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Environmental and Socio-economic Impact of Wadi Abu Soueid Water Harvesting and Spreading Project in Khartoum State, Sudan
No full textThis study was conducted to assess the ecological and socio-economic impacts of
Wadi Abu Soueid rainwater harvesting and spreading dam - a project located in an agropastoral
rural area on the eastern bank of the Blue Nile River in Khartoum State. Wadi
Abu Soueid dam was established in 1997 by the State’s Ministry of Agriculture for
improving rain-fed agriculture and rangeland in the area. A stratified random sample of
five villages, located in the areas commanded by the water spreading dam, was chosen on
the basis of distance from Khartoum. A proportional convenience sampling method was
then used to select 50 respondents for interviewing. Primary data were collected through
use of structured interview schedules, and secondary data were obtained from various
relevant sources. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for
data analysis. Comparative analysis for the periods prior to and after the establishment of
Wadi Abu Soueid dam revealed significant differences in terms of sorghum productivity,
size of livestock herds and production and marketing of milk and live animals. The
analysis also revealed improvement in the density of natural grass and tree cover in the
rangelands following the construction of the dam. However, some negative impacts of the
water spreading dam were evident. These included a significant increase in the densities
of the noxious Adar (Sorghum sp.) weed and semi-parasitic Buda (Striga hermonthica)
plant, security problems (including trespassing on farmland and rangeland by nomadic
groups from neighboring areas and animal thefts), and uncontrolled flooding of
potentially productive farmland due to neglect of dam maintenance. Technical defects,
relating to dam maintenance, and lack of follow-up activities resulted in loss of land due
to uncontrolled flooding also became evident. Based on the findings of the study, a set of
recommendations was put forward, including the scheduling of regular maintenance of
the Wadi Abu Soueid and the other water harvesting dams, ensuring adequate follow up
of pasture and crop land improvement programs, the introduction of improved crop
varieties, and the intensification of technically coordinated extension programs for
achieving sustainable use of the natural resources in the area
Assessment of Land Cover in the Blue Nile State, Sudan, Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
No full textThe study aimed to assess land cover in the Blue Nile State using remote sensing
and GIS techniques. The main objectives of the study were to assess the Land Cover
Classification System and the object-oriented methods in estimating the land cover changes
and in assessing the encroachment of rainfed agriculture on the forest lands and grazing
areas, during the period 1984-2010. The results showed that there was an increase in the
agriculture area at the expense of the forest lands and grazing areas, with 51% of the forest
area under crop production in 2010. Based on the research findings, a land use model was
proposed to support planning and to be used as a basis for updating the national land use
and investment maps of the study area
Balanites aegyptiaca: A Multipurpose Tree Species for Forest-based Industry Development in Sudan
No full textSudan is endowed with a great diversity of tree species, nevertheless the use of
wood resources has traditionally concentrated on a few number of them, Despite the
richness of Sudan in most basic factors required to establish forest-based industries, it
still almost entirely depends on imports to satisfy its needs of the products of such
industries like pulp, paper, fiberboard,…etc .The present study was carried out to
investigate some wood properties of Balanites aegyptiaca and to assess its suitability for
pulp, paper and flooring industries. The wood materials were collected from the Blue
Nile, North Kordofan, South Kordofan and White Nile states. Some anatomical, physical
and mechanical properties were investigated, and their results were used to determine the
suitability of the selected tree species for pulp, paper and flooring industries. Fiber length,
diameter, lumen diameter and double wall thickness were measured and the data were
used to obtain the Runkel ratio, slenderness ratio and coefficient of suppleness (or
flexibility coefficient). Wood density and hardness strength were determined. The results
revealed that the wood anatomical, mechanical and physical properties of the study
species may qualify it for pulp, paper and flooring industries. The results may encourage
the establishment of such forest-based industry in Sudan. This would not only reduce
imports, but it would also provide an economic incentive to the forestry and industrial
sectors of Sudan
Characterization and Classification of Soils in the Blue Nile Basin Forests: Case Studies of Lembwa and El-Gazair Forest Reserves, Sennar State, Sudan
No full textThis study was conducted in Lembwa and El-Gazair reserved forests, located on the
Blue Nile basin in Sennar State. The study aimed to characterize and classify the soils of the
four basen zones, locally named Gerf, Maya, Karab and Dahara, and determine their fertility.
Three profiles were dug in each of Gerif, Maya and Karab and one profile in Dahara. The soil
profile in Gerif in the two forests was deep, with high silt content and silty clay texture, while
in Maya and Dahara it had clay content and clayey soil texture. Karab zone in El-Gazair
forest was characterized by high sand content and sandy loam texture. The pH was neutral to
slightly alkaline and the soil was free from salinity in all zones, except Dahara. The cation
exchange capacity (CEC) was medium in all zones, except in Karab where it was low.
Regarding fertility, Gerif zone wase rich and fertile followed by Maya zones. Dahara zone
contained small amounts of other nutrients in the two forests. The World Reference Base
(WRB) 2006 and USDA 2010 systems were used for classification of the zones. Gerif and
Maya zones in both forests and Karab in Lembwa forest were classified as Haplic Fluvisols
clayic (WRB) and Entisols Typic Torrifluvents, Entisols Vertic Torrifluvents (U.S
Taxonomy), respectively. Karab zone in El-Gazair forest was classified as Haplic Regosols
Calcaric and Inceptisols Typic Torrifluvents. Dahara zones were classified as Haplic
Vertisols Calcaric and Vertisols Typic Haplotorrets
Rooting Patterns and the Effect of Sesbania species on Soil Moisture Content
No full textThis study was conducted at ICRAF field station in Machakos, Kenya. It was
designed to examine the effect of three Sesbania species on soil moisture content and to
test their rooting patterns. For each of the Sesbania species, free growth (roots and shade
present), guy-wiring (shade removed) and root barrier (roots removed) treatments were
used. The Sesbania species, with these treatments, were intercropped with maize. Sole
maize was used as control. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block
design with ten treatments and three replications. In each plot, a single row of Sesbania
was planted at 0.5 within-row spacing. Six maize rows were planted at 0.3m within-row
spacing and 0.75 m between-row spacing. Soil moisture content was monitored in
Sesbania sesban and sole maize treatments. The root length density was studied in guywiring
treatments of S. sesban and S. macrantha. The number of roots in the profile wall
was studied in the free growth treatment of the three species. The results indicated that
soil moisture content was lower in rows near trees compared with those far from trees.
The study of the root system indicated that Sesbania sesban has higher root length
density than S. macrantha. It is concluded that roots of the studied species can compete
with agricultural crops for moisture and nutrients
نتيجة الملاحق والبدائل لطلاب السنة الخامسة نهائي طب اسنان للعام 2012-2013 كلية طب الاسنان
No full textنتيجة الملاحق والبدائل لطلاب السنة الخامسة نهائي طب اسنان للعام 2012-2013 كلية طب الاسنا
دراسة النباتات المذكورة فى القرأن الكريم
No full textدراسة النباتات المذكورة فى القرأن الكريمدراسة النباتات المذكورة فى القرأن الكريم ونشاه النبات وفوايد
المواقف اللغوية والتحول اللغوي وسط المجموعات العرقية المهاجرة في الخرطوم
No full textالمواقف اللغوية والتحول اللغوي وسط المجموعات العرقية المهاجرة
في
الخرطومتبحث ىذه الورقة الإتجاىات اللغوية وسط المجموعات العرقية الدقيمة في مدينة الخرطوم، عاصمة السودان
.
تم استخدام نهج
الاستبيانات لجمع البيانات الدتعلقة بتفضيل لغة ما على أخرى، واللغة التي يفضل أولياء الأمور أنشاء أطفالذم عليها، والأسباب الدؤدية
إلذ تفضيل اللغة
.
تشتَ النتائج إلذ أنو على الرغم من
أن
الدوقف الإيجابي قد لعب دورا ىاما في عملية دراسة اللغة العربية وسط بعض
الج موعات الدبحوثة، فقد ثبت أنو، أي الدوقف الايجابي، لد يساعد كثتَا في الحفاظ على اللغات العرقية لتلك المجموعات
.
كما تدت
الإشارة كذلك إلذ أهمية اللغة العربية في لرال التعليم وأداء الشعائر الدينية والتمتع بالامتيازات الاقتصادية وفي التعاملات الاجتماعية
.
ومن ناحية أخرى، تم التوصل إلذ أن أسباب تفضيل اللغات العرقية رمزية بحتة
(
حيث ترمز للهوية العرقية للمجموعات