . ولحوم الدواجن تشكل أحد مرتكزات الأمن الغذائى
فى البروتين الحيوانى . وتم إستيراد 500 ألف كتكوت أمات لاحم و
70 ألف أمات بياض و 12 مليون بيضة تفريخ لاحم ومرتكزات
ومضافات علفية فى العام 2012 بلغت قيمتها 475 مليون دولار . هذا
وأن إنتاج اللحوم البيضاء يقلل من المسحوب السنوى من اللحوم
الحمراء للإستهلاك المحلى مما يوفر فائض للتصدير ليعود بالعملات
الحرة . وكما هو معلوم فإن صناعة أعلاف الدواجن لها تأثير مباشر
70 % من تكلفة الإنتاج -% على إقتصاديات الإنتاج حيث أنها تمثل 60
علماً بأن السودان يعتمد على الذرة الفتريتة فى تصنيع الأعلاف مختلفاً
عن كل الدول التى يعتمد على الذرة الشامية فى تغذية الدواجن والذى
بدأت أسعارها فى الإرتفاع فى السنوات الخمس الماضية نسبة للمنافسة
فى إستخدامه فى إنتاج الطاقة الحيوية – الأيثانول . وقد أثبتت التجربة
العلمية والبحوث الجارية فى مراكز البحوث والجامعات بأنه يمكن
الإعتماد على الذرة الفتريتة فى تغذية الدواجن ليس فى السودان فحسب
بل للدول العربية المستقبل
A Potential Antidotal Effect of Datura stramonium Seeds on the Toxicity of Malathion Insecticide in Rats
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] purpose of the present study was to determine the antidotal effect of
Datura stramonium aqueous seed extract (DSE) in treatment of toxicity of
malathion. Twenty-five albino rats were evenly divided into five groups
including the control. The control group (5) and the other four groups
(1, 2, 3 and 4) received initially 500 mg/kg body weight of malathion.
After ½ an hour, groups 2, 3, and 4 received 5, 7.5 mg/kg of DSE and 17
mg/kg atropine sulphate, respectively; this treatment was repeated after 4
hours, and group 5 was left as unintoxicated, untreated (control). Blood
samples were collected three times, after ½ an hour of the first treatment,
after ½ an hour of the second treatment and after 24 hours. In the treated
groups, the level of the enzyme cholinesterase significantly increased
towards the normal level, while the levels of ALT, AST and ALP
significantly decreased. The rats were sacrificed after 24 hours, and tissue
specimens were processed for histopathology. The result of
histopathology showed normal internal organs in the groups dosed with
7.5 mg/kg DSE and the group treated with the drug. The groups treated
with 5 mg/kg DSE showed mild toxicity in the internal organs and
slightly high levels of serum enzymes. The malathion group (untreated)
showed typical signs of toxicity in the internal organs and high level of
serum enzymes. The study concluded that the dose of 7.5 mg/kg DSE
possesses antidotal effect against malathion toxicity and has the same
effect of atropine sulphate in treatment of toxicity and indicates that the
protective action of DSE against the insecticide tested was dose
dependant. This effect is most probably due to the presence of the
atropine-like alkaloids in D. stramonium that may possess central
anticholinergic effects which minimize the action of acetylcholine at
muscarinic receptor
Development of Vaccines in Poultry Industry – Malaysian Experiences
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the University of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at I. AiniMalaysia, due to its rapid growth and structured changes, has transformed
into a prosperous, urban and industrialized economy since early '70s. Less
than 5% households are considered poor compared to 50% in 1957, when
the country achieved its independence. However, there are still substantial
spatial individuals living in poverty, especially in rural areas. One of the
sectors under food security in Malaysia, for protein sustainability, is
increasing the amount of animal protein, so that they are readily accessible
to the rural poor. Chicken meat has been identified as the cheapest source
of animal protein. Poultry industry in Malaysia, largely propelled by the
private sector, has significant contribution in supplying the protein needs
of the population as reflected by the higher percentage share of the sector
in the total livestock value. The annual production of eggs and meat are
valued between RM 1.78 billion and RM 6.03 billion. Besides being a
cheap source of protein, chicken has a special status due to its general
acceptance among the Malaysian multi-racial and multi-ethnic population,
since there is no religious restrictions associated with it. The rapid growth
of the poultry industry is primarily due to the advances in poultry
management, nutrition, genetics and better disease diagnosis and control.
However, infectious diseases are still the major causes of losses in poultry
industry and farmers depend mainly on imported vaccines, which are costly
and sometimes may not be very effective. The need to provide constant source
of cheap animal protein to the rural poor led our team to be involved in
food security initiatives via disease control, by embarking on poultry
vaccines development, targeting the control of diseases in village
chickens, as well as commercial chickens. We focus on enhancing the
health of poultry especially village chickens, for more than 20 years, by
developing efficacious vaccines which are cheaper than the imported
vaccines. One of the vaccines is for Newcastle disease, which is a very
important disease in poultry, worldwide. The success of this vaccine, has
led to an increase in number of village chickens being reared by rural
farmers. Some farmers now rear large number of village chickens semiintensively.
The development of this vaccine has also led to the
establishment of the first and the only animal vaccine manufacturing
company in the country, and it is now certified with Good Manufacturing
Practice (GMP). Our research group has developed two other vaccines
which are now sold in more than 8 countries. This paper highlights the
stages of vaccine developments, from research, development, laboratory
and field trials, up scaling and commercialization